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"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui waktu optimum pemajanan sinar ultraviolet (UV) yang menyebabkan mutasi pada bakteri penghasil vitamin BU Pseudomonas denitrificans BIOMCC B12 F942/288. Pemajanan sinar UV untuk perlakuan mutasi menggunakan illuminator UV pada panjang gelombang 254 nm dengan intensitas sebesar 590 uW/cm2. Waktu pemajanan optimum untuk perlakuan mutasi dengan sinar UV adalah yang menyebabkan rasio kematian 90?95%. Pengambilan data mutasi dengan variasi waktu pemajanan selama 30, 60, 90, dan 120 detik. Waktu pemajanan sinar UV yang menghasilkan rasio kematian 90-95% adalah 90 detik.

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Optimal time in ultraviolet illumination as mutagen for bacteria vitamin BU producer Pseudomonas denitrificans Schlegel BioMCC BI2 F942/288 had been researched. Ultraviolet was illuminated at wavelength 254 nm with intensity 590 uW/cm2. Optimal time of illumination will make 90?95% death rate. Illumination was done in several variation time (30,60,90, and 120 second). Optimal time for make 90?95% death rate of bacteria vitamin 812 producer Pseudomonas denitrificans Schlegel BioMCC B!2 F942/288 is 90 second."

"Gliserol, produk sampingan dari produksi biodiesel, telah menarik perhatian yang signifikan untuk potensinya dalam menghasilkan bahan kimia bernilai tinggi melalui proses inovatif. Studi ini mengeksplorasi potensi ekonomi dari oksidasi gliserol menggunakan metode fotoelektrokimia (PEC) dengan BiVO4 sebagai fotoanoda. Tujuan utamanya adalah menerapkan oksidasi gliserol menggunakan BiVO4 yang dimodifikasi dengan iradiasi UV/Ozon sebagai fotoanoda. Studi ini menyelidiki efek perlakuan UV/Ozon pada sampel BiVO4 selama 5 dan 10 menit. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menganalisis proses elektrokimia melalui teknik seperti Voltametri Siklis (CV), Voltametri Sapu Linear (LSV), dan Spektroskopi Impedansi Elektrokimia (EIS), dengan variasi molaritas gliserol di 0.5 M-2 M. pada pengukuran CV dan LSV terjadi peningkatan signifikan pada BiVO4 yang disinari sinar UV/Ozon selama 5 menit pada 0.5 molar gliserol dengan nilai current 1.187 dan 1.028 mA memiliki peningkatan sekitar 80% dibandingkan dengan BiVO4 pristine. namun, dalam peningkatan molaritas gliserol menuju 1 M dan 2 M, penurunan pada BiVO4 yang disinari UV/Ozon selama 5 dan 10 menit mengalami perbedaan sedikit dibandingkan dengan bivo4 pristine. dapat terlihat bahwa nilai CV dan LSV pada bivo4 yang disinari sinar UV/Ozon selama 5 dan 10 menit dalam 1 M gliserol berada pada nilai range 0.600-0.722mA dimana sedikit mendekati nilai BiVO4 pristine yang ada pada renge 0.515-0.632mA. jika dibandingkan dengan 2M peningkatan justru terjadi pada BiVO4 pristine yang memiliki range 0.900-1055mA dibandingkan dengan BiVO4 yang disinari sinar UV/Ozon selama 5 dan 10 menit yang memiliki range 0.500-0.800mA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan modifikasi dalam proses oksidasi di bawah kondisi ini, memberikan wawasan tentang peningkatan sifat elektrokimia dan potensi aplikasi industri.

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Glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, has garnered significant attention for its potential to produce high-value chemicals through innovative processes. This study explores the economic potential of glycerol oxidation using photoelectrochemical (PEC) methods with BiVO4 as the photoanode. The primary objective is to apply glycerol oxidation using UV/Ozone-modified BiVO4 as the photoanode. The study investigates the effects of UV/Ozone treatment on BiVO4 samples for 5 and 10 minutes. Measurements were conducted by analyzing the electrochemical process using techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), with glycerol molarity variations ranging from 0.5 M to 2 M. In CV and LSV measurements, there was a significant increase in UV/Ozone-irradiated BiVO4 for 5 minutes at 0.5 molar glycerol, with current values of 1.187 and 1.028 mA, representing an approximately 80% increase compared to pristine BiVO4. However, with increasing glycerol molarity to 1 M and 2 M, the UV/Ozone-irradiated BiVO4 samples for 5 and 10 minutes showed slight differences compared to pristine BiVO4. It can be seen that the CV and LSV values for UV/Ozoneirradiated BiVO4 for 5 and 10 minutes in 1 M glycerol were in the range of 0.600-0.722 mA, slightly approaching the pristine BiVO4 values of 0.515-0.632 mA. In contrast, at 2 M glycerol, pristine BiVO4 showed an increase, with a range of 0.900-1.055 mA compared to UV/Ozone-irradiated BiVO4 for 5 and 10 minutes, which had a range of 0.500-0.800mA. This research aims to illustrate modifications in the oxidation process under these conditions, providing insights into the enhancement of electrochemical properties and potential industrial applications."

"Dalam setiap pengukuran sinar-X dengan menggunakan detector, noise dan spektrum yang bukan berasal dari sumber yang kita inginkan pasti akan terjadi sehingga menyebabkan interpretasi hasil pengukuran tidak akurat. Noise spektrum lain yang muncul dalam pengukuran dapat dikoreksi dengan menggunakan bantuan metode unfolding. Metode unfolding membutuhkan bantuan matrik respon detektor pada kondisi ideal untuk mengkoreksi hasil pengukurann. Matrik respon dibuat pada rentang 2keV-100keV menggunakan simulasi spektrum diskrit dengan program simulasi monte carlo egsnrcMP. Matrik respon yang dibuat telah berhasil menghilangkan noise pada hasil pengukuran spektrum pada tegangan tabung sinarX 40kV, 50kV, 70kV dan 80kV. Akan tetapi noise akibat noise respon dari matrik respon pada eneri rendah muncul cukup signifikan pada energy 20keV-30keV.

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In every x-ray measurement using a detector, noise and spectrum which not from the source that we did not expected is always created so it makes an inaccurate result interprentation. Other spectrum which appear in measurement can be corrected using unfolding method. Unfolding method needs a matrix respone detector help in ideal condition to correct measurement result. Matrix respone is created in 2keV-100keV using diskrit spectrum simulation in monte carlo egsnrcMP program. Matrix respone that made dissapeared the noise in spectrum measurement result in 40kV, 50kV, 70kV and 80kV x-ray voltage tube. But noise respone which from lower energy matrix respone is appear signivicanly in 20keV-30keV energy."

"Analisis struktur kristal merupakan salah satu bagian dari analisis struktur mikro suatu material. Untuk menganalisis struktur kristal dapat digunakan metode difraksi sinar-X (XRD). Dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya diperoleh bahwa fasa baru CaMnO3 dan LaMnO3 terbentuk pada proses milling selama 12 jam dan pemanasan 1000 ºC selama 9 jam. Studi analisis struktur kristal CaMnO3 dan LaMnO3 dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui proses refinement menggunakan program Fullprof terhadap data hasil difraksi sinar-X yang telah didapatkan pada penelitian sebelumnya. CaMnO3 memiliki analisis yang baik pada sistem kristal orthorhombik space group Pnma dengan parameter kisi pada temperatur 300 K adalah a = 5.2626 Å, b = 7.4438 Å, dan c = 5.2167 Å sedangkan LaMnO3 memiliki analisis yang baik pada sistem kristal monoklinik space group P1121/a dengan parameter kisi pada temperatur 300 K adalah a = 5.4864 Å, b = 7.7905 Å, c= 5.5304 Å, dan sudut γ = 90.779 0.

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Crystal structure analysis represents one part of the microstructure analysis for materials. To analyze crystal structure can use X-Ray Diffraction method (XRD). From result of earlier research the new phase of CaMnO3 and LaMnO3 formed by milling process 12 hours and heating process 9 hours at temperature 1000 0C. The analyze study of crystal structure of CaMnO3 and LaMnO3 at this research result by refinement process with Fullprof program based on X-Ray Diffraction data from earlier research. CaMnO3 is good analysis at crystal system on orthorhombic space group Pnma with lattice parameter at temperature 300 K is a = 5.2626 Å, b = 7.4438 Å, and c = 5.2167 Å meanwhile LaMnO3 is good analysis at crystal system on monoclinic space group P1121/a with lattice parameter at temperature 300 K is a = 5.4864 Å, b = 7.7905 Å, c = 5.5304 Å, and γ angle = 90.779 0."

"ABSTRAKSweet sorghum is a kind of sorghum that contains high content of sugar in its stem. Sweet sorghum has a big potential to be developed in Indonesia owing to its wide adaptation and the fact that it can be used as raw material for liquid sugar, syrup, ethanol, and also as animal feed. Sweet sorghum has not been developed in Indonesia because of lack of a sweet sorghum variety. Improvement of available sweet sorghum genotype can be done among others through plant breeding program. First step on the plant breeding program is to increase the plant genetic variability. This might be done by introduction of varieties or by breeding to create new varieties. Induced mutation using Gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sweet sorghum. Mutation breeding using Gamma irradiation in sweet sorghum was aimed at improving the yield and quality of sweet sorghum.This research was conducted to study the effect of Gamma irradiation on sweet sorghum growth in the M1 generation, and to estimate the optimal dose range suitably for the breeding program. Beside, the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability for the purpose of plant selection in the M2 generation.Plant materials consisted of 2 sweet sorghum lines introduced from ICRISAT namely line No. 79 and No. 83. Non-saccharin sorghum of local variety Fiigari was used as a control. The doses of Gamma irradiation treatment were 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 Gy. The Ml plants were sown in greenhouse at PATIR-BATAN Jakarta, and then were transplanted in the experimental field at Balitbiogen, Bogor. The M2 plants were grown in the experimental field at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta. Important agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike were observed.The results indicated that sorghum lines gave different response to Gamma irradiation, and all measured variables were significantly affected. Irradiation gave morphology and physiology damages on sorghum like abnormality, sterility, and lethality in the Ml generation. The increase of irradiation doses increased physiological damage. Effective doses of Gamma irradiation for sweet sorghum was to be around 400-500 Gy, and the lethal doses 50% of sweet sorghum was around 800-1000 Gy. Putative mutation sometimes could be observed in the M2 generation. The treatment of Gamma increased genetic variability of plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike. The highest genetic variability was found in the dose treatment of 200-300 Gy. Within this interval dose, there might be high probability to find desirable mutants for further breeding purpose. A number of 38 plants had been selected from the M2 population as putative mutants."

"Telah dilakukan pengukuran faktor keluaran (OF) berkas sinar-X 6 MV dan 10 MV untuk lapangan bujur sangkar dan persegi panjang produksi linac varian 2100C. Ukuran lapangan yang digunakan berkisar dari 4x4 cm2 sampai 30x30 cm2 . Pengukuran dilakukan pada kedalaman efektif pengukuran 5,2 cm dan 10,2 cm dengan SSD 100 cm. Pada lapangan persegi panjang nilai OF didapatkan dengan metode pengukuran langsung dan kalkulasi dengan metode Sterlling. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan hasil OF keduanya memiliki perbedaan yang sangat kecil untuk kedua berkas energi sinar-X pada masing-masing bentuk lapangan. Nilai OF mengalami kenaikan seiring meningkatnya ukuran lapangan yang digunakan. Penentuan nilai OF dengan menggunakan metode Sterllling dan pengukuran langsung pada lapangan persegi panjang juga tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Kata kunci : faktor keluaran, lapangan bujur sangkar, lapangan persegi panjang, sinar-X 6 MV dan 10 MV.

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The measurement has been performed to know the output factors (OF) of 6 MV and 10 MV X-ray beams for square and rectangular fields. The field size used for the measurement range between from 4x4 cm2 to 30x30 cm2. The measurement were done at effective depths of 5,2 cm and 10,2 cm with SSD 100 cm. On the rectangular field, OF was obtained by direct measurement method and calculated by Sterlling method. The results of measurement showed that both OF’s results have very small differences for both energies on each field shape. The OF’s values increase along with the field size increase. The OF values determined by using calculated Sterlling method and direct measurement on rectangular field do not show significant differences."