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"Studi ini bertujuan menilai peranan CT pada cedera saluran aerodigestif bagian atas."

"Studi ini bertujuan menilai peranan CT pada cedera saluran aerodigestif bagian atas. Dua puluh enam pasien dengan cedera saluran aerodigestif atas telah dievaluasi. Enam belas pasien mengalami trauma tumpul pada leher sementara 7 pasien mengalami luka (embus. Sebagian besar pasien datang berobat segera setelah mengalami cedera. Gejala yang timbul meliputi gangguan napas (14), nyeri leher (18), suara serak (7), batuk darah (2) dan kesulitan menelan (3). Cedera jaringan lunak lerdapat pada 8 pasien, udem daerah ariepiglotik pada 4 pasien, hematom ariepiglotik pada 1 pasien, udem pita suara (2)dan obliterasi sinus pirifonnis (5). Cedera daerah supraglotik terjadi pada 6 pasien, cedera glotis (8), dan subglotis (4). Cedera trakea terlihat pada 8 pasien yang terdiri dari pemisahan kriko-trakea (I), robekan trakea (5) dan penyempitan trakea (4). Cedera hipofaring-esofagus terjadi pada 2 pasien. CT bermanfaat memastikan lokasi benda asing yang terjadi pada 2 kasus. CTjuga membantu dalam mengatnbil keputusan pemilihan tata laksana pasien dan menghindari eksplorasi terbuka pada pasien dengan lesi mukosa minimal, fraktur stabil dan robekan tertutup. CT juga lerutama bermanfaat untuk kasus-kasus dimana laringoskopi tidak bisa dilakukan. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:81-9).

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This study was aimed to assess the role of CT in upper aerodigestive tract injuries. Twenty six patients presenting with upper aerodigestive tract injury were examined by CT. Nineteen patients had blunt trauma to the neck while seven had penetrating injury. Most of the patients presented soon after injury. Symptoms included respiratory distress (14), neck tenderness (18), hoarseness (7), haemoptysis (2) and odynophagia (3). Soft tissue injuries were seen in 8 patients, aryepiglottic fold edema in 4, aryepiglottic fold haematoma in 1, vocal cord edema in 2 and pyriform sinus obliteration in 5 patients, Supraglottic injuries were seen in six patients, glottic injury in 8 patients and subglottic injuries in 4 patients. Tracheal injuries were seen in 8 patients and included cricotracheal separation (1), tracheal tears (5) and trachea! narrowing (4). Hypopharyngoesophageal injuries were seen in 2 patients. CT was helpful for localization of foreign bodies in 2 cases. CT is useful in deciding management of patients with upper aerodigestive tract injuries obviating the need of open exploration in patients with minimal mucosal injuries, undisplaced fracture and sealed tears. It is particularly helpful in cases when indirect laryngoscopy was not possible. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:81-9)."

"Backgrounds: Gastrointestinal bleeding such as hematemesis or melena are common conditions in clinical practice and endoscopic service. The mortality rate due to gastrointestinal bleeding is relatively high. In this study, we evaluate the causes of hematemesis melena for the last 5 years and the factors associated with the bleeding.Methods: The study was done retrospectively. We obtained data from medical record of patients that performed endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract in Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital (Jakarta, Indonesia) during the period of 2001 to 2005.Results: Of 4.154 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy from 2001 to 2005, we found that 837 patients (20.1%) were due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. They were 552 male (65.9%) and 285 female patients (34.1%). Mean age of male patients was 52.7 ± 15.82 years, while for female patients was 54.46 ± 17.6 years. Of 837 patients who came due to hematemesis were 150 patients (17.9%), melena were 310 patients (37.8%), both melena and hematemesis were 371 patients (44.3%), 557 cases (66.5 %) due to non varices. Endoscopic results showed that 280 cases (33.4%) were due to esophageal varices. In general, this study had demonstrated that esophageal varices was the most frequent cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We found 229 cases of esophageal varices were coincidence with portal hypertensive gastropathy. While ulcer was found in 225 cases (26.9%) and most of them were gastric ulcer (51.1%). Of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by esophageal varices, most were grade HI in 138 cases (49.3%). The incidence of bleeding of bleeding were found more frequently in patients age group of 40 - 60 years (389 cases; 46.5%), > 60 years (305 cases; 36.2%), < 40 years (242 cases; 16.8%). The causes of bleeding in patients whose age > 60 years, most were caused by ulcer (37.4%). In this study, we also found that cancer as the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in 26 cases (3.1%). Gastrointestinal cancer comprised of gastric cancer in 15 cases (57.7%), duodenal cancer in 7 cases (26.9%), and esophageal cancer in 4 patients (15.4%).Conclusion: The most frequent cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was esophageal varices and usually had reached stage HI. The non variceal cause of bleeding was gastric cancer. Upper gastrointestinal malignancy was also found to be the etiology of bleeding in this study."

"ABSTRAKFrequent upper respiratory tract infections and allergic reactions may cause upper respiratory tract obstruction (OURT). Mouth breathing (MB) occurs in individuals with nasal breathing problems. A person with MB will raise his head higher; thus, MB is a risk factor for head posture (HP) deviation. Children with MB during growth and development may exhibit dentocraniofacial (DCF) deviation. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of MB, HP, and DCF deviation in OURT patients to know risk factors of HP deviation, morphological aberrations of DCF and DCF deviation growth and development. Methods: This cross sectional study included 285 OURT subjects aged 9 until 15 years. Data obtained from cephalometric analysis, physical examination, and questionnaires were analyzed. Results: Of 285 OURT subjects, 80.4% showed MB, 44.2% HP deviation, and 66.7% DCF deviation. As risk factors for DCF deviation, MB and HP showed odds ratios of 20.45 and 8.11 and population attributable risks of 87.5% and 59.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of MB and DCF deviation in OURT patients is high, but that of HP deviation is generally comparable. MB and deviated HP are risk factors for DCF deviation growth and development. "

"Colorectal polyp is one important factors that have roles in developing malignancy of lower gastrointestinal tract. Adenomatous polyp is the most common colorectal polyps and it has been known as a lesion precusor for transformation process in developing gastrointestinal malignancy...."

"Buku yang berjudul "Sports injuries" ini ditulis oleh Patrick Milroy. Buku ini membahas tentang pencegahan luka, klasifikasi luka, dan luka yang diakibatkan oleh olahraga."

"Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan yang pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan. Sejak ditetapkan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO hingga 3 Juli 2021 terdapat sebanyak 183.098.615 kasus terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 dengan jumlah kematian sebesar 3.964.145 kasus di seluruh dunia. Secara etiologi COVID-19 disebabkan oleh varian coronavirus baru yang dikenal sebagai SARS-CoV-2. Individu yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 sebagian besar mengalami gejala ringan atau asimtomatik. Namun, pada sebagian orang dengan usia lanjut dan mengidap penyakit komorbid manifestasi gejala berat lebih sering ditemui. Salah satu faktor yang berkaitan terhadap manifestasi COVID-19 adalah respons imun host. Molekul sitokin merupakan protein yang berperan untuk mengaktifkan mekanisme perlawanan terhadap virus. Pengetahuan tentang profil imunitas yang diperantarai oleh sitokin dari saluran napas atas masih sangat sedikit sekali yang dipelajari. Penentuan biomarker yang dapat dijadikan penanda keparahan juga perlu untuk diketahui. Metode: Sampel swab NP diperoleh dari pasien terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kategori berdasarkan manifestasi COVID-19 gejala ringan dan berat. Kadar sitokin (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, dan GMCSF dianalisis dari sampel swab NP menggunakan Luminex® assay. Hasil: Faktor demografi seperti usia (p=0,024) dan komorbid (p=0,017) secara signifikan berperan dalam menentukan keparahan gejala pada pasien COVID-19. Kadar (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, dan GMCSF antara kedua kelompok pasien COVID-19 gejala ringan dan berat tidak berbeda signifikan. Namun demikian, terdapat kecenderungan bahwa kadar (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, dan GMCSF meningkat pada kelompok pasien COVID-19 gejala berat. Sedangkan, kadar (pg/ml) IL-10 dan IL-17A cenderung menurun pada pasien COVID-19 yang bergejala berat. Selain itu, rasio antara IL-2/IL-10 secara signifikan (p=0,004) lebih tinggi pada pasien COVID-19 gejala berat. Sebanyak 65,7% pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala berat memiliki nilai rasio IL-2/IL-10 yang tinggi. Kesimpulan: Kadar sitokin (pg/ml) IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A dan kemokin GMCSF (pg/ml) dari sampel swab NP dapat terdeteksi menggunakan Luminex® assay. Rasio kadar sitokin IL-2/IL-10 dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat biomarker keparahan infeksi COVID-19 di masa mendatang.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infectious disease. Since the outbreak in Wuhan, COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by WHO. Data from July 3rd, 2021, showed that there have been 183,098,615 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 with a death toll of 3,964,145 worldwide. Etiologically COVID-19 is caused by the new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. The majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience mild symptoms or even are asymptomatic. However, for some people with older age and having comorbid diseases, severe manifestations are very common. Host immune response is one of the factors which affect disease severity. Playing a vital role in activating the immune system against viruses, cytokine protein can also contribute to the severity. Currently, very little is known about the profile of cytokine-mediated immunity from the upper respiratory tract. This research is aimed to find a potential candidate of biomarkers to predict severity in the early phase of COVID-19 infections.

Methods: NP swab samples were obtained from patients who were positively confirmed for COVID-19. Subjects were divided into 2 categories based on the manifestation as mild or severe symptoms of COVID-19. Cytokine levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and GMCSF were analyzed from NP swab samples using Luminex® assay.

Results: Demographic factors such as age (p=0.024) and comorbidities (p=0.017) significantly played a role in determining severity of COVID-19 patients. The levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and GMCSF between the two groups of patients with mild and severe COVID-19 symptoms were not significantly different. However, there was a tendency that the levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, and GMCSF to increase in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Meanwhile, levels (pg/ml) of IL-10 and IL-17A tend to decrease in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. In addition, the ratio of IL-2/IL-10 was significantly (p=0.004) higher in severe COVID-19 patients. A total of 65.7% of COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms had high values of IL-2/IL-10 ratio.

Conclusion: Cytokine levels (pg/ml) of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and GMCSF from NP swab samples can be detected using the Luminex® assay. The ratio of IL-2/IL-10 cytokine levels can be used as a biomarker candidate to predict severity for COVID-19 infection in the future."

"ABSTRAKDalam menghadapi tantangan global yang kompetitif, produk dan layanan yang berkualitas merupakan hal yang penting saat ini. Penurunan kualitas pada produk maupun pelayanan dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kepuasan pelanggan secara signifikan. Manajemen kualitas merupakan pendekatan yang sangat cocok untuk mengatasi kebutuhan dan permintaan saat ini terkait globalisasi dan internasionalisasi pendidikan. Maka, institusi pendidikan perlu untuk menerapkan prinsip manajemen kualitas dalam meningkatkan kualitasnya dan melakukan pengembangan secara berkelanjutan dalam menghadapi permasalahan saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kesuksesan terkait implementasi manajemen kualitas terpadu pada institusi pendidikan. Principle Component Analysis dengan rotasi promax digunakan untuk mengekstraksi faktor-faktor terkait manajemen kualitas terpadu. Korelasi pada masing-masing faktor terhadap faktor lainnya diidentifikasi menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan koefisien Spearman. Pada penelitian ini, penggunaan metode Principle Component Analysis menghasilkan tujuh faktor kesuksesan, yaitu sistem manajemen, kepemimpinan, suasana sekolah, manajemen staf pengajar dan karyawan, kepuasan staf dan siswa, kualitas pelayanan antardepartemen, dan komunikasi. Analisis korelasi menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan koefisien Spearman menunjukkan nilai positif yang dihasilkan pada semua faktor menunjukkan adanya hubungan monotonic di antara faktor-faktor. Korelasi yang paling kuat terdapat pada faktor manajemen staf pengajar dan karyawan dengan kepuasan staf dan siswa dengan nilai 0,788 pada korelasi Pearson dan nilai dan 0,787 pada koefisien Spearman.

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ABSTRACTIn order to deal with a competitive global challenge, qualified products and services are considered to become important matter nowadays. The decline of quality occurred in products or services may lead to a decreased level of customer satisfaction significantly. Quality management is the most suitable approach to cope with current needs and demands due to globalization and internationalization towards education. Hence, education institutions need to apply the principles of quality management to improve quality and perform continuous quality improvement in facing the current problems. This research aim to identify the critical success factors towards total quality management implementation in education institutions. Principle Component Analysis with promax rotation is used for extracting such factors related with total quality management. The correlation among each factors towards another was identified using Pearson's correlation and Spearman's coefficient. On this research, the use of Principle Component Analysis method resulted seven critical success factors which consist of management system, leadership, school climate, teaching staff and employee management, staff and student satisfaction, departmental service quality, dan communication. Correlation analysis using Pearson's correlation and Spearman's coefficient indicates positive values resulting from all factors that signifies monotonic relationship exist among factors. The strongest correlation occurred towards teaching staff and employee management and staff and student satisfaction, denoted with the score of 0.788 and 0.787 for Pearson's correlation and Spearman's coefficient, respectively."