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"Military capability is essential to enable State to exercise its right of self-defense. Such military capability is referred to as military defense capability. Although its purpose is for defense, it still presents a problem. The military defense capability of one State can be perceived by another State as a threat. For military defense capability not to be regarded as a threat, as argued in this study, the State has to observe certain parameters. One of those parameters is international law. International law as a restricting norm has proscribed limitations that a State has to observe when it exercises its right to establish and build up its military defense capability. The main purpose of this study is to examine how international law can assume its role to restrict the right of a State and to see how effectively international law has played its role. To this effect, the study is divided into two parts. The first part discusses some basic comprehension of military defense capability, how international law in general assumes its role of restricting certain activities of States and the limitations found under international law that enforce these restrictions. The second part is devoted to examining Japan as a case study. This part of the discussion centers on Japan's military defense capability and analyses whether Japan has observed the limitations. The study gives an overall conclusion, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of international law and Japan's degree of adherence to the limitations."

"Military capability is essential to enable State to exercise its right of self-defense. Such military capability is referred to as military defense capability. Although its purpose is for defense, it still presents a problem. The military defense capability of one State can be perceived by another State as a threat. For military defense capability not to be regarded as a threat, as argued in this study, the State has to observe certain parameters. One of those parameters is international law. International law as a restricting norm has proscribed limitations that a State has to observe when it exercises its right to establish and build up its military defense capability. The main purpose of this study is to examine how international law can assume its role to restrict the right of a State and to see how effectively international law has played its role. To this effect, the study is divided into two parts. The first part discusses some basic comprehension of military defense capability, how international law in general assumes its role of restricting certain activities of States and the limitations found under international law that enforce these restrictions. The second part is devoted to examining Japan as a case study. This part of the discussion centers on Japan's military defense capability and analyses whether Japan has observed the limitations. The study gives an overall conclusion, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of international law and Japan's degree of adherence to the limitations."

"The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force?s (JMSDF) fixed-wing patrol aircraft force?s structure comprised of ?100 P-3C Patrol aircraft-based Structure? has been a symbol of modernization of Japan?s maritime defense capabilities since the 1980s along with the escort flotilla?s ?Eight Destroyers with Eight Helicopters Concept?. However, this concept has not been systematically researched in terms of the background and purpose of its formulation as well as its significance for Japan?s maritime defense. I, the author, published research results related to the ?Eight Destroyers with Eight Helicopters Concept?, which utilizes oral history material and other data, in the National Institute for Defense Studies? (NIDS) Military History Studies Annual Report last fiscal year. Therefore, in this article here, I look back on the background and other aspects of the ?100 P-3C Patrol aircraft-based Structure? from the same perspective and using the same methods as the ones used for the article on the ?Eight Destroyers with Eight Helicopters Concept? and reviews its significance in Japan?s defense force. "

"Penelitian ini berjudul Optimalisasi Sistem Informasi Badan Sarana Pertahanan Dalam Rangka Mendukung Pertahanan Negara Studi Kasus Badan Sarana Pertahanan Kementerian Pertahanan RI. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis Optimalisasi Sistem Informasi Badan Sarana Pertahanan dilihat dari. Kompetensi SDM yang mengawaki Sistem Informasi Baranahan Kemhan dan Operasional Jaringan Komputer di Baranahan Kemhan dan juga berdasarkan teori birokrasi Max Webber. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif seperti studi literatur, dan wawancara mendalam hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa penempatan anggota di Bag datin tidak didasari kompetensinya di bidang IT/SI melainkan hanya untuk memenuhi DSP. Dalam operasional jaringan komputer di Baranahan Kemhan tidak mempunyai aturan tertulis dalam pelaksanaannya sehingga sehingga tidak jelas aturan main resminya, dan Informasi yang terdapat pada sistem informasi baranahan kemhan belum dapat diandalkan karena belum terupdate dengan baik karena belum adanya aturan tertulis yang mengikat, dan juga teori max webber belum dilaksanakan dengan maksimal. Dengan melaksanakan teori max webber secara optimal diharapkan dapat mengoptimalisasi Sistem Informasi Badan Sarana Pertahanan sehingga dapat Mendukung Pertahanan Negara. Dengan pertahanan negara yang kuat di harapkan dapat meningkatkan Ketahanan nasional. Karena Pertahanan Negara merupakan salah satu pilar penting dari Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia.

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This research entitled Optimization of Information System of Agency of Defense Facilities in Order to Support State Defense Case Study of Defense Agency Agency of Ministry of Defense RI . This paper is the result of field research that aims to analyze the Optimization of Information Systems Agency Means of Defense seen from. Human resource competencies that manages Kemaran Baranahan Information System and Computer Network Operations in Baranahan Kemhan and also based on Max Webber 39 s bureaucratic theory. Using qualitative methods such as literature studies, and in depth interviews, the results of this study found that member placement in Bag Datin was not based on competence in IT SI but only to fulfill DSP.

In the operational computer network in Baranahan Kemhan has no written rules in the implementation so that it is not clear the rules of the official game, and Information contained in the information system keman unreliable yet not reliable because not yet the existence of written rules binding, and also the theory max Webber has not been implemented with the maximum. By implementing max webber theory optimally expected to optimize Information System of Defense Facility Body so that can Support State Defense. With strong state defense expected to increase national resilience. Because State Defense is one of the important pillars of National Resilience of the Republic of Indonesia."

"One of the most observable achievements in the development of liberal democracy in Indonesia after the fall of the Soeharto?s New Order is the flourishing freedom of the press. One notable case was the Indonesian Playboy magazine and court decisions pertaining to it, which was successful in drawing massive public and even international attention. By thoroughly describing thoughts, feelings, values, and beliefs of various actors involved, this article explains the impacts of liberal democracy experimentation in Indonesia after the amendment of 1945 Constitution. This case has provided an excellent opportunity in observing the rule of law in enforcing the freedom of the press in Indonesia facing social cultural elements strongly adhered to by Indonesian people.

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Salah satu pencapaian yang terlihat dalam perkembangan demokrasi liberal di Indonesia pasca runtuhnya Orde Baru Soeharto adalah berkembangnya kebebasan pers. Kasus yang kemudian cukup krusial adalah majalah Playboy Indonesia dan putusan pengadilan yang berkaitan dengannya, yang mana berhasil menarik perhatian publik yang masif dan bahkan perhatian dunia internasional. Dengan benar-benar mendeskripsikan pemikiran, perasaan, nilai, dan kepercayaan dari berbagai pelaku yang terlibat, artikel ini menjelaskan dampak-dampak dari percobaan demokrasi liberal di Indonesia pasca amandemen UUD 1945. Kasus ini telah membuka kesempatan yang sangat baik dalam mengamati rule of law dalam melaksanakan kebebasan pers di Indonesia menghadapi elemen sosial budaya yang sangat ditaati oleh masyarakat Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini membahas Program Bela Negara yang diinisiasi oleh Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (Kemhan RI) sejak tahun 2015 sebagai upaya mengantisipasi ancaman terhadap pemuda Indonesia. Adanya ancaman ideologi, politik, keamanan, dan sosial budaya terhadap pemuda Indonesia membuat pemerintah perlu melakukan upaya proteksi terhadap pemuda Indonesia, dimana pemuda merupakan salah satu sumber daya yang penting untuk pembangunan dan ketahanan nasional bangsa Indonesia. Pada hakikatnya, program bela negara merupakan upaya pemerintah melalui Kemhan RI untuk mengurangi kerentanan masyarakat dalam menghadapi ancaman nirmiliter dengan cara meningkatkan kedisiplinan, nasionalisme, dan karakter pemuda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan urgensi program bela negara dan mengidentifikasi upaya penggalangan Kemhan RI terhadap masyarakat khususnya pemuda Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan interview kepada stakeholder program Bela Negara yaitu Kemhen RI dan individu yang mengikuti kegiatan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program bela negara diperlukan pada momentum dimana negara menghadapi banyak ancaman nirmiliter guna meningkatkan daya tangkal pemuda melalui pemahaman mendalam terhadap nilai nasionalisme dan kedisiplinan berwarganegara. Program bela negara telah mampu menjadi gerakan nasional yang dilaksanakan oleh banyak kementerian/lembaga di luar pertahanan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program bela negara Kemhan RI menyasar pemuda yang ada di lingkungan pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan pemukiman. Adapun dalam pelaksanaannya belum mampu mencapai target yang ditentukan baik dari sisi manajemen penyelenggaraan maupun dari jumlah peserta. Perlu dilakukan upaya penguatan dasar hukum untuk standardisasi pelaksanaan dan manajemen anggaran, sosialisasi melalui sarana digital kepada masyarakat, serta kerjasama melalui bidang kehumasan kepada instansi lain perlu ditingkatkan agar program ini mampu mencapai target dan menyasar seluruh pemuda Indonesia.

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This study discusses the State Defense Program initiated by the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemhan RI) since 2015 in an effort to anticipate threats to Indonesian youth. The existence of ideological, political, security, and socio-cultural threats to Indonesian youth make the government needs to build efforts to protect Indonesian youth, where youth is one of the important resources for the development and national resilience of Indonesia. In essence, the state defense program is a government effort through the Republic of Indonesia's Ministry of Defense to reduce the vulnerability of the community in facing nonmilitary threats by increasing discipline, nationalism and youth character.

This study aims to identify efforts towards the community, especially Indonesian youth, and evaluate the implementation of programs that have been implemented from 2015 to 2017. This study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing stakeholder from the Ministry of Defense and participants.

The results of this study indicate that state defense programs have been able to become a national movement carried out by many ministries/institutions outside of defense, state defense programs implemented through state defense education in various forms in the fields of education, employment and settlement.

The study indicates that the defense program of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense has not been able to achieve the determined targets both in terms of management and the number of participants. Strengthening the legal basis, budget management, dissemination through digital means to the public, cooperation through the public relations sector to other agencies need to be increased so that the program is able to reach targets and target all Indonesian youth."

"ABSTRACT"