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"Tesis ini membicarakan variasi aksara pada prasasti-inskripsi abad ke-5—16 M yang ditemukan di Jawa bagian barat, melalui identifikasi tipologi guna melihat faktor-faktor yang ditelusuri melalui teks terhadap proses perkembangan aksara. Kawasan Jawa bagian barat dapat dinilai memiliki sejarah perjalanan aksara yang cukup lengkap jika dibandingkan kawasan lain di Indonesia, sayangnya, peninggalan bertulis dari masa ke masa hanya ditemukan sedikit. Namun, penemuan prasasti-inskripsi yang dimulai sejak 1800-an memperlihatkan variasi aksara digunakan di beberapa titik lokasi yang ada di Jawa bagian barat, hampir lebih dari setengahnya berada di kawasan pedalaman sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan walaupun hanya sedikit peninggalannya, tradisi menulis mampu mengabadikan beberapa peristiwa yang terjadi tiap zamannya di tengah-tengah kehidupan masyarakat Sunda Kuna. Tigapuluh delapan prasasti-inskripsi menjadi sumber data primer didukung oleh sumber data sekunder berupa manuskrip, kronik dan catatan bangsa lain. Kajian paleografis difokuskan untuk menelusuri begitu dalam bentuk-bentuk aksara hingga mampu dideskripsikan tiap variasi aksara dengan menggunakan model statis, diperkuat dengan perbandingan prasasti-prasasti yang berasal dari luar Jawa bagian barat namun dianggap sezaman, sehingga dugaan keakuratan data perihal kapan dan di mana kemunculan varian aksara lebih meyakinkan sepanjang duabelas abad. Terakhir, percobaan penyusunan historiografi berdasarkan keberadaan tiap varian aksara pada zamannya dan lokasi penggunaannya.

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This thesis discusses script variations in the inscriptions and inscriptions of the 5th-16th century AD., which were found in western Java, through typological identification to see the factors traced through the text to the process of script development. The western part of Java can be considered to have a quite complete history of the passage of characters when compared to other regions in Indonesia, unfortunately, only a few written remains from time to time have been found. However, the discovery of inscriptions that began in the 1800s shows that variations of the script were used at several locations in western Java, almost more than half of which were in the interior, so it can be concluded that even though there are only a few remains, the writing tradition is able to perpetuate several events. which happened every era during the life of the Old Sundanese people. Thirty-eight inscriptions are the primary data source supported by secondary data sources in the form of manuscripts, chronicles, and records of other nations. Paleographical studies are focused on tracing script forms so deeply that each script variation can be described using a static model, strengthened by a comparison of inscriptions originating from outside western Java but considered contemporaneous, so that estimates of the accuracy of the data regarding when and where the variants appeared more convincing script throughout the twelve centuries. Lastly, an experiment on the arrangement of historiography based on the existence of each variant of the script at the time and the location of its use."

"In this radically new approach to morphological typology, the authors set out new and explicit methods for the typological classification of languages. Drawing on evidence from a diverse range of languages including Chinantec, Dakota, French, Fur, Icelandic, Ngiti and Sanskrit, the authors propose innovative ways of measuring inflectional complexity. Designed to engage graduate students and academic researchers, the book presents opportunities for further investigation. The authors' data sets and the computational tool that they constructed for their analysis are available online, allowing readers to employ them in their own research"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pola pikir yang melatarbelakangi penggunaan kalimat suru dan naru yang terdapat di dalam novel Memushiri Kouchi karya Oe Kenzaburo (1958), peraih hadiah nobel bidang kesusastraan tahun 1994. Suru dan naru adalah istilah linguistik yang digunakan oleh Ikegami dalam tipologi bahasa Jepang. Masing-masing difokuskan pada kalimat yang bermakna perbuatan dan kejadian. Di dalam novel yang dikaji, suru dan naru merupakan kalimat yang dituturkan tokoh-tokoh di dalam cerita sebagai respon atas situasi yang muncul di dalam perjalanan kelima belas orang remaja yang diabaikan oleh keluarganya pada akhir Perang Dunia II.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tuturan berupa kalimat suru dan naru dilatarbelakangi budaya girl terhadap nama bail( dan sikap pasif yang tercakup dalam mentalitas curiae masyarakat Jepang. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar penutur dapat menjaga nama baiknya sekaligus perhatian kepada lawan bicara agar tidak merasa tersinggung.

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ABSTRACT

The focus of this study is to explain the way of thinking behind the use of suru and naru sentences in Memushiri Kouchi, a novel by Oe Kenzaburo - noble prize winner of literature in 1994. Suru and naru are linguistic terms introduced by Ikegami for Japanese language typology which respectively focused on doing and becoming. In this study, suru and naru are utterances of fifteen kids in responding situation occurred during their long journey. They had been abandoned by their own family in the end of World War II.

Analysis result of this study shows that suru and naru utterances are based on Japanese culture called girl by credibility and aurae mentality of Japanese society. These are meant to be a notice for the speaker to keep their credibility stood still, and to avoid humiliation to anyone."