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"Tulisan ini membahas empat kasus perdagangan heroin di Kota New York, Amerika Serikat sebagai bentuk transnational organized crime. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah analisis data sekunder yang bersumber dari data lembaga dan berita online tentang perdagangan heroin transnasional di Kota New York. Analisis dalam tulisan ini menggunakan teori social embeddedness untuk menjelaskan hubungan sosial dan lingkungan sosial aktor dan kerangka konsep transnational organized crime untuk menjelaskan pola kejahatan. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa aktor merupakan individu rasional yang melakukan perdagangan heroin karena menguntungkan secara materi hingga miliaran rupiah. Namun hal ini tidak dapat berdiri sendiri. Perdagangan heroin merupakan aktivitas ilegal yang menyebabkan aktivitas ini penuh dengan resiko dan ketidakpastian. Kesamaan latar belakang sosial, seperti kewarganegaraan, jenis kelamin, dan umur menciptakan kepercayaan. Kepercayaan mengurangi resiko dan ketidakpastian pada perdagangan heroin transnasional. Pada perdagangan heroin transnasional juga ditemukan Asia Selatan sebagai wilayah yang mendominasi asal kewarganegaraan aktor dan di mana heroin berasal. Ditemukan juga pola aktivitas perdagangan heroin transnasional yang meliputi produksi, impor dan distribusi. Kesamaan modus operandi juga ditemukan pada sebagian besar kasus yang dikelompokan menjadi tahapan yang meliputi komunikasi/negosiasi, pengiriman sampel, komunikasi/negosiasi kembali, dan impor. Adapun reaksi penegak hukum pada setiap kasus menunjukan kesamaan, yaitu dengan dibentuknya operasi investigasi melalui pendekatan multi lembaga.

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This paper discusses four cases of heroin trafficking in City of New York, United States as a form of transnational organized crime by focusing on the social relations of actors and crime patterns. The writing method in this paper is secondary data analysis derived from institutional data and news articles about the transnational heroin trade in City of New York. The analysis in this paper uses the theory of social embeddedness to explain social relations and the social environment of actors and the framework of the concept of transnational organized crime to explain patterns of crime.. The results of the analysis shows that the actor is a rational individual who trades heroin because it is materially profitable up to billions of rupiah. But this cannot stand alone. The heroin trade is an illegal activity which makes this activity full of risk and uncertainty. Similarity in social background, such as nationality, gender, and age creates trust. Trust reduces risk and uncertainty in the transnational heroin trade. In the transnational heroin trade, South Asia is also found as the region that dominates the origin of the actor's nationality and where heroin originates. The pattern of transnational heroin trading activity was also found which includes production, import and distribution. The same modus operandi was also found in most of the cases which were grouped into stages which included communication/negotiation, giving samples, re-communicating/re-negotiating, and importing. The reactions of law enforcement in each case show similarities, namely the establishment of an investigative operation through a multi institutional approach."

"Outspoken, no-nonsense and eminently fascinating, Joseph M. Arpaio has captured the public's imagination from his first day as sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona, in 1992. He has become an icon, not only in his own state, but all over the world. For almost 15 years, he has maintained an unprecedented 80 per cent approval rating. Famous for his 'get smart and get tough' approach to jails, Arpaio conceived The Tent City Jail where he houses his inmates in surplus army tents left over from the Korean War. Known as the 'Alcatraz of Arizona,' the jail features chain gangs, discipline, and a complete absence of luxuries of any kind. By eliminating all comforts for his inmates, he has managed to shave $500,000 annually from the cost of keeping prisoners.To his ardent followers, he is a hero, for both his toughness on crime and his humane touch. While his opponents decry him for his iron-fisted approach, especially regarding prisoners, no one can deny that Sheriff Joe is one of the country's most respected and innovative elected officials. "Joe's Law" is an uncensored account of the man himself. With candor and insight, he reveals his views not only on criminal justice, but on some of the most seminal issues that affect our country today. As the first law enforcement official in the country to place arrested illegal immigrants in jail pending trial, Arpaio tackles the issue of illegal immigration head on, which he argues, affects every other aspect of law enforcement as well as broader problems, from health care to education and taxes.Despite his tough-as-nails reputation, Arpaio offers innovative and fair ways to solve crime and save taxpayer's money in his own state and shows how they can be applied to solve our own nation's problems. Compelling and courageous, this is an unflinching look at some of America's most pressing social problems, and one man's revolutionary vision for eliminating them."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang strategis pembangunan sistem informasi pecandu narkotika yang merupakan usaha dalam pemutusan jaringan peredaran gelap narkoba,hal ini dapat diperoleh dari informasi yang diberikan oleh pecandu narkoba pada institusi penerima wajib lapor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pembangunan sistem informasi pecandu narkotika dengan mengeksplorasi faktor penghambat atau kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembangunan sistem informasi pecandu di BNN dan menganalisis prioritas strategi dalam menghadapi permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam proses pelaksanaannya. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif denganmetode analisis AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Berdasarkan hasil analisis AHP, prioritas faktor penghambat atau kendala yang ditemukan dalam pembangunan sistem informasi pecandu narkotika adalah kriteria sumber daya manusia, kemudian arogansi antar instansi terkait, diikuti dengan stigma pecandu dan yang terakhir adalah anggaran/dana. Aktor yang berperan dalam pembentukan atau pembangunan sistem informasi pecandu narkotika adalah Badan Narkotika Nasional, diikuti dengan instansi terkait, dan faktor yang terakhir adalah pecandu narkotika. Perekrutan sdm yang ahli dan handal dalam pembangunan sistem informasi pecandu narkotika di BNN ini bukan berarti menyatakan bahwa strategi yang pertamadiperlukan dan strategi yang lain tidak diperlukan, tetapi penentuan prioritas ini hanya sebagai bantuan untuk menentukan strategi yang perlu didahulukan apabila untuk melakukan seluruh strategi secara simultan mengalami kendala. Bagaimanapun, pelaksanaan seluruh strategi secara simultan akan menghasilkan pencapaian tujuan yang lebih optimal.

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This thesis discusses the development of strategic information system drug addict who is a business in illicit drug trafficking network disconnection, this can be obtained from the information provided by drug addicts at the recipient institution shall report. The goal of this study is to analyze development of strategic information system, explore the inhibiting factors or obstacles encountered in the development of information system in National Narcotics Board and analyze strategic priorty in dealing with problems that found in the implementation process. This study used a quantitative approach with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methode.

Based on AHP analysis, the priorityof inhibiting factors or constraints that are found in the construction of information systems is a drug addict human resource criteria, then arrogance among related institution, followed by stigma addicts and the last one is the budget. The actor who plays a role in the implementation of information systems development is a drug addict is a drug addict addict National Narcotics Board, followed by agencies, drug addicts.

Recruitmenr of human resourcers expert and reliable in drug addicts? information system developing strategic in BNN doesn?t mean that one strategy is more important than the other. It is only as a guidance to determine which strategy to do first when simultaneous implementation can not be done. However, implementation of all strategies simultaneously will make a better achievement."

"Fokus dari penulisan karya tulis ini adalah untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana pandangan tiga paradigma dalam studi ilmu hubungan internasional terhadap keputusan Amerika Serikat untuk bekerja sama dengan Meksiko dalam Merida Initiative. Melalui paradigma realisme menganalisis Merida Initiative sebagai kerangka rezim keamanan yang ingin dibentuk oleh Amerika Serikat., sedangkan paradigma neoliberalisme institusionalis melihat keuntungan yang diperoleh dari pembentukan institusi ini, sementara konstruktivisme lebih melihat kepada ide politisasi isu keamanan dan mengkonstruksi persepsi ancamanya kepada Amerika Serikat.

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The focus of the writing of this paper is to show how three paradigms in the study of international relations sees the U.S. decision to cooperate with Mexico in the Merida Initiative. Realism perceive Merida Initiative as a framework to analyze the security regime to be formed by the United States., While neoliberal institutionalist paradigm notice the benefits of the establishment of this institution, while looking at the idea of ​​constructivism over the securitization of security issues in United States."