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"ABSTRAKThe present study investigated the relationship of nutritional status and work productivity of Indonesian female industrial workers who engaged in light activity. Anthropometrics, hemoglobin (Hb), work productivity, physical activity and several socioeconomic data were collected from 230 female cigarette industrial workers. Nutritional assessment of studied population showed that the average body mass index of studied population was 19.55 ± 2.33 kg/mz, which 41.3% of the workers were under nutrition which indicated by BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 and 40.4% were anemic while 13.9% of them were under nutrition and anemic. BMI showed a significant quadratic regression with work productivity (p<0.05). A classification for chronic energy deficiency (CED) using BMI of 18.5 as a cutoff point was related to the functional parameter of work productivity. Workers whose BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 had work productivity about four percent lower than those whose BMI above 18.5. Female workers whose BMI ranged of 18.5 --22.5 kg/re had the highest work productivity among others. Analysis of variance showed that anemic workers had significantly lower work productivity than the non-anemic workers (p<0.01). The anemic workers produced about five percent less output than the non-anemic workers. There was a linear regression between work productivity and hemoglobin level. Multiple regression analysis showed that increases in Hb levels, lean body mass and experience were significantly associated with increased work productivity (p<0.01). This study concluded that Hb, BMI and LBM were significantly related with work productivity. The better nourished workers as determined by BMI, LBM, and Hb levels were more productive than under-nourished workers also the more experienced workers had higher work productivity than the less-experienced workers."

"Anemia has long been recognized as a serious public health problem in many developing countries. WHO reported at an INACG meeting and estimated that 2 billion people were anemic. Based on the public health viewpoint, most cases of anemia are nutritional anemia and defined in the year 1968 WHO technical report as a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients, regardless ofthe cause of such deficiency.The causal relationship between iron deficiency and physical work capacity is evaluated through a systematic review of research literature, including animal and human studies. The presumed mechanism for this effect is the reduced oxygen transport associated with anemia; tissue iron deficiency may also play a role through reduced cellular oxidative capacity.The effects of anemia on physical activities and work performance have been studied in several countries such as Indonesia and China. A study in Indonesia found a significantly lower output of anemic Indonesian rubber plantation workers than the non-anemic workers. The Vietnam national survey in anemia l995 revealed that the prevalence of anemia was 40.2 % among non-pregnant women; it was also high among males around 20 %), whereas the prevalence of iron deficiency among non pregnant women was not very high (33.3 %). Therefore, multivitamin supplementation may reduce the anemia prevalence among Vietnamese non pregnant workers. Some main problems of an anemia control program (in scale of 113 districts of Vietnam) were side effects and the unpleasant taste of iron tablets; it caused the low compliance of iron tablet consumption. On the other hand, multi vitamin tablets have no side effect and have a palatable taste, thus it may be well accepted."

"Status gizi berperan dalam menentukan sukses tidaknya upaya peningkatan sumberdaya manusia. Prevalensi gizi kurang BB/U di Kabupaten Tangerang meningkat dari tahun 2007 sampai 2010 yaitu 7,2% menjadi 9,12%. Tujuan penelitian adalah dianalisisnya hubungan antara perilaku KADARZI, karakteristik keluarga dan balita dengan status gizi balita (12-59 bulan) di Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2011. Penilitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekuder hasil survey PSG KADARZI Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2011. Prevalensi balita gizi kurang (termasuk gizi buruk) 17,9%, pendek (termasuk sangat pendek) 32,9%, kurus (termasuk sangat kurus) 11,8%. Variabel yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan status gizi balita BB/U adalah menimbang balita secara teratur, riwayat ASI Eksklusif, menggunakan garam beryodium, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, usia ibu, besar keluarga, dan umur balita. Variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan status gizi PB/U atau TB/U sama dengan BB/U ditambah variabel konsumsi kapsul vitamin A. Berdasarkan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB adalah riwayat ASI Eksklusif, dan pendidikan ibu. Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan faktor dominan BB/U adalah pendidikan ibu, PB/U atau TB/U adalah pendidikan ayah. Sedangkan BB/PB atau BB/TB adalah riwayat ASI Eksklusif. Perlu adanya pendidikan gizi bagi keluarga.

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Nutritional status is one of the important indicator for human resources. From 2007 to 2010, prevalence of undernutrition increased from 7,2% to 9,12%. General objective of this study was to determine the relationship between family nutrition awareness (KADARZI), family and children under five characteristics with nutritional status of children under five (12-59 months) at Tangerang District in 2011. This quantitative study using cross sectional study design. The data were result from family nutrition awareness and nutritional status survey at Tangerang district in 2011. The analysis showed that the prevalence of underweight was found at 17,9%. stunted was found at 32,9%, wasted was found at 11,8%. Chi square test result showed that there was a significant association (p≤0.05) between growth monitoring, exclusive breastfeeding history, the use of iodized salt, father?s level of education, mother?s level of education, mother?s age, number of family members, and child?s age with nutritional status based on BB/U index. PB/U or TB/U index were the same as BB/U but added by vitamin A capsule intake. BB/PB or BB/TB Index were exclusive breastfeeding history and mother's level of education. Multivariate test results showed that mother's level of education is the most dominant factor associated with nutritional status (BB/U). PB/U or TB/U index was father?s level of education. BB/PB or BB/TB index was exclusive breastfeeding history. The following need famiy nutritional education."

"Nutrition become an important part that affect the quality of life. Malnutrition have a direct impact on growth disorders and immune system especially during the first two years of a child's life, and malnutrition in the long run effect on productivity in adulthood. This study aims to determine the minimum cost diet in the nutritional status of children 12-23 months in the north coast of Brebes District. The study design was cross sectional by processing the primary data are taken in five sub-district in May 2012 with a sample of as many as 296 samples. The results showed that more serious nutritional problems lead to stunting problems (47.9%) and underweight (37.4%). The results of bivariate analysis showed an association between energy and protein intake with nutritional status (length for age); energy intake, protein, carbohydrates, fats, and the diversity of foods with nutritional status (weight for age); gender, caregiver knowledge, energy intake, protein, carbohydrates, fats, food diversity and the minimum cost of a nutritious diet with nutritional status (weightfor length). Multivariate analysis of protein intake as a dominant factor related to the problem of stunting and underweight, and energy intake as the dominant factor associated with the problem of wasting in children 12-23 months. The results suggest that increased knowledge of the caregiver in terms of feeding through various channels of information is absolutely necessary."

"The purpose of the study was to compare the nutritional status of children receiving supplementary food from the high and low performing health centers in East Sumba District, Indonesia.

Assessment of all 15 health centers was the first stage to determine the performance level using input output process approach, and 568 selected households from two performance categories was the second stage to investigate nutritional status. A Scoring system was used to determine the performance level, and anthropometry was used to assess nutritional status. SPSS 10.0 and Epilnfo 6.04b were used for data analyses. The study was conducted from February to March 2001.

All input-process-output and personnel capability variables between the two performance levels were significantly different. The supplementary feeding package fulfilled optimally the standard requirement, but the method and frequency of distribution did not The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly different between the two performance levels.

Lack of transportation and small number of personnel might have influenced the improper nutrition service management."

"ABSTRACTMost poverty prevalence in developing countries is found among people living in rural areas, which depend on agricultural activities as their main source of livelihood (Suryana, 1992, Kuhonta, 1986). This study assessed the overall condition of the rural community in Pasaman (Jambak and Sarik village) and Sawahlunto/Sijunjung (SP I and SP IV village) district regarding to the poverty and nutritional situation by using an adapted Rapid Rural assessment method which was called RAPID: Rapid Nutritional Assessment for Community Based Poverty Alleviation Projects in Developing Countries, developed by GTZ. The method consists of interviewing key persons, focus group discussion, observation and height measurement of school children (6-9 years old). Other method to diagnose and analyze the nutritional situation of risk group is a nutritional survey. Interview and anthropometrics measurement of fewer than five children and the mother were done in this method. A poor state of nutrition and health also leads to lower productivity and reduces the availability of food at the household level, which now forms a vicious cycle. The availability of food can describe the food security status of the household. This study also attempted to look into the main problems of food security on rural community by using food security questionnaire developed by SEARCA (South East Asian Regional Center for Agriculture). The result of interviewing the mothers by this method revealed that current food security status in Jambak and Sarik was better than SP I and SP IV while SP IV was worse than SP I. The similar result was found by other two methods. RAPID method described the overall condition of the study area in a short time. This method also collected preliminary information on the nature and importance of poverty and nutritional problem, and supply of the resources of the study area. However this method insufficient to describe the relationship between nutritional problem and its determinant factor. Baseline survey gave the extent of the nutritional problem in the area, nevertheless this method needed some resources; fund, personnel, equipments and time. Food security method assessed the extent of food security problems in the area, however in this study, it was proved that the questionnaire was not fully applicable, therefore further analyses based on SEARCA method could not be completely applied."

"A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the problem of nutritional status and intestinal helminthiasis among underfive children in three selected refugee centers in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara and to identify possible relationship between intestinal helminthiasis and nutritional status. A number of 188 children 12-59 months of age were involved in this study. All three refugee centers showed that Ascaris lumbricoides was most common (29.0% in Naibonat, 28.8% in Noelbaki and 23.4% in Tuapukan), followed by hookworm (25.8% in Naibonat, 10.0% in Noelbaki and 3.9% in Tuapukan) and the least common was Trichuris trichiura (6.3% in Noelbaki, 3.2% in Noelbaki and 0% in Tuapukan). Based on the WHO?s criteria the intensity of intestinalhelminthiasis in all three refugee centers were low. Nutritional status was characterized by high of prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in all three refugee centers. The prevalence of underweight was 28.6% in Tuapukan, 25.8% in Naibonat, and 18.8% in Noelbaki. The prevalence of stunting was 29.0% in Naibonat, 20% in Noelbaki and23.4% in Tuapukan. While the prevalence of wasting was 8.8% in Noelbaki, 6.5% in Naibonat and 3.9% in Tuapukan. For anemia, 75% of children in Noelbaki, 71.4% in Tuapukan and 45.2% in Naibonat had haemoglobin level less than 11 g/dl. There was no significant association between the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and nutritional status of children also between the intensity of Ascaris Iumbricoides and nutritional status."

"Data riskesdas (2007) Kabupaten Ngada-NTT mempunyai prevalensi sangat pendek dan pendek 46.8%, prevalensi gizi buruk 8.4%, prevalensi sangat kurus dan kurus 13.4%. pada lokasi ini belum terdapat informasi tentang status gizi,sehingga peneliti ingin melakukan penelitian di lokasi ini. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi pada baduta serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan di tiga kecamatan di kabupaten Ngada. Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 250 baduta (7-24 bulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan prevalensi status gizi gizi kurang dan gizi buruk 24.8% pendek dan sangat pendek 48% dan kurus dan sangat kurus 8.8%. Asupan energi kurang 44.8%, asupan protein kurang 62.6%, asupan lemak kurang 28.8%, asupan KH kurang 60.8%. riwayat BBLR 18.0%, PBL <48 cm 37.2%, tidak menyusui ASI ekslusif 66.8%, imunisasi tidak lengkap16.8%, yang menderita penyakit infeksi 71.6%. Hasil bivariat menunjukan ada hubungan bermakna antara BB/U dengan asupan energi, protein, karbohidrat, berat badan lahir, panjang badan lahir, penyakit infeksi, penghasilan keluarga dan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi. TB/U ada hubungan bermakna dengan dengan asupan energi, protein, lemak, berat badan lahir, ASI ekslusif, penyakit infeksi, penghasilan keluarga dan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi. Sedangkan BB/TB mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan asupan protein.

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Riskesdas (2007) showed district Ngada- NTT had prevalence of stunting was 46%, wasting 13.4%, and severe undeweight 8.4%. In Ngada there was no information about nutrition status, so the study conducted in this place. The aim of the study was to describe the nutritional status under two children in district Riung West, Golewa and district Bajawa Ngada NTT province, as well as the factors that related it . It was cross-sectional study on 250 under two children.

The result showed prevalence of underweight 24.8%, stunting 48% and wasting 8.8%. Low energy intake was 44.8%, low protein intake of 62.6%, low fat intake 28.8%, low KH intake 60.8%. LBW 18.0%, Length birth <48 cm 37.2%, not exclusive breastfeeding 66.8%, immunization incomplete 16.8%, infectious diseases 71.6%.

The results showed there was significant relationship between underweight with energy intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, birth weight, length birth , infectious diseases, family income and mothers' knowledge of nutrition. There was significant relationship between stunting and energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, infectious diseases, family income and mothers' knowledge of nutrition. Wasting had a significant with the intake of protein."

"TB is still major problem even though number of TB cases had been decline steadily due to discovery and continuing research of TB drugs since 1940 and also increasing of funding and attention to global TB problem. Indonesia is the third country in descending order of TB case numbers. It is considered as the third main cause of death after cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this country. Several years ago, East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest incidence of sputum smear positive compared with other provinces in Indonesia. TB creates certain burdens in the community, initially in health and nutrition aspect, and then followed by other human aspects including economy and social. It is, therefore, eradicating TB in an effective and efficient way becomes a very emerging issue on TB treatment strategy. Since TB is an immune-related disease, hence, enhancing the immune system might be considered as an important strategy to be considered on TB treatment. Zinc, vitamin A and a new discovered protein, leptin, take a part on that issue. A cross sectional study was conducted with a main objective of investigating the relationship between nutritional and leptin status of new diagnosed pulmonary TB disease with the disease severity in selected districts of East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes comprehensive reviews on the background of the study, literature review, problem statement and rationale, objective, hypotheses, conceptual framework and variable indicator matrix. Part 2 wraps up the manuscript for publication, entitled "Micronutrients and Leptin status Are Associated with the Radiological Features Among New Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients." It is written and formatted based on author's guideline of the Journal of Nutrition. Part 3 covers the supporting documents including detailed methodology and other result, author's guideline of the journal, questionnaire, ethical approval, informed consent, official permit letter, references and curriculum vitae. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to the body of knowledge about the severity of TB that reflects the specific profile of nutritional status (body fat, BMI, MUAC and micronutrient status) and plasma leptin. Furthermore, it will serve as reference data for further investigations, better interventions and treatments on active pulmonary TB patients."

"Salah satu masalah kekurangan gizi pada balita yang menjadi prioritas utama adalahstunting. Stunting pada balita diakibatkan oleh kekurangan gizi kronis mulai dari awalperkembangan dimana konsekuensinya bersifat permanen. Permasalahan stunting dapat menimbulkan efek jangka panjang pada individu dan masyarakat, termasuk berkurangnya perkembangan kognitif, fisik, kemampuan produktif dan kesehatan yang buruk, serta peningkatan risiko penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Provinsi Sumatera Barat tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Pemantauan Status Gizi Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dan jumlah sampel 6421 balita. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square bivariat dan uji regresi logistik ganda model prediksi multivariat. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur balita, jenis kelamin, tinggi badan ibu, pendidikan ibu, jumlah anggota rumah tangga dan wilayah tempat tinggal dengan stunting pada balita. Umur balita merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Disarankan adanya dukungan kebijakan peningkatan anggaran program perbaikan gizi masyarakat dalam upaya penanggulangan masalah stunting dan menyusun kegiatan program sesuai dengan kebutuhan di lapangan serta memperhatikan kebutuhan gizi anak sesuai dengan tahapan umur.

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One of the nutritional problems in children under five is the main priority is stunting.Stunting in toddlers is caused by chronic malnutrition from the beginning ofdevelopment where the consequences are permanent. Stunting problems can have longtermeffects on individuals and communities, including reduced cognitive, physical, productive and poor health, and an increased risk of degenerative diseases.

The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to stunting incidence in toddlers in West Sumatera Province in 2017. This study uses secondary data Monitoring Nutrition Statusof West Sumatera Province with cross sectional study design and 6421 children underfive years old. Processing and data analysis using chi square test bivariate andmultiple logistic regression test prediction model multivariate.

The result of statistical test shows that there is a significant relationship between toddler age, sex, mother 39 sheight, mother education, number of household member and residence area withstunting in children. Toddler age is the most dominant factor with stunting incidence intoddlers.

It is recommended to support the improvement of public nutrition improvement program budget in the effort to overcome the problem of stunting andarrange the program activity according to the need in the field and pay attention to the nutritional requirement of children according to the age stage."