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"There is a growing knowledge base in understanding the differences and similarities between women and men, as well as the diversities among women and sexualities. Although genetic and biological characteristics define human beings conventionally as women and men, their experiences are contextualized in multiple dimensions in terms of gender, sexuality, class, age, ethnicity, and other social dimensions. Beyond the biological and genetic basis of gender differences, gender intersects with culture and other social locations which affect the socialization and development of women across their life span. This handbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource to understand the intersectionality of gender differences, to dispel myths, and to examine gender-relevant as well as culturally relevant implications and appropriate interventions. Featuring a truly international mix of contributors, and incorporating cross-cultural research and comparative perspectives, this handbook will inform mainstream psychology of the international literature on the psychology of women and gender."

"Gejala atau perubahan fisik menopause yang terjadi tentunya berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan, salah satunya aspek psikologis. Menopause memiliki dampak pada beberapa aspek seperti fisik, mental, sosial dan ekonomi dan kualitas hidup. Dampak yang terjadi pada perempuan menopause dapat diminimalisir dengan adanya dukungan sosial yang diberikan kepada perempuan menopause. Faktor yang mempengaruhi dukungan sosial ini salah satunya adalah hubungan intimasi dengan pasangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran dukungan sosial dan intimasi dengan pasangan serta hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan intimasi dengan pasangan pada perempuan menopause. Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan 110 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah kuesioner data demografi, terjemahan The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) dan Experience in Close Relationship (ECR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 60,9% perempuan menopause mendapatkan dukungan sosial tinggi dan 61,8% memiliki intimasi dengan pasangan yang aman atau baik (secure). Hasil utama penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan intimasi dengan pasangan pada perempuan menopause (p value <0,001). Hasil temuan penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya mempertahankan dalam memberikan dukungan sosial yang adekuat kepada perempuan menopause. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya agar dapat mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor lain yang berhubungan terhadap intimasi dengan pasangan selain dukungan sosial.

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The symptoms or physical changes that occur during menopause undoubtedly impact various aspects of life, one of which is the psychological aspect. Menopause affects several facets such as physical, mental, social, economic, and overall quality of life. The impact on menopausal women can be mitigated through the social support provided to them. One of the factors that influence this social support is the close relationship with a partner. The purpose of this study was to identify the description of social support and close relationship with a partner and the correlation between social support and close relationshop with a partner in menopausal women. This cross-sectional study involved 110 respondents selected using convenience sampling techniques. Data collection included demographic questionnaires, translations of The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) scale. The results of this study showed that 60.9% of menopausal women had high social support and 61.8% had secure intimacy with their partners. The main result show that there is a significant relationship between social support and close relationship with partners among menopausal women (p value <0.001). The findings of this study recommend the need to maintain in providing adequate social support to menopausal women. Recommendations for future research are to identify other factors related to intimacy with partners besides social support."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai gambaran ketangguhan perempuan serta faktorfaktor yang memengaruhi ketangguhan pascaerupsi Merapi. Motherhood spirit sebagai embrio dalam membentuk ketangguhan, yang termanifestasi dalam aspek maternal, sosial, dan politik. Dalam proses pembentukan ketangguhan, ada beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi yaitu faktor internal terkait dengan kemampuan dan kapasitas diri (cara pandang, sikap, keterampilan sosial dan komunikasi) serta faktor eksternal terkait dengan dukungan pihak luar (dukungan keluarga dan masyarakat).

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ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses the overview of women's resiliency and some factor which affect resilience after eruption. Motherhood spirit as an embryo in the form of women resiliency, which is manifested in aspect of maternal, social, and political. In the process of forming of resilience, there are several factor that affect women resilience, that is internal factor refer to internal capability and capacity (perspective, attitude, social and communication skill) as well as external factor associated with external support (family and sosial support)."

"Penyebaran gambar intim seksual non-konsensual atau non-consensual distribution of intimate image (NCDII) menunjukkan dominasi laki-laki atas perempuan yang dijadikan sebagai objek seksual. NCDII tidak hanya terbatas pada pembalasan dendam mantan pasangan saja, tetapi juga sebagai hiburan, pemenuhan hak seksual laki-laki, serta mencari keuntungan finansial dan status sosial. Hal ini yang menjadi tujuan Hunter Moore sebagai pendiri situs khusus NCDII, IsAnyoneUp.com. Hunter melakukan berbagai cara untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dan ketenaran dari situs tersebut, termasuk dengan meretas dan memanipulasi secara digital foto-foto intim seksual perempuan, kemudian mengunggahnya di situs miliknya. Perempuan korban yang merasakan dampak atas viktimisasi tersebut, tergerak untuk melakukan resistensi terhadap NCDII. Berdasarkan data sekunder yang bersumber dari e-book, artikel berita, serta film dokumenter, analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis wacana kritis feminis dan teori feminisme radikal sebagai teori utama. Tulisan ini mengkaji fenomena NCDII sebagai bentuk kekerasan seksual siber, dampak NCDII terhadap perempuan, serta bentuk resistensi yang dilakukan perempuan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebagai bagian dari patriarki, supremasi laki-laki dan sifat misoginis menjembatani laki-laki untuk melakukan tindak kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan, yakni NCDII. NCDII ini berdampak terhadap perempuan dan memicu munculnya berbagai bentuk resistensi, yakni resistensi yang terlewatkan, upaya resistensi, resistensi tersembunyi, proxy resistance, dan resistensi terbuka. Melalui resistensi tersebut, perempuan berhasil mendapatkan kembali hak-hak mereka yang dirampas oleh Hunter, sekaligus menumbuhkan kesadaran kritis di antara perempuan untuk turut serta melakukan perlawanan demi tercapainya perubahan sosial. Tindakan resistensi ini juga dapat dilihat sebagai upaya rekonstruksi melalui pembentukan wacana pengganti yang disebutkan oleh kriminologi konstitutif.

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Non-consensual distribution of intimate images (NCDII) reflects male domination over women who are used as sexual objects. NCDII is not only focused on revenge towards their ex, but also as entertainment, fulfillment of men's sexual rights, and to gain financial profit and social status. These goals were set by Hunter Moore, the founder of a site that focuses on NCDII, IsAnyoneUp.com. Hunter has used various ways to gain profit and popularity from the site, which includes hacking and digitally manipulating women's sexual intimate images and posting them on his site. Women victims who suffer from the impact of this victimization are motivated to resist the NCDII. Based on secondary data sourced from e-books, news articles, and documentary film, the analysis of data uses feminist critical discourse analysis techniques and radical feminism theory as the main theory. This paper examines the phenomenon of NCDII as a form of cyber sexual violence, the impact of NCDII on women, and the forms of the women's resistance. The results of the analysis reveal that male supremacism and misogyny, as part of patriarchy, has led men to commit NCDII. NCDII has also impacts on women and resulted in various forms of resistance, which include missed resistance, attempted resistance, covert resistance, proxy resistance, and overt resistance. Through this resistance, women were able to regain their rights that were violated by Hunter, and also developed a critical awareness among women to participate in resistance. This act of resistance can also be considered as an attempt of reconstruction through the establishment of replacement discourse which is mentioned by constitutive criminology."