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"Inspection of goods which are going out and coming in Customs Territory conducted by institution that have been assigned by government, which is Customs or international surveyor. The assignation of inspecting operator depends on the system used by pertinent government. If the government applies a pre-shipment inspection (PSI) system that is inspection of imported goods in a port load provided by independent private company to both exporters and government in order to give assessment of goods to be imported and exported, the operator is an international surveyor. On the other hand, if the government uses an on arrival inspection (OAI) system that is an inspection of imported goods in destination port, the operator is a local Customs.A government can also apply PSI system and OAI system concurrently, for example, Indonesia in 1985 up to 1990. At that period, PSI operator checks importation with value above FOB US$ 5,000.00, and OAI operator checks importation with value until FOB USS 5,000.00, Along with the increasing of commercial activity and market forces demand to enhance Customs service and to fulfill Customs commitment as a member of World Customs Organization (WCO), hence existing Customs procedures and systems continue to develop. Since the launching of Law # 1011995 about Customs, inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia embraces an OAI system which is in Law # 10/1995 gives a larger trust to market forces, but it is without disregarding state's finance security. OAI system is based on a self-assessment implementation, risk management and a post clearance audit. The supervisory of OAI system relied on a post clearance audit, so it doesn't interfere the releasing of imported goods from the port The PCA implementation is a logical consequence of self-assessment implementation and selective physical examination which is embraced by Law # 10/1995 about Customs.In general, advantage of PSI system is to give benefit to exporter and importer to his imported goods, so it can comply with quantity and quality of goods demanding in sales agreement. Besides, PSI can give benefit to government by improving state revenue through evasion of imported goods which are under standard, increasing foreign trade management by providing accurate commerce statistic, and supporting and pushing foreign capital cultivation incentive plan.On the other hand, results of research conducted by Lembaga Manajemen Universitas Indonesia (LM UI) in 1997 indicating that the government have to pay US$1 for each of US$163.63 import value which is done by SGS as The PSI system operator during 1995 - 1997, comparing to USS 1 for each of US$ $ 989,22 import value which is done by Customs as The OAL system operator in the year after SGS implementation. Thereby, the results indicate that The OAI system is more efficient compared to The PSI system. Results of research of LM UI also show that for each of USS 1 fee paid by government to SGS yield by US$ 4.40 of import duty revenue, while for each of US$ 1 fee paid by government to Customs yield US$ 18.68 of import duty revenue. Again, the data indicate that The OAI system is more effective compared to The PSI system.Meanwhile, based on results research conducted by ECONIT Advisory Group, the cost paid by government during implementation of SGS service equal to almost 15% from total import duty in a yearlong. Whereas the cost paid by government to defray DJBC only equal to less than 14° c let %ear from total cost paid to SGS. Farther, cost which is must be paid by government dung import pattern by using PSI system that is executed by SGS indicate that government have to pay 0.6% on average from import value or 23% from collected import duty. Cost Collection equal to 23% is counted very high and above maximum international standard cost collection, which is 5% on average.From system comparison and procedure analysis and cost-benefit analysis between PSI system and OAI system, PSI supporters argument and field facts, deeply interview, and perception participate observation results with some parties who is related to inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia, it can be concluded till now that The OAI system is the inspection system that are cheapest, fastest, simplest, most effective, and most efficient. This matter can be proved from its cost, time, and OAI procedure."

"ABSTRAKNama : Gusti Digja RamadhanNPM : 1206333212Program Studi : Pascasarjana Ilmu EkonomiJudul Tesis : Analisis Penyelundupan Impor pada Periode Sebelum dan Setelah Penerapan ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement ACFTA di Indonesia 2000-2014 .Penyelundupan yang terjadi antara Indonesia dan negara anggota ACFTA dapat dilihat dari gap perdagangan ekspor-impor.Penyelundupan terjadi karena upaya menghindari tarif bea masuk, sehingga terjadi manipulasi dokumen masuk, baik dalam hal kuantitas dan harga barang impor. Perubahan kebijakan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA dan peningkatan sanksi denda diduga mempengaruhi penyelundupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel fixed effect untuk menganalisis perubahan kebijakan tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain : 1. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA, dan 2. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan peningkatan sanksi denda maksimal.Klasifikasi JEL : F13, H26, K20 Kata Kunci : Penyelundupan, Tarif Bea Masuk dan Sanksi Denda

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ABSTRACTName Gusti Digja RamadhanStudy Program EconomicsThesis Title The Analysis of Import Smuggling in The Period Before and After Implementation of ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement ACFTA in Indonesia 2000 2014 Smuggling that occurred between Indonesia and the ACFTA member countries can be seen from the import export trade gap. Smuggling occurs because the attempt to avoid tariffs, resulting in the manipulation of incoming documents, both in terms of quantity and price of imported goods. The policy change tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation and increase financial penalties affecting allegedly smuggling. This study uses a fixed effect panel data regression to analyze the policy change. The results obtained are 1. The reduction of smuggling after the application of policy to reduce tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation, and 2. A decrease in smuggling after the implementation of the policy of increasing the maximum financial penalties .JEL Code F14, H26, K42 Keyword Smuggling, Tariff Rates, Financial Pinalties."

"Lonjakan impor kain yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2019 menyebabkan industri kain dalam negeri menderita. Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian menetapkan kebijakan dalam rangka tindakan pengamanan atas produk kain. Kebijakan ini ditetapkan dalam bentuk Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan (BMTP) yang dikenakan atas impor produk kain. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai implementasi dari pengenaan kebijakan BMTP dalam rangka mengendalikan lonjakan serta melindungi industri kain dalam negeri atas impor produk kain. Penetapan kebijakan ini didasari oleh permohonan dari Asosiasi Pertekstilan Indonesia atas adanya lonjakan impor produk kain yang menyebabkan kerugian serius terhadap industri kain dalam negeri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas impor produk kain serta kendala yang terjadi saat pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data, yakni studi lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam serta studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi dari kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan tujuan ditetapkannya kebijakan ini yaitu melindungi industri kain dalam negeri dari kerugian. Hal ini dikarenakan injury yang dialami oleh industri kain di Indonesia yang cukup signifikan akibat masih terkendala dalam sosialisasi serta belum terdapatnya peraturan pendukung dalam implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain di Indonesia.

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The surge in fabric imports that occurred in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019 caused the domestic fabric industry to suffer. The Indonesian government then established a policy aimed at securing fabric products. This policy was implemented in the form of Import Duty Security Measures (BMTP) imposed on imported fabric products. This study examines the implementation of the BMTP policy in controlling the surge and protecting the domestic fabric industry from imported fabric products. The policy was enacted based on a request from the Indonesian Textile Association, citing a significant surge in fabric product imports that caused serious losses to the domestic fabric industry. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the BMTP policy on imported fabric products and the challenges encountered during its implementation. The study adopts a post-positivist approach with data collection techniques, including field studies through in-depth interviews and literature review. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of the BMTP policy on fabric products is not fully aligned with its intended goal of protecting the domestic fabric industry from losses. This is due to the significant injury suffered by the fabric industry in Indonesia, primarily caused by constraints in socialization efforts and the absence of supporting regulations for implementing the BMTP policy on fabric products in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini meneliti tentang implementasi kebijakan pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan pada impor produk paku. Kebijakan ini dikeluarkan seiring melonjaknya impor paku dari luar negeri yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kerugian serius pada industri dalam negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan tujuan penelitiannya bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tahapan implementasi pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan sama dengan tahapan pengenaan bea masuk impor normal, yang membedakan hanyalah tambahan pembayaran pajak beserta dokumen yang dibutuhkan dan kendala yang dialami dalam penerapan ini adalah masalah sosialisasi. Pengawasan dalam kebijakan ini dilakukan oleh tiga instansi yaitu DJBC, BKF dan KPPI. Pencapaian yang telah diperoleh adalah menurunnya jumlah impor paku dan industri dalam negeri mampu memulihkan kerugian. Pengenaan BMTP ini akan lebih lengkap jika didampingi dengan kebijakan lain yang mampu membuat industri paku dalam negeri mampu bersaing dengan industri luar negeri.

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This thesis analyzes the Implementation of The Imposition of Import Duties Safeguard's Policy Against Nails Import Products. This policy is issued as a nail surging imports from abroad, which caused serious losses to the domestic industry. This thesis uses a qualitative approach and the research purpose is descriptive. The result indicates that the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties safeguard is the same as the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties normally. However, the requirement documents are different. Constraints experienced in the implementation are a matter of socialization to the importers. Monitoring is conducted by DJBC, BKF and KPPI. Achievements that have been obtained are the nail import is significantly decreasing and the domestic industry is able to recover the losses. Imposition of BMTP is considered to be more completed if accompanied by the other policies that can make the domestic nails industries are able to compete with foreign industries."

"[Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan dalam komoditas kedelai dan mengukur dampak swasembada kedelai bagi Indonesia serta mencari alternatif kebijakan lain yang berdampak baik bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat permasalahan dalam perkedelaian nasional seperti permasalahan benih, pupuk, perubahan cuaca, hama dan rendahnya harga kedelai dibandingkan palawija yang lain. Untuk mengukur dampak kebijakan kedelai terhadap para pelaku ekonomi, penelitian ini menggunakan Cost and Benefit Analysis. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa kebijakan impor lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan jika pemerintah melakukan upaya swasembada kedelai.;This study analyzes the problems in soybean commodity and measures the impact of self-sufficiency soybean for Indonesia, as well as seeking for the policy alternative which gives good impact to the society. The finding of this study is there are problems in national soybean issue such as problems related with seeds, fertilizer, changes in weather, pest, and the low price of soybean compared to other commodity crops. To measure the policy impact of soybean towards society, this study uses Cost and Benefit Analysis. The result of this study recommends that import policy is more beneficial compared to when government puts efforts in self-sufficiency of soybean., This study analyzes the problems in soybean commodity and measures the impact of self-sufficiency soybean for Indonesia, as well as seeking for the policy alternative which gives good impact to the society. The finding of this study is there are problems in national soybean issue such as problems related with seeds, fertilizer, changes in weather, pest, and the low price of soybean compared to other commodity crops. To measure the policy impact of soybean towards society, this study uses Cost and Benefit Analysis. The result of this study recommends that import policy is more beneficial compared to when government puts efforts in self-sufficiency of soybean.]"

"Maize import quota is an important trade policy to achieve maize self sufficiency. However, not long after the enactment of maize import quota, the effectiveness of this policy is being questioned. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze the effectiveness of maize import quota implementation from the supply and demand side. This study uses 2SLS method to examine the increase in harvest area and wheat imports, as the substitute for maize. The results show that the implementation of maize import quota has a positive effect to maize production. However, maize import quota has a significant influence on increasing the wheat import demand.

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Kuota impor jagung ialah kebijakan perdagangan yang penting untuk mencapai swasembada jagung. Namun, tidak lama setelah implementasi dari kuota impor, efektivitas dari kebijakan ini diragukan. Oleh sebab itu, skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa efektivitas dari kebijakan kuota impor jagung dari sisi permintaan dan penawaran. Studi ini menggunakan metode 2SLS untuk menganalisa kenaikan dari lahan panen dan impor gandum, sebagai substitusi utama dari jagung. Hasil studi menunjukkan implementasi kuota import jagung memiliki dampak positif kepada produksi jagung. Di sisi lain, kebijakan ini memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan permintaan impor gandum."

"ABSTRAKMaraknya perkembangan e-commerce di Indonesia menjadi sebuah pintu strategis bagi para pelaku usaha untuk memperdagangkan produk-produk impor. Namun, hal ini menjadi sebuah pemicu timbulnya persaingan yang tidak sehat dengan Industri Dalam Negeri dan dapat berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap eksistensi dan performa dari Industri dalam Negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai kebijakan penurunan ambang batas pembebasan bea masuk impor barang kiriman melalui e-commerce yang ditetapkan pemerintah sebagai sebuah solusi dari isu tersebut. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis kebijakan penurunan ambang batas pembebasan bea masuk impor barang kiriman melalui e-commerce yang membahas mengenai urgensi dikeluarkannya kebijakan dan kerjasama pemerintah dengan e-commerce dalam penerapan kebiajkan ini. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas mengenai hambatan-hambatan yang muncul dari dikeluarkannya kebijakan ini. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan urgensi dikeluarkannya kebijakan tersebut adalah untuk penekanan jumlah impor barang kiriman, perlindungan Industri Dalam Negeri dan menciptakan perlakuan perpajakan yang adil serta penghindaran praktik modus Barang Kiriman. Hambatan yang muncul sebelum dikeluarkannya kebijakan adalah mengenai ketersediaan data, sedangkan hambatan saat dikeluarkannya kebijakan adalah mengenai Keluhan Publik, Dampak Pandemi, dan Peningkatan Jumlah Dokumen Pembayaran.

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ABSTRACT

The development of e-commerce in Indonesia has become a strategic door for businesses to trade imported products. However, this has become a trigger for unfair competition with domestic industries and can directly affect the existence and performance of domestic industries. This study aims to analyze the policy of Decreasing De Minimis Value of Import Duties for Imported Shipping Goods via E-Commerce determined by the government as a solution to the issue. This research focuses on analyzing the policy of decreasing de minimis value of import duties on imported shipments via e-commerce which discusses the urgency of issuing policies and the cooperation of the government with e-commerce in the application of this policy. In addition, this study also discusses the obstacles that arise from the issuance of this policy. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive research type. The results of this study indicate the urgency of the issuance of the policy is to reduce the number of imported shipments, protection of the Domestic Industry and create equal tax treatment and the effort to avoid the Shipment mode practice. The obstacles before the issuance of the policy were the availability of data, while the obstacles during the issuance of the policy are about Public Complaints, the Impact of the Pandemic, and the Increase in the Amount of Payment Documents."