Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Promoting Community's Pro-activeness in Confronting Natural Hazards through Community Based Disaster Management Organisation: The Case of Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung MerapiDue to its particular geo-morphological conditions, Indonesia has experienced numerous natural hazards of different types and frequencies. These natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, and landslides in most cases have led to natural disasters. Indonesia is placed third by the Asian Development Bank in its observation of 13 - Asian countries most susceptible to natural disasters Philippines and India, in terms of severity of the disasters and their cumulative frequencies of occurrence. Whereas a number of global decisions have been taken that signify the need to pay proper attention to disaster management as part of development, regretfully disaster management policy and programs in this disaster prone country have only been rhetoric. Measures by the Government, private sector and civil society including NGOs are largely relief and rehabilitation oriented rather than focusing on prevention and preparedness.

Relief responses invariably put the community affected by the natural disaster at the receiving end of assistance rather than actively involve the community in the process of the disaster management. This raises concerns since it is the affected community that suffers the most from any impacts of disaster occurrences, but at the same time it is inevitably the affected community that is in the position to provide initial assistance to the natural disaster victims. In addition to the lack of supports, efforts to promote disaster preparedness at the affected community level are challenged by the apprehension that the affected community adopts a fatalistic attitude in dealing with natural disasters. There is an assumption that particularly in developing countries, natural disasters have been accepted as acts of God over which communities have no control. Encouragingly, literature and cases from other countries have suggested that disaster management is most effective at the community level where specific local needs are met. They have also suggested the plausibility of establishing and developing a community based organization to perform the disaster management.

Looking into the country situation, however, there has been insufficient knowledge about community based disaster management organizations in Indonesia. Since this issue has not been addressed, this research studied Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung (PASAG) Merapi. This organization has been assumed to provide empirical evidence to answer the central research question of the plausibility of establishing and developing a community based disaster management organization in Indonesia. The study develops a framework to seek answer(s) to the ultimate question of whether PASAG (Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung) Merapi is indeed a community based disaster management organization. The answer(s) will be utilized to explain the above-presumed plausibility.

The framework explores the community based modality and disaster management proficiency dimensions of the study subject. The dimensions are further examined by assessment areas derived from the combination of the insights provided by the theories on Reasoned Actions, Disaster Management and Community Based Organization. The assessment areas within the community based modality dimension are:

1. the geographic proximity as the setting of the organization;

2. the shared problems the organization attempts to address;

3. its relation toward the government; and

4. its ability to accommodate issues arising in the community.

As to the other dimension, the study identified PASAG's proficiency in disaster management by assessing how far the organization applies risk reduction principles of hazard mitigation and vulnerability reduction as well as capacity strengthening measures in the pre-disaster phase. This research has focused on the pre-disaster phase due to the combined reasons of the limited scope of the study and the attribute of the phase indicative of a more pro-active attitude toward natural hazards compared to measures undertaken during and post disaster phases. The assessment areas on the proficiency in disaster management dimension are:

1. PASAG's performance to mitigate hazards in preparedness measures;

2. PASAG's performance to strengthen community's capacity for preparedness;

3. PASAG's performance to mitigate hazards in prevention measures; and

4. PASAG's performance to strengthen community's capacity for prevention

The assessment of both the community based modality and disaster management proficiency of Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung (PASAG) Merapi has provided sufficient evidence that this organization is a community based disaster management organization. This affirmative answer to the research question has confirmed the viability of establishing and developing such an organization in Indonesia. The case of PASAG also proves that the community has acquired competence in "deconstructing" (assessing and addressing) nature-induced disasters. This competence, which has enabled the community to exercise a calculated course of actions against natural hazards, is transferable to tackle other challenges namely political, economic, social, and environmental imperatives of community development as suggested by the Holistic Approach to disasters. The case, thus, has demonstrated how the Holistic Approach and its derivative Risk Reduction Paradigm, in which Community Based Disaster Management is anchored, at work advocating for the goal of Community Development for which a community based disaster management organization will play a significant role.

Arriving at this positive conclusion, the study puts forward academic recommendations including a proposed model of facilitating the establishment of a community based disaster management organization, recommendations for enabling policy in the area of disaster management, and practical suggestions for those involved in and committed to the development of PASAG Merapi."

"Dealing with volcanic and seismic activity, this book comprises eighteen papers, most of which were presented at an international seminar organized and held at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 2001. It addresses geodetic, geophysical and geochemical effects; monitoring; and theoretical modelling of volcanic and seismic processes."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang tingkat kerentanan letusan Gunung Gede pada daerah sekitar Gunung Gede dan juga tingkat risiko bencana letusan Gunung Gede di Kecamatan Cipanas dengan menghitung pengaruh faktor bahaya, kerentanan dan kapasitas. Untuk menghasilkan kelompok desa rentan yang memiliki kemiripan data digunakan metode K-Means Cluster. Terdapat 44 desa/kelurahan di Kabupaten Cianjur dan Kabupaten Sukabumi yang berada di wilayah bahaya letusan Gunung Gede. Desa yang memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi memiliki karateristik lokasi berbatasan langsung dengan lokasi puncak Gunung Gede sehingga faktor bahaya menjadi faktor utama tingginya tingkat kerentanan disuatu desa, karateristik ini dimiliki oleh desa-desa di Kabupaten CIanjur. Kerentanan tinggi juga ditemukan pada daerah - daerah yang tidak berbatasan langsung dengan lokasi Gunung Gede namun memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi dikarenakan faktor kerentanan sosial,ekonomi dan fisik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan desa lain, karateristik ini dimiliki oleh desa-desa di Kabupaten Sukabumi yang berbatasan langsung dengan Kota Sukabumi. Nilai perkiraan kerugian akibat letusan Gunung Gede di Kecamatan Cipanas diperkirakan sebesar Rp 251,29 MilIar. Risiko letusan gunung gede dengan kelas risiko tinggi memiliki karateristik kerugian yang tinggi akibat bahaya letusan dan memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi. Desa dengan risiko rendah memiliki karateristik sebagian besar variabelnya memiliki nilai dibawah rata-rata dan juga memiliki kapasitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan desa lain.

---

This study discusses the vulnerability of the eruption of Mount Gede in the area around Mount Gede and also the level of risk of the eruption of Mount Gede in District Cipanas with calculate the influence of factors hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities. The generate of susceptible vilages that have similar data using KMeans Cluster. There are 44 villages in Cianjur and Sukabumi district who are in the danger zone eruption of Mount Gede. Villages that have a high of vulnerability has a characteristic location immediately adjacent to the location of the summit of Mount Gede, so the main danger factor to the high level of vulnerability factors sector in the village, this characteristic is owned by the village - the village in Cianjur. And also high vulnerability was found in the area - areas not directly adjacent to the location of Mount Gede, but has a high degree of vulnerability due to the vulnerability factors of social, economic and physical higher than other villages, this characteristic is owned by the village - the village in Sukabumi district directly adjacent to the Sukabumi City. Estimated value losses due to the eruption of Mount Gede in Cipanas district is estimated at Rp 251.29 billion. The risk of big volcanic eruptions with a high risk class has a characteristic high losses due to the danger of the eruption and has a high of vulnerability. Villages with a low risk of having most of the characteristics variables have a value below the average and also has a higher capacity than the other villages."

"Kondisi geografis dan geologis wilayah Indonesia membuat lokasi di negara tersebut rawan terhadap bencana. Provinsi Jawa Barat sendiri berada dalam wilayah yang memiliki kelas risiko bencana sedang hingga tinggi untuk tahun 2015-2018. Berdasarkan data yang terekam, jenis bencana tertinggi yang terjadi di Provinsi Jawa Barat berupa tanah longsor sebanyak 3.232 kali di Tahun 2020. Penanganan yang diambil pasca bencana sering kali dirasa terburu-buru sehingga kerusakan akan terjadi kembali di lokasi yang sama, sehingga dibutuhkan penanganan kembali yang membutuhkan biaya konstruksi yang lebih tinggi. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan kajian terhadap risiko bencana. Penelitian difokuskan terhadap risiko bencana tanah longsor yang berdampak pada jalan dan jembatan pada ruas jalan nasional di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Dengan didapatkannya titik-titik lokasi rawan bencana, diharapkan mampu diberikan rekomendasi teknis yang tepat untuk mengurangi dampak bencana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan studi literatur, pengumpulan data primer melalui survey lapangan, dan pengumpulan data sekunder melalui instansi terkait. Analisis indeks risiko dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode AHP, di mana pembobotan faktor dan indikator didapat berdasarkan hasil survey dari responden para ahli. Dari 5 faktor yang dianalisis, diperoleh bahwa faktor ancaman bahaya merupakan faktor yang paling dominan terhadap risiko bencana tanah longsor. Tingkat risiko bencana tanah longsor pada ruas jalan nasional di Provinsi Jawa Barat terklarifikasi ke dalam tiga tingkatan, yaitu 61 ruas jalan nasional (63%) berada pada klasifikasi rendah, 27 ruas jalan nasional (28%) berada pada klasifikasi sedang, dan 9 ruas jalan nasional (9%) berada pada klasifikasi tinggi.

---

Geographical and geological areas in Indonesia are prone to disasters. West Java Province itself is in an area that has a moderate to high level of disaster risk in 2015-2018. Based on recorded data, the highest type of disaster that occurred in West Java Province was landslides as many as 3,232 times in 2020. The improper maintenance treatment taken after the disaster is often felt rushed so that the distresses will occur again at the same spot, hence re-treatment is needed which requires higher construction costs. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study of disaster risk. The research is focused on the natural disaster risk of landslides that have an impact on roads and bridges on national roads in West Java Province. By obtaining disaster-prone locations, it is hoped that appropriate technical recommendations can be given to reduce the impact of disasters. The research method used is by conducting a literature study, collecting primary data through field surveys, and collecting secondary data through relevant agencies. The risk index analysis was carried out by using the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, where the weighting of factors and indicators was obtained based on survey results from expert respondents. Of the 5 factors analyzed, it was found that the vulnerability factor was the most dominant factor in the risk of landslides. The risk level of landslides on national roads in West Java Province is clarified into three levels, which 61 sections (63%) are in the low risk level, 27 sections (27%) are in the moderate risk level, and 9 sections (9%) are in the high risk level."

"Wilayah Kabupaten Cilacap khsusunya wilayah selatan Kecamatan Adipala berpotensi terhadap bahaya gempabumi. Gempabumi sebesar 6,2 magnitudo pernah mengguncang Cilacap pada tanggal 25 Januari 2014. Studi mengenai kerentanan dan bahaya gempabumi akan sangat membantu untuk penilaian resiko maupun program mitigasi. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tipologi kawasan rawan bencana gempabumi di wilayah selatan Kecamatan Adipala, Kabupaten Cilacap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode matriks pembobotan kestabilan wilayah yang berpedoman pada Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pedoman Penataan Ruang menunjukan skor akhir untuk Wilayah Selatan Kecamatan Adipala adalah 31-54 yang mana masuk kedalam semua kategori kestabilan yaitu stabil, kurang stabil dan tidak stabil. Menurut nilai kestabilan tipologi, wilayah Selatan Kecamatan Adipala diklasifikasikan menjadi Tipe A, Tipe B, Tipe C, Tipe D, dan Tipe E. Dimana Tipe A merupakan tipe yang paling stabil karena jauh dari zona sesar dan disusun oleh batuan yang keras sedangkan Tipe E adalah tipe yang paling tidak stabil yang mana disusun oleh batuan lunak serta berada tepat pada zona sesar.

---

The Cilacap Regency area, particularly the southern region of the Adipala District, is susceptible to earthquake hazards. An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 once shook Cilacap on January 25, 2014. Studies on vulnerability and earthquake hazards are highly beneficial for risk assessment and mitigation programs. The aim of this research is to analyze the typology of earthquake-prone areas in the southern region of Adipala District, Cilacap Regency. This research uses the regional stability weighting matrix method, guided by the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 21 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning Guidelines, which indicates that the final scores for the Southern Region of Adipala District range from 31 to 54, encompassing all stability categories: stable, less stable, and unstable. According to the stability typology values, the southern region of Adipala District is classified into Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, and Type E. Type A is the most stable type, being far from fault zones and composed of hard rocks, whereas Type E is the least stable type, composed of soft rocks and located directly on fault zones."

"Bencana alam merupakan fenomena alam yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian. Berdasarkan data IRBI, Kab. Garut berada di posisi ke-12 dari 514 kabupaten/kota dengan indeks risiko tanah longsor tertinggi. Terdapat enam faktor utama penyebab longsor, yaitu curah hujan, kemiringan kelerengan, tanah jenis, jenis tutupan lahan, geologi, dan adanya getaran. penentuan zona patahan yang berpotensi menjadi sumber getaran atau gempa dapat diidentifikasi menggunakan data gravitasi.  Dengan memanfaatkan data gravitasi yang bersumber dari GGMplus, data gravitasi diolah hingga analisis derivatif untuk menentukan zona patahan. Data lain yang juga diolah adalah DEM serta data curah hujan. Peta hasil pengolahan kemudian dilakukan overlay dengan data tutupan lahan, geologi, dan jenis tanah untuk dilakukan pembobotan berdasarkan standar dari DVMBG yang telah dimodifikasi. Keberadaan zona patahan yang banyak terdapat di daerah selatan telah berhasil diidentifikasi dari data gravitasi dan dikonfirmasi dari Peta Geologi Lembar Garut. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa daerah utara Kab. Garut memiliki tingkat kerawanan longsor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan daerah selatan dimana zona patahan yang telah teridentifikasi tersebar di bagian selatan Kab. Garut.

---

Natural disasters are natural phenomena that can occur anywhere and anytime, so that they can result in material and non-material losses. Based on IRBI data, Kab. Garut is in the 12th position out of 514 districts/cities with the highest landslide risk index. There are six main factors that cause landslides, rainfall, slope level, soil density, type of land cover, geology, and vibration. the determination of fault zones that have the potential to be a source of vibration or earthquake can be identified using gravity data. By utilizing gravity data sourced from GGMplus, gravity data is processed to derivative analysis to determine fault zones. Other data that is also processed is DEM and rainfall data. The processed map is then overlaid with data on land cover, geology, and soil type for weighting based on the modified DVMBG standard. The existence of a fault zone that is mostly found in the southern area has been identified from the gravity data and confirmed from the Geological Map of the Garut Sheet. The results of the study show that the northern area of ​​Kab. Garut has a lower level of landslide susceptibility than the southern area where the fault zones that have been identified are scattered in the southern part of Kab. Garut."

"Gempa dan rangkaian fenomena khusus di Palu dan berbagai belahan dunia mengakibatkan likuifaksi yang melibatkan korban jiwa dan kerugian ekonomi yang luar biasa. Evaluasi potensi likuifaksi berdasarkan data standard penetration test (SPT) menggunakan pendekatan deterministik telah digunakan secara luas. Model indeks likuifaksi diperlukan untuk penetapan kurva kondisi batas antara kasus likuifaksi dan non-likuifaksi dengan mempertimbangkan masalah bias dalam metode deterministik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan model indeks likuifaksi sebagai relasi antara (N1)60 dan CSR7,5 menggunakan multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) untuk penyusunan kurva kondisi batas dan perbandingannya dengan model dari penelitian terdahulu. Model indeks likuifaksi yang dibangun berdasarkan data SPT menggunakan MGGP menghasilkan performa keberhasilan prediksi 93% untuk testing datasets.

---

Earthquake and series of specific phenomena in Palu and any other parts of the world contributed to a liquefaction that was involving massive fatalities and economic loss. The evaluation of liquefaction potential based on standard penetration test (SPT) data using deterministic approach has been widely applied. A liquefaction index model is required for the determination of a limit state between liquefaction and non-liquefaction cases by the consideration of bias issues in deterministic method. This research is aimed at the determination of liquefaction index model in relating (N1)60 and CSR7.5 using multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) to develop limit state curve and its comparison with previous studies. The developed liquefaction index model based on SPT data using MGGP resulted in a performance in terms of successful prediction of 93% for testing of datasets."

"Gerakan tanah merupakan bahaya geologi utama di dunia yang menyebabkan tingginya jumlah korban manusia hingga kerugian harta benda yang sangat besar, serta mengakibatkan kerusakan pada sumber daya alam, ekosistem, dan infrastruktur. Selama periode Januari 2020 hingga Desember 2021, bancana gerakan tanah telah menjadi bencana yang paling rawan terjadi di Kabupaten Wonosobo, yakni sebanyak 238 kejadian. Bahkan, beberapa dari kejadian tersebut memakan korban jiwa yakni satu orang meninggal dunia di Kecamatan Kaliwiro, satu orang meninggal dunia di Kecamatan Kepil, dan dua orang meninggal dunia di Kecamatan Watumalang. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini dilakukan agar dapat menentukan zona kerentanan gerakan tanah yang berguna dalam membantu proses mitigasi risiko sehingga segala bentuk kerugian dapat diminimalisasi. Zona kerentanan gerakan tanah pada Kabupaten Wonosobo divisualisasikan dengan peta kerentanan gerakan tanah. Sebanyak 242 titik gerakan tanah dikumpulkan untuk menghasilkan peta inventori. Titik tersebut kemudian dibagi menjadi 168 (70%) sebagai data training dan 74 (30%) sebagai data testing. Parameter yang dipertimbangkan terdiri dari berbagai parameter penyebab seperti aspek lereng, curvature, elevasi, kemiringan lereng, jarak dari sungai, litologi, tata guna lahan dan satu parameter pemicu, yaitu curah hujan. Selain itu, dilakukan pengurangan resolusi terhadap turunan data DEM seperti aspek lereng, curvature, elevasi, kemiringan lereng menjadi 8, 17, 25, dan 40 m untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap akurasi model. Semua parameter diolah menggunakan piranti ArcGIS untuk mengasilkan peta parameter. Peta parameter selanjutnya digabungkan dan dianalisis menggunakan metode frequency ratio dan weight of evidence untuk menghasilkan peta kerentanan gerakan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Wonosobo memiliki kecenderungan terhadap kerentanan gerakan tanah dengan tingkatan rendah, sedang, hingga tinggi. Berdasarkan data resolusi DEM 8 m dan 17 m, tingkatan kerentanan didominasi oleh kelas sedang. Namun pada data resolusi DEM 25 m dan 40 m, tingkatan kerentanan didominasi oleh kelas rendah. Peta kerentanan masing-masing resolusi kemudian diuji nilai AUC nya menggunakan success rate curve untuk melihat keberhasilan model dan prediction rate curve untuk mengukur akurasi prediksi model. Setelah dilakukan validasi, resolusi tinggi ternyata tidak berbanding lurus dengan kualitas akurasi model. Akurasi success rate mengalami puncaknya pada resolusi DEM 25 m sedangkan prediction rate pada resolusi DEM 17 m.

---

Landslide is a major geological hazard in the world that causes a high number of human casualties to enormous property losses, as well as causing damage to natural resources, ecosystems and infrastructure. During the period from January 2020 to December 2021, landslide disasters have become the most prone to disasters in Wonosobo Regency, with 238 incidents. In fact, some of these incidents claimed lives, namely one person died in Kaliwiro District, one person died in Kepil District, and two people died in Watumalang District. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to determine the susceptibility zones of landslide which are useful in assisting the risk mitigation process so that all forms of losses can be minimized. The landslide vulnerability zone in Wonosobo Regency is visualized with a landslide susceptibility map. A total of 242 landslide points were collected to produce an inventory map. These points are then divided into 168 (70%) as training data and 74 (30%) as testing data. The parameters considered consist of various causal parameters such as slope aspect, curvature, elevation, slope, distance from river, lithology, land use and one trigger parameter, namely rainfall. In addition, the resolution of the DEM data derivatives was reduced, such as slope aspects, curvature, elevation, slope to 8, 17, 25, and 40 m to see the effect on model accuracy. All parameters are processed using the ArcGIS tool to produce a parameter map. Then the parameter maps are combined and analyzed using the frequency ratio and weight of evidence methods to produce a landslide susceptibility map. The results of the study show that Wonosobo Regency has a tendency towards low, moderate and high susceptibility to landslide. Based on DEM 8 m and 17 m resolution data, the susceptibility level is dominated by the moderate class. However, in DEM 25 m and 40 m resolution data, the susceptibility level is dominated by the low class. Then the susceptibility map of each resolution is tested for AUC value using a success rate curve to see the success of the model and a prediction rate curve to measure the accuracy of model predictions. After validation, it turns out that high resolution is not directly proportional to the quality of the model accuracy. Success rate accuracy peaks at DEM 25 m resolution while prediction rate at DEM 17 m resolution."

"Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi di pulau jawa dengan aktivitas tektonik yang paling banyak. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pengaruh pergeseran lempeng Indo-Australia ke utara dan bertabrakan dengan lempeng Eurasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan peta kerentanan seismik di wilayah Jawa Timur berdasarkan nilai 𝒂 dan nilai 𝒃 serta nilai persentase tingkat resiko gempa bumi dan periode ulang di wilayah Jawa Timur sebagai upaya pengurangan resiko bencana gempa bumi berdasarkan prinsip hukum Gutenberg-Richter. Hasil didapatkan dengan mengamati grafik hubungan frekuensi kejadian gempa dan kekuatan gempa. Metode yang digunakan daam penelitian ini adalah maximum likelihood. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa wilayah Jawa Timur memiliki nilai a sebesar 12-28 dan nilai b sebesar 2-4,5 dengan bagian barat wilayah Jawa Timur berpotensi terjadi lebih bnayak gempa dibandingkan dengan bagian timur provinsi Jawa Timur. Nilai a dan b juga menunjukkan adanya korelasi dengan keberadaan sesar di Jawa Timur. Hasil perhitungan periode ulang dan probabilitas terjadinya gempa didapatkan periode ulang gempa M≥4 adalah 2 tahun 8 bulan dengan probabilitas terjadinya adalah P(20)=99%; P(40)=100%; P(60)=100%. Serta periode ulang gempa yang berpotensi merusak yaitu M≥5,8 adalah 83 tahun dan 2 bulan dengan probabilitas kejadiannya adalah P(20)=21%; P(40)=38%; P(60)=751%.

---

East Java is one of the provinces on the island of Java with the most tectonic activity. This is caused by the influence of the Indo-Australian plate shifting north and colliding with the Eurasian plate. This research aims to obtain a seismic vulnerability map in the East Java region based on the a and b values as well as the percentage value of the earthquake risk level and return period in the East Java region as an effort to reduce the risk of earthquake disasters based on the principles of the Gutenberg-Richter law. The results were obtained by observing the graph of the relationship between the frequency of earthquake events and the strength of the earthquake. The method used in this research is maximum likelihood. The research results state that the East Java region has an a value of 12-28 and a b value of 2-4.5 with the western part of the East Java region having the potential to experience more earthquakes compared to the eastern part of the East Java province. The values a and b also show a correlation with the presence of faults in East Java. The results of calculating the return period and probability of an earthquake occurring show that the return period for an M≥4 earthquake is 2 years 8 months with the probability of occurrence being P(20)=99%; P(40)=100%; P(60)=100%. And the return period for a potentially damaging earthquake, namely M≥5.8, is 83 years and 2 months with the probability of occurrence being P(20)=21%; P(40)=38%; P(60)=751%."