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"Jalan Raya Daan Mogot-Pesing Kota Jakarta Barat merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki fungsi vital karena dikelilingi perumahan, industri, pasar, menghubungkan dua kota besar (Jakarta Barat dan Tanggerang), serta merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki titik konsentrasi PM2.5 tertinggi dengan 298 µg/m3 berdasarkan data IQair. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah penelitian yang dapat menganalisis risiko kesehatan terhadap masyarakat yang tinggal disekitarnya akibat pajanan PM2.5. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ARKL dengan sampel udara pada 4 titik pengukuran dan sampel subjek sebanyak 96 responden. Pengambilan sampel udara menggunakan alat Dusttrak sedangkan pengambilan data sampel subjek dilakukan dengan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran PM2.5 pada 4 titik pengukuran, terdapat 3 titik yang konsentrasinya telah berada diatas baku mutu PP No.22 tahun 2021 pada titik 2 dengan 73,8 µg/m3, titik 3 dengan 57,2 µg/m3, dan titik 4 dengan 155,4 µg/m3. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, didapatkan data rerata berat badan responden 59,5 kg, umur 44,5 tahun, waktu pajanan 24 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 350 hari/tahun, dan durasi pajanan 20 tahun. Intake realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 pengukuran dengan konsentrasi maksimum 0,03 mg/kg/hari dan 0,05 mg/kg/hari. RQ realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 dengan nilai maksimum 1,74 dan 2,61. Dibutuhkan manajemen risiko yang dapat menanggulangi titik dengan kategori berisiko diantaranya edukasi penggunaan masker, menanam tanaman penyaring debu dalam rumah, peningkatan gizi, serta penghijauan jalan raya.

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Daan Mogot-Pesing road of West Jakarta is a highway that has a vital function because it is surrounded by housing, industry, markets, connects two big cities (West Jakarta and Tangerang), and is a highway that has the highest PM2.5 concentration point with 298 µg/m3 based on IQair data. Therefore, a study is needed that can analyze the health risks to the people who live around them due to PM2.5 exposure. This study used the EHRA method with air samples at 4 measurement points and a sample of 96 respondents. Air samples were taken using the Dusttrak tool while the subject sample data was collected by interview. Based on the results of PM2.5 measurements at 4 measurement points, there are 3 points whose concentrations are above the PP No. 22 of 2021 quality standards at point 2 with 73.8 µg/m3, point 3 with 57.2 µg/m3, and point 4 with 155.4 µg/m3. Based on the interview results, the average respondent's body weight was 59.5 kg, age 44.5 years, exposure time 24 hours/day, exposure frequency 350 days/year, and exposure duration 20 years. The highest realtime and lifetime intakes were at point 4 of measurement with a maximum concentration of 0.03 mg/kg/day and 0.05 mg/kg/day. The highest realtime and lifetime RQ is at point 4 with a maximum value of 1.74 and 2.61. Risk management is needed that can address points with risk categories including education on using masks, planting dust filter plants in the house, improving nutrition, and planting plants around the road."

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan masalah yang hampir setiap tahunnyaterjadi di provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan data AQMS kota Pekanbaru, konsentrasi PM10mengalami peningkatan hingga level berbahaya pada saat terjadinya bencana kebakaranhutan tersebut. Sementara SO2 masih berada pada level ISPU sedang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kenaikan pajanan PM10 akibatkebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Desain penelitian yang digunakanadalah cross sectional study dan dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2016 ? Juni 2016. Sampelpenelitian sebanyak 97 orang pasien rawat jalan Puskesmas Melur dan Puskesmas Rejosariperiode kebakaran hutan tahun 2015 (September ? Oktober 2015). Hasil penelitian pajananPM10 selama 4 hari tidak signifikan secara statistik terhadap kejadian hipertensi di KotaPekanbaru tahun 2015. Berdasarkan tingkatan ordinal, kategori pajanan PM10 pada tingkattidak sehat memiliki OR terbesar yaitu 2,65 (CI 95% 0,48 ? 14,56), kategori sangat tidaksehat OR sebesar 2,22 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5) dan kategori berbahaya OR 1,69 (CI 95% 0,05? 50,83). setelah di kontrol variabel konfounding yaitu indeks masa tubuh (IMT),pendidikan, jenis kelamin, usia, dan riwayat keluarga yang menderita hipertensi.

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ABSTRACTLand and forest fires was a problem that almost occur in the Riau Province everyyear. Based on Air Quality Monitoring Sytem (AQMS) data in Pekanbaru, theconcentration of PM10 increased to dangerous level during fire forest episode. While SO2still at the moderate level. This objective of this study was to determine the relationshipPM10 exposure during land and forest fires in 2015 with hypertension. This design study ofresearch was cross sectional study and was conducted in February 2016 - June 2016. Thesample was 97 outpatient Rejosari health centers and Melur health centers during fire forestperiod in 2015 (September-October 2015). Results of research PM10 exposure for 1 to 8days was not statistically significant with hypertension in Pekanbaru city in 2015. Underthe ordinal level, exposure category PM10 at unhealthy levels that have the greatest riskwith OR 2.65 (95% CI 0,48 ? 14,56), the category very unhealthy OR of 2.22 (CI 95%0,34 ? 14,5) and hazardous category OR 1.69 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5), after being controlledby the variables of body mass index (BMI), education, gender, age, and family history ofhypertension."

"Polusi udara dikaitkan dengan jutaan kematian prematur di seluruh dunia dan 20 di antaranya bersifatpernafasan berasal dari polusi udara outdoor dan indoor dalam bentuk partikel serta gas. Pajanan PM2,5 danformaldehid yang berasal dari dalam ruang memiliki efek kesehatan sejak dini pada anak-anak, karenaanak-anak merupakan kelompok rentan dan selama anak dalam proses pengembangan paru-paru dapatmenyebabkan dampak jangka panjang pada fungsi paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasihubungan pajanan Particulate Matter 2,5 PM2,5 dan formaldehid terhadap gangguan fungsi paru padasiswa Sekolah Menegah Pertama Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional yangdilaksanakan pada Maret-Mei 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 160 siswa dengan metode simpel randomsampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa berumur 13-15 tahun berisiko mengalami gangguanfungsi paru 2,9 kali dengan IMT tidak normal dan mayoritas perokok pasif serta dengan aktifitas fisik yangkurang atau jarang dilakukan siswa. Pajanan PM2,5 >NAB 35 ? g/m3berisiko 7.2 kali mengalami gangguanfungsi paru pada siswa di sekolah yang berada dekat jalan raya dan konsentrasi formaldehid tinggi berisiko1,6 kali mengalami gangguan fungsi paru pada siswa di sekolah dekat jalan raya dengan kondisi ventilasiyang tidak memenuhi syarat, suhu dan kelembaban tidak normal di sekolah. Perlu dilakukan pengendalianrisiko pencemaran udara dilingkungan sekolah dengan menjauhi atau membatasi diri dari sumber polusiudara.Kata kunci: PM2,5, Formaldehid, Gangguan fungsi paru.

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Air pollution is associated with millions of premature deaths worldwide and 20 of them are respiratoryfrom outdoor and indoor air pollution in the form of particles and gases. Exposure to PM2.5 andformaldehyde derived from space has an early health effect on children, as children are a vulnerable groupand during childhood in the lung development process can cause long term effects on lung function. Thisstudy aims to identify the exposure relationship of Particulate Matter 2.5 PM2,5 and formaldehyde to lungfunction impairment in Depok State Junior High School students. This study uses a cross sectional studyconducted in March May 2018. The number of samples as many as 160 students with a simple randomsampling method. The results showed that students aged 13 15 years are at risk of impaired lung function2.9 times with abnormal BMI and the majority of passive smokers and with less physical activity or rarelydo students. Exposure of PM2.5 NAB 35 g m3 at risk 7.2 times impaired lung function in students atschools located near the highway and high formaldehyde concentrations at risk of 1.6 times impaired lungfunction in students at schools near highway with no ventilation conditions Eligible, temperature andhumidity are not normal at school. It is necessary to control the risks of air pollution within the schoolenvironment by avoiding or restricting themselves from sources of air pollution.Key words Particulate Matter2,5, Formaldehyde, Lung Function."

"Hingga tahun 2021 IDF melaporkan sekitar 537 juta orang dewasa hidup dengan diabetes dan diproyeksikan akan terus meningkat, serta 90% diantaranya adalah tipe 2. Salah satu faktor utama yang dapat menyebabkan risiko Diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah polusi udara termasuk polutan PM2.5. Namun, penelitian dengan topik ini belum banyak diteliti terutama di Indonesia sehingga untuk menelaah lebih jauh penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor terkait pajanan PM2.5 serta faktor individu dalam meningkatkan risiko kejadian Diabetes melitus tipe 2 berdasarkan kajian sistematis terhadap literatur. Sebanyak 12 literatur berupa artikel jurnal ilmiah dari berbagai negara yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2013-2021 disintesis dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan kajian sistematis, diketahui bahwa faktor risiko pajanan PM2.5 jangka panjang, konsentrasi PM2.5 yang tinggi, dan tinggal pada daerah padat penduduk, dekat dengan jalan raya, serta pada daerah dengan aktivitas industri dapat meningkatkan risiko Diabetes melitus tipe 2. Kejadian ini kemudian dapat lebih berisiko pada populasi dengan usia lebih tua (>40 tahun) dan IMT kelebihan berat badan (25 kg/m3 -30 kg/m3) dan obesitas (≥30 kg/m3). Namun untuk faktor risiko jenis kelamin lebih banyak pada laki-laki dan pada yang sudah berhenti atau tidak pernah merokok, yang mana hasil ini merupakan penemuan baru yang berbeda dari teori dan penelitian sebelumnya sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut beserta faktor risiko lainnya.

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Until 2021, the IDF reports that around 537 million adults live with diabetes and that number is projected to continue to increase, and 90% of them are type 2. One of the main factors that can increase the risk of type 2 Diabetes mellitus is air pollution, including PM2.5 pollutants. However, research on this topic has not been widely studied, especially in Indonesia, so to examine further, this study was conducted to determine the description of factors related to PM2.5 exposure and individual factors in increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a systematic review of the literature. A total of 12 literatures in the form of scientific journal articles from various countries published in 2013-2021 were synthesized in this study. Based on a systematic study, it is known that the risk factors for long-term PM2.5 exposure, high PM2.5 concentrations, and living in densely populated areas, close to roads, and in areas with industrial activity can increase the risk of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. They may be more vulnerable in the population with an older age (> 40 years) and a BMI of overweight (25 kg/m3-30 kg/m3) or obese (30 kg/m3). However, the risk factors for sex are higher in men and in those who have stopped or have never smoked, which is a new finding that is different from previous theories and research, so further research needs to be done along with other risk factors."

"Benzena merupakan cairan tidak berwarna yang memiliki bau khas dan bersifat toksik yang dapat terkonsentrasi di udara ambien sebagai zat pencemar udara. Salah satu penggunaan Benzena adalah menjadi unsur pokok pada bahan bakar di mana dia berperan sebagai bahan pengikat oktan dan anti-knock dengan konsentrasi 1-5 sehingga Benzena dapat terkonsentrasi udara dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor dan gas uap dari staisun pengisian bahan bakar. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengestimasi tingkat risiko kesehatan pajanan Benzena di udara terhadap siswa-siswi di SMPN 16 Bandung yang dekat dengan sumber pencemar Benzena. Penelitian dilakukan pada Mei-Juni 2017 dengan metode yang digunakan adalah Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan ARKL. Dari penelitian didapatkan hasil konsentrasi Benzena di udara ambien memiliki rata-rata sebesar <0,316 mg/m3.

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Benzene is a toxic colorless liquid which has sweet odor that can be concentrated in ambient air as pollutant. Benzene is used as constituent element in fuels which has function to bind octant and as anti knock with concentration of 1 5 , so that Benzene can be released to ambient air from vehicle exhaust gases and vapor gases from fueling stations. This study was conducted to estimate the health risk of exposure to air Benzene among the student at SMPN 16 Bandung which is located close to the source of pollutants Benzene. The study run during May June 2017 using Environmental Health Risk Analysis EHRA. The result showed that Benzene concentration in ambient air had average of <0,316 mg/m3."

"Dampak penting dari semburan Lumpur panas adalah pencemaran lingkungan salah satunya adalah kenaikan intensitas bau. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi H2S, persepsi masyarakat tentang gangguan kesehatan dari H2S, menghitung perkiraan risiko dan pencegahannya. Variabel penelitian adalah konsentrasi H2S, persepsi tentang gangguan kesehatan (iritasi mata, sakit kepala, dizzines, hyperpnoea, apnoea, asphyxia).Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran langsung dan kuesioner. Pemilihan lokasi adalah purposive dan responden dengan simple random. Hasil dan pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi H2S diatas bakumutu Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996. Uji Pearson Chi Square adalah Ҳ<0,05 antara konsentrasi H2S dengan iritasi mata, sakit kepala, dizzines dan hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05). Pajanan risiko tinggi sebesar 0?0,91 mgkg-1hari-1 (HQ 0- 1825,3) dan risiko rendah 0-0,0011 mgkg-1hari-1 (HQ 0-3,29). Pencegahan risiko dengan meningkatkan kondisi, nutrisi dan penggunaan APD.Kesimpulan dan saran penelitian ini rata-rata konsentrasi H2S di atas 0,2 ppm. Karakterisasi risiko pajanan sebagaian besar adalah diatas dosis harian yang aman, untuk itu disarankan meningkatkan kondisi dan tidak sering kontak langsung pada sumber.

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The major impacts of the Torrent of Hot Mud which happened in May 2006 in Sidoarjo are the changes in environment, social and economy. Another impact which has been identified is the increase of odor intensity which is suspected to be originated from an air pollutan H2S. A smelling disorder happened in which the intensity of odor is predicted to have caused the air pollution in areas surrounding the spewing of hot mud in Sidoarjo.Based on the result of the test conducted by Ministry of Environmental (KLH), it is discovered there are a number pollutants the concentration which are above the standard quality of odor and H2S is one of them. H2S gas is a colorless gas with a strong odor similar to the smell of a rotten egg. A high concentration of H2S can react with tears and sweat resulting sulfuric acid and bring about impacts such as eyes and skin irritation. In addition, exposure to H2S with the concentration 0f 0,025?25 ppm in human requires human to use breathing aid. Problem this research is there isn?t environmental pollution for study of health risk mon environment.Based on evaluation result of the acquired data, the topics of the destination in this research are 1) to find out about the concentration of H2S in the affected areas and to find out about the difference of H2S concentration in the areas with a high risk and the areas with a low risk, 2) to find out about perception of community about odor intensity 3) to find out about perception of community about health problems or not and whether there is a difference between concentration of H2S with the distribution 6 health problems and the duration of stay, age, education, income and job, 4) to calculation about the level of exposure from the pollutan indicator H2S, 5) to calculation about the level characterization of risk from the pollutan indicator H2S,6) to choice about alternative prevention and control. The variables of this research are H2S, distance from the center of torrent of the mud to the points of sampling location, the data on the 6 health problems (eyes irritation, headache, dizziness, asphyxia, apnea and hyperpnoea) which the community suffer and the data consisting of duration of stay, age, sex, education, job and income.The data collection is conducted by direct measurement, and interview with a xii questionnaire. The calculation of exposure and risk characterization (hazard quotient (HQ)) is to determine the exposure level of the pollutan H2S. The selection of location for the research is based on the areas affected by purposive sampling. The size of sample is determined by the size of the population and 10% of trust level, and the selection of respondents is based on the simple random.The data analysis is conducted to find out about the significant difference on the fourth problems. Result for this research is concentration of H2S in that location is above the standard quality as established by the decree of Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996 especially for Siring District, perception of community about health problems gotten there is different significant between concentration of H2S with eye irritation, headache, dizziness and hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05). Pollution of H2S not influence with losing of job, education and income. Risk assessment with a high risk had intake 0-0,91 mgkg-1day-1(HQ=0-1825,3) and area with a low risk had intake 0,0011 mgkg-1day-1. Average HQ score above from reference concentration. To control effort with wear self protection equipment, masks, glasses and avoiding frequent, direct contacts with the source.Conclusion from this research are 1) The result of the analysis in the location with a low risk shows that the concentration of H2S in that location is above the standard quality as established by the decree of Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996, 2) perception of community in high risk area about smell of odor is seldom (57%) smell (57%) and in the low risk area is often (63%) strong of smell (76%), 3) Pearson Chi square test show there is significant difference in concentration of H2S with 4 health problems are eye irritation, headache, dizziness and hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05), 4) The calculation of the exposure score in the area with the highest risk is 0-0,91 mgkg- 1day-1 and in an area with a low risk it is 0, 0011 mgkg-1day-1, 5) the HQ score in a high risk is 0-1825,3 and in a low risk it is 0-3,29. In a high risk environment, it shows that the HQ score is much bigger than the HQ score in a low risk environment, 6) HQ score > 1 shows that there is a risk of health problems in the affected community. For the reason, it is necessary to carry out the alternative control effort both in areas with a high risk and in areas with a low risk with to wear self protection equipment, masks, glasses and avoiding frequent, direct contacts with the source and decides desease vector are to correct environment , quality of drinking and to correct immune of host. From the result and the discussion, the recommendation is: Regulatory of H2S had intake above reference concentration, avoid recommending re-investigate and necessary to integrated study of environment risk assessment."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan gas hidrogen sulfida terhadap anak-anak di sekitar TPA Galuga, Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai RQ < 1 untuk efek pajanan realtime, pajanan lifespan, dan pajanan pola aktivitas singkat aktivitas istirahat atau tidur, aktivitas ringan, aktivitas sedang, aktivitas berat. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan nilai RQ < 1 berarti pajanan H2S tidak memiliki risiko yang berarti untuk anak-anak yang berada di pemukiman penduduk di sekitar TPA Galuga. Namun, anak-anak memiliki gangguan kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan efek kesehatan yang dapat ditimbulkan pajanan gas H2S, yaitu gangguan ISPA sebanyak 43 anak 48,3 dan iritasi mata sebanyak 21 anak 23,6. Hasil analisis uji T pada riwayat gangguan ISPA dan gangguan iritasi mata dengan intake individu menyatakan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata intake realtime kelompok responden yang tidak mengalami gangguan kesehatan dengan kelompok responden yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Hal ini dikarenakan pengukuran kejadian hanya dilihat berdasarkan kejadian sesaat bukan dalam suatu periode. "

"Peningkatan kendaraan transportasi menyebabkan pencemaran udara. PM2,5 polutan utama memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kesehatan. Kondisi cekungan Bandung menyebabkan polutan terperangkap karena penyebaran polutan terhambat. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis risiko kesehatan pada remaja siswa SMPN 16 Bandung akibat pajanan inhalasi PM2,5 di lingkungan sekolah. Desain studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan ARKL . Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 dilakukan pada 10 titik menggunakan Haz Dust EPAM 5000. Sampel siswa kelas VIII sebanyak 66 siswa yang dipilih secara acak. Rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5 sebesar 29,34 g/m3 , masih di bawah nilai baku mutu menurut PP Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 65 g/Nm3. Adanya peningkatan Intake realtime, 3 tahun dan 12 tahun secara berturut-turut 7.53x10-5, 1.25x10-4, 5.02x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Intake PM2,5 tinggi pada siswa dengan berat badan rendah dibandingkan dengan siswa dengan berat badan yang besar. Estimasi risiko kesehatan dinyatakan sebagai risk quotient RQ yang dihitung dari rata-rata intake pajanan PM2,5 terhadap siswa dan dosis referensi RfC , RQ>1 menunjukkan risiko perlu dikendalikan. Hasil analisis dengan durasi pajanan realtime, 3 tahun, dan 12 tahun menunjukkan batas aman terhadap pajanan PM2,5 RQ < 1 . Secara keseluruhan siswa kelas VIII tidak berisiko terhadap pajanan inhlasi PM2,5 di Lingkungan sekolah.

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Increase in transport vehicles causes air pollution. Major pollutant of PM2.5 provides an enormous impact on health. Basin condition in Bandung causes the pollutants to be trapped because the pollutant cannot be released. The aim of this research is to analyze the health risks of junior high school students of SMPN 16 Bandung due to PM2.5 inhalation exposure in the school environment by using Environmental Health Risk Assessment method. PM2.5 concentration assessment was conducted at 10 points with a sample of 66 students rsquo grade VIII selected randomly. The average concentration of PM2.5, which was 29.34 g m3 was still below the standard value regulated by Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999 65 g Nm3. The increased in real time intake for 3 years and 12 years respectively were 7.53x10 5, 1.25x10 4, 5.02x10 4 mg kg day. PM2.5 intake was higher in students with light weight than students with heavy weight. Estimated health risks was expressed as risk quotient RQ calculated from the average of PM2.5 exposure intake on students and reference dose RfC , RQ 1 indicated the risk needed to be controlled. The results of the analysis with the duration of real time exposure for 3 years and 12 years showed a safe limit to PM2.5 exposure RQ. "

"Pajanan partikulat dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada sistem pernapasan dan kardiovaskular serta kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui konsentrasi pajanan partikulat di PKB Cilincing. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengukur pajanan personal pada petugas uji mekanis dan area pada kantor dan pengujian. Rata-rata konsentrasi pajanan personal PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.25 pada petugas uji mekanis : 342.26 g/m3; 232.23 g/m3; 190.58 g/m3; dan 140.10 g/m3, ruangan kantor : 208.05 g/m3; 168.87 g/m3; 149.18 g/m3; 110.42 g/m3, dan pengujian : 213,50 g/m3; 130.24 g/m3; 100,42 g/m3; 47,25 g/m3. Perbedaan konsentrasi pajanan partikulat dapat terjadi karena perbedaan ukuran dan jenis kendaraan, lokasi, serta jenis pengujian.

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Exposure to vehicle emission particulates has been known to cause death and health effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This study conducted to determine concentration of PM2.5 in Vehicle Emission Testing Centre, Cilincing unit, by collecting personal exposure on emission inspector, at office and testing area. Average personal exposure concentration of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.25 were 342.26 g m3 232.23 g m3 190.58 g m3 dan 140.10 g m3, office area 208.05 g m3 168.87 g m3 149.18 g m3 110.42 g m3 testing area 213,50 g m3 130.24 g m3 100,42 g m3 47,25 g m3. Concentration of particulate matter may different due to size and types of vehicles, location, and types of vehicle testing."