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Martina Rupidara
"Most important thing which become central attention of this study is implementation of Regional Autonomy Program that commenced on applicable of Act Number 22 11999. Most important alteration on this act is the more strengthen of local political institution (DPRD), which strictly separated between institutions on Head of Regional and DPRD. And institutionally, DPRD is no longer part of Local Government rather as equal partner in its position for Local Legislative Body. This is a huge opportunity for DPRD of NTT Province to implement their wider authority. Nevertheless, DPRD of NTT Province can be an effective people's representative as their people's hope.
Therefore, this study and research is focused on role and function effectiveness of DPRD and Regional Autonomy. However, this is not an easy task to do for DPRD of NTT Province. There are many influencing factors to this institution to have more optimal roles. Those factors are internal and external factors, whereas both factors are effectively influencing to weaken or even strengthen role and function of DPRD as local political institution. External factor on this study is factors which beyond DPRD institution which also influencing effectiveness on role and function of DRPD. In fact, DPRD is actively join to influence effectiveness on role and function of DPRD.
Data of this study is gathered from qualitative study method. Sources are primary data (study informant) and secondary data (documentation review). Researcher is the study instrument herself whereas to gather data through interview and to review documentation. Gathered data, then, being processed with take primary and secondary data along with its characteristics with its tendency on one to another to applied research indicators. Then, it will be analyzed and interpreted with suing applicable formal rules or theory framework. In this study, writer did not testing relationship or testing the influencing factors rather to explain about those influencing factors that based on theories.
Based on this study, it showed that roles and function of DPRD of NTT Province is not effective as its local people's hope or the regulation itself. Performance of DPRD of NTT Province in the implementation of legislation function is possible so DPRD can create Local Regulation Initiative on NTT and to include consultation or participation of NTTs people, control function on DPRD is political, not technical or functional supervision observation or control. So arrogance from DPRD can be more reduced; it hope that DPRD as political representative function put people interest more rather than political party interest or local elites. These political representatives are also hope that members of house of representative to have more intensive relation with their voters and not to their local elites.
At the end of this thesis is suggestion in form of recommendation in order to reach effectiveness on role and function of DPRD of NTT Province and DPRD of NTT Province needs to give more attention to external and internal factors that influencing performance effectiveness of house's members in the era of Regional Autonomy. And the most important thing to implementing Regional Autonomy in NTT Province is DPRD as a stepping stone of local people and those house's members can be an effective people's representative for local people. And the essence of Regional Autonomy is community autonomy which can be a reality as their hope.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T14037
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bambang Yudoyono
Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001
351.1 BAM o (1)
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Otonomi adalah salah satu hal penting di dalam praktek penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Dalam pemikiran ini mana keberadaan pemerintahan desa sangatlah penting. Untuk itu diperlukan perbaikan yang berkesinambungan."
321 KYBER 2:3 (2012)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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H.A.W. Widjaja,1940-
Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2004
352.14 WID o
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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H.A.W. Wijaya
Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2007
352.14 WID 0 (1)
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Tjip Ismail
"Sejalan dengan perkembangan ekonorni saat ini, peran penerimaan dalam negeri bagi APBN dalam rangka pembiayaan kegiatan pemerintah maupun kaitannya dangan pelaksanaan kebijakan fiskal semakin penting. Sementara itu, sumber utama penerimaan dalam negri masih didominasi oleh penerimaan perpajakan yang dari tahun ke tahun peranannya menunjukkan kenaikan.
Sistem pemerintahan di Indonesia berubah sejak diundangkannya UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 dan UU No. 25 Tahun 1999 yang efektif berlaku pada tanggal 1 Januari 2001 yang kemudian diubah dengan UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 dan UU No. 33 Tahun 2004. Perubahan yang mendasar adalah bahwa segala urusan pamerintahan kecuali kewenangan di bidang politik luar negri, pertahanan, keamanan, yustisi, moneter dan fiskal nasional, dan agama menjadi kewenangan daerah. UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 dan UU No. 25 Tahun 1999 merupakan tonggak sejarah beralihnya sistem pemerintahan dari sentralistik ke desantralistik, sesuai dengan kehendak founding fathers Indonesia dan Konstitusi UUD 1945.
Esensi otonomi adalah kemandirian, yaitu kebebasan untuk berinisiatif dan bertanggungjawab sendiri dalam mengatur dan menyusun pemerintahan yang menjadi urusan rumah tangganya yang selama ini merupakan urusan pmerintah pusat, termasuk pelayanan kepada warga masyarakat. Idealnya otonomi tersebut harus dibiayai dari sumber-sumber pendapatan dari daerah itu sendiri (PAD), khususnya dari pajak daerah, karena peranan pajak daerah terhadap PAD masih dominan, yaitu 83,09% di Provinsi dan 37,72% untuk Kabupaten Kota.
Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut, banyak daerah mengambil jalan pintas dengan mengoptimalkan pajak daerah sebagai satu-satunya sumber pembiayaan daerah. Apabila tidak diimbangi dengan palayanan kepada sektor pajak barsangkutan, pungutan pajak daerah akan manjadi kontraproduktif karena hanya akan dirasakan sabagai beban. Hal itu tidak sejalan dengan otonorni daarah yang bertujuan untuk mendekatkan pelayanan pemerintah kepada masyarakat.
Perkembangan demokrasi saat ini menghendaki adanya wujud pelayanan pemerintah kepada masyarakat. Masyarakat kian kritis dalarn menyikapi setiap kebijakan pemerintah, apalagi berkenaan dengan suatu pungutan, khususnya pajak daerah. Rasio kenaikan penerimaan ratribusi daerah lebih tinggi dari pada pajak daerah, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tuntutan masyarakat yang menginginkan adanya kontraprestasi (pelayanan) dari suatu pungutan. Disamping itu dari hasil penelitian daerah di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa pada kenyataannya daerah-daerah telah berinisiatif melakukan pergeseran paradigma pajak daerah dengan memprioritaskan peruntukkan penerimaan pajak daerah untuk pelayanan kepada pajak yang bersangkutan. Sedangkan penelitian di nagara lain pun menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan pajak daerah, dioptimalkan pemanfaatannya untuk pelayanan kepada sektor pajak yang bersangkutan.
Dari uraian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa paradigma pajak daarah yang semula merupakan iuran yang dapat dipaksakan tanpa adanya imbalan kontraprestasi harus diubah, dengan penegasan mangenai adanya imbalan kontraprestasi yang diprioritaskan untuk membiayai pelayanan terhadap sektor pajak daerah yang bersangkutan.

In line with current economic development, the role of domestic revenue in State Budget in relation to the financing of govemment activities and fiscal policy implementation has grown more important. Meanwhile, a larger part of domestic revenue comes from tax revenue which has been increasing over the years.
The governmental system of Indonesia has changed since the stipulation of Law Number 22 Year 1999 and Law Number 25 Year 1999 that came into implementation on January 1?, 2001 which was later on amended by Law Number 32 Year 2004 and Law Number 33 Year 2004 respectively. One of the fundamental changes is the delegation of authority from central government to local government in all areas except for those in foreign policy, defense, national security, justice, national monetary and fiscal matters, and religious affairs. Law Number 22 Year 1999 on Regional Governance and Law Number 25 Year 1999 on Fiscal Balance between Central and Local Govemment have become a historical milestone in terms of the shift from centralized government to a more decentralized one as warranted by lndonesia's founding fathers and constitution.
The fundamental nature of autonomy in unitary country is discretionary, which in this case refers to discretion to have initiative and self responsibility in managing their region?s governmental affairs which prior to the stipulation of Law Number 22 Year 1999 were the domain of central government, including public service. Ideally, regional autonomy should be financed by the region?s own revenue sources (Pendapatan Asli Daerah, PAD), especially by local taxes because they make up a significant portion of PAD, i.e. 83,09% in Provincial level and 37,72% in District/Municipal level.
It is because of the above reason that many local governments resort to optimizing local taxes as the only source of regional financing. lf such measure is taken without giving something in return, e.g. improvement of services, to sectors taxed, regional taxes will not yield the desired result because they will only be viewed as additional burden, which of course is against the spirit of regional autonomy whose purpose is to bring services closer to public.
The development of democracy demands a clearer manifestation of government's services to public as they grow more knowledgeable about government's policies, particularly when it comes to levies, especially local taxes. The fact that local charges shows more significant increase rate compared those of local taxes reflects public?s demand for some sort of compensation for every kind of tax/charges levied. In addition, the results of researches conducted in Indonesia indicate the shifting of local tax paradigm. Currently, local governments tend to allocate tax revenue obtained from a certain sector to measures designed to improve services in that sector. Meanwhile, similar research conducted in other countries also shows similar result.
In conclusion, it can be stated that the earlier paradigm that consider local tax as something that can be coerced by government without compensation should be changed by giving more emphasis on fonns of compensation that can be used to finance services in the sector being taxed."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2005
D695
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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