Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Teluk Jakarta memiliki potensi untuk tercemar oleh senyawa hidrokarbon mengingat letaknya yang berada dalam jalur lalu lintas pelayaran yang padat dan tempat bermuaranya sungai Ciliwung. Penetitian ini bermaksud mengetahui distribusi n-alkana dalam sedimen laut dan masing-masing stasiun di Teluk Jakarta dengan menggunakan instmmen kromatografi gas. Sampel diambil pada tanggal 24, 26, dan 28 Mei 2004 dari 6 stasiun yang tersebar di wilayah Barat, Tengah, dan Timur Teluk Jakarta yakni stasiun 1, 29, 9, IS, 17, 23. Metode petigambilan sampet sedimen dilakukan dengan metode grab (sesaat) dengan stasiun kontrol 29 diambil di tcmpat yang lebih jauh dari pantai. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini secara keseluruhan sedimen laut dari masing-masing stasiun di Teluk Jakarta menunjukkan adanya distribusi n-alkana pada rentang Cu - CM yang didominasi oleh alkana dengan jumlah atom karbon genap. Hasil analisa GC menunjukkan sedimen laut Teluk Jakarta mengandung sumber hidrokarbon alamiah yang berasal dari alga merah (rhodophyta) atau alga biru (cyanophyla).

---

There are high potensial of hidrocarbon polutant in Jakarta bay, as a consequence of its location for port and estuary of Ciliwung rivers. This study wants to know distribution of n-alkana*s in each one of six stations in Jakarta bay. The date of sampling is on 24, 26, and 28 of May in 2004, using Grab method. The result point out that all of the sediment from the sampling site to be dominated by n-alkana, especialy with hidrocarbon's range C|4 - C&- The chromatogram of sedimen sample in Jakarta Bay result indicates that it contains natural hydrocarbon substances originated from red algae (rhodophyta) and blue algae (cyanophyta) species."

"ABSTRAKLebih kurang 5 juta ton hidrokarbo'n yang berasal dari minyak bumimencemari lautan di seluaih dunia tiap tahunnya. Sedimen laut Teluk Jakartamemiliki potensi untuk tercemar oleh senyawa hidrokarbon mengingatletaknya yang berada dalam jalur lalu lintas pelayaran yang padat.Penelitian ini bermaksud mengetahui distribusi n-alkana dalamsedimen laut dari maslng-masing staslun di Teluk Jakarta denganmenggunakan Instrumen kromatografi gas. Sampel diambil pada tanggal 24,26. dan 28 Mel 2004 dari 6 staslun yang tersebar dl wllayah Barat, Tengah,dan TImur Teluk Jakarta yaknl staslun 1, 29, 9, 15, 17, 25. Metodepengambllan sampel sedimen dllakukan dengan metode grab (sesaat)dengan staslun kontrol 29 diambll dl tempat yang leblh jauh dari pantal.Hasll yang diperoleh dari penelitian Inl secara keseluruhan sedimenlaut dari maslng-masing staslun dl Teluk Jakarta menunjukkan adanyadistribusi n-alkana pada rentang Cu - C26 yang didomlnasi oleh alkanadengan jumlah atom karbon genap. Hasll anallsa GC menunjukkan sbdimenlaut Teluk Jakarta mengandung sumber hidrokarbon alamlah yang berasaldari alga merah (rhodophyta) atau alga biru (cyanophyta)."

"ABSTRAKEksplorasi dan produksi minyak dan gas bumi migas di Indonesia sampai sekarang masih terfokus pada migas konvensional dibandingkan migas nonkonvensional seperti hidrokarbon serpih. Hidrokarbon serpih adalah salah satu sumber energi migas yang terdapat di batuan induk memiliki material organik yang kaya dan telah mencapai kematangan, pada kondisi dan tipe tertentu dapat berfungsi sebagai reservoar minyak dan gas. Formasi Talang Akar adalah batuan induk dari Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara, berpotensi sebagai sistem petroleum nonkonvensional. Pada penelitian ini diintegrasikan analisis geokimia batuan induk, sifat fisika batuan dan interpretasi seismik yang menjadi dasar untuk melihat hubungan kekayaan dan kematangan material organik serta pesebarannya sebagai potensi hidrokarbon serpih di Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. Hasil analisis geokimia batuan induk pada Formasi Talang Akar didapat tingkat kekayaan materi organik berkisar antara 0.57 ndash;1.81 wt fair-good , jendela awal kematangan pada kedalaman 3200 m dan tipe kerogen II/III menghasilkan minyak dan gas. Analisis sifat fisik batuan meliputi perhitungan Vshale, porositas, saturasi dan perhitungan TOC secara kontinu menggunakan Metode Passey untuk mengetahui nilai TOC pada setiap kedalaman pada Formasi Talang Akar. Hasil analisis selanjutnya adalah melakukan interpretasi seismik dengan metode inversi impedansi akustik model based untuk melihat persebaran batuan serpih dengan nilai 32000 ndash;54000 ft/s g/cc, arah penyebaran batuan serpih sebagai potensi hidrokarbon serpih berada di barat dan barat laut daerah penelitian. Kata Kunci:. Eksplorasi dan Produksi Migas, Hidrokarbon Serpih, Material Organik, Formasi Talang Akar, Geokimia Batuan Induk, Sifat Fisika Batuan, Inversi Seismik Impedansi Akustik

---

ABSTRACTShale Hydrocarbon Analysis Based on Geochemical and Seismic Data in Northwest Java BasinAbstract Hydrocarbon exploration and production in Indonesia until now still focused on conventional energy rather than unconventional energy, which is shale hydrocarbon. Shale hydrocarbon is one of energy which contained in source rock that has high organic richness and been reached, in specific condition could be reservoir rock. Talang Akar Formation is source rock of Northwest Java Sedimentary Basin. This research was conducted on the integration of the three methods including organic geochemical analysis, seismic interpretation and petrophysics which became the basis for the wealth of organic material see the relationship and maturity of organic material also the distribution on the potential of shale hydrocarbon in the region. The analysis of Organic Geochemistry in Talang Akar Formation obtained the level of wealth of organic matter ranged from 0.57 ndash 1.81 wt fair good , the initial maturity of the window at a depth of 3200 m and category II III kerogen type produces oil and gas. The analysis of petrophysics which include calculation of TOC based on Passey Method continuously, the results of the analysis of this petrophysics validated with the value of the laboratory analysis. The next step is doing seismic interpretation with acoustic impedance inversion method to see the spread of the shale rocks with a value 32000 ndash 54000 ft s g cc, the direction of spread of shale rocks as shale hydrocarbon potential in the West and Northwest areas of research area. Keyword Hydrocarbon exploration, unconventional energy, geochemical, shale hydrocarbon, Organic Geochemistry, Talang Akar Formation, Acoustic Impedance Seismic Inversion."

"Dalam tahapan awal eksplorasi hydorkarbon, diperlukan suatu metode awal yang dapat mendeteksi adanya perangkap hydrokarbon dimana perangkap ini disebabkan oleh adanya struktur patahan. Metode Magnetik adalah salah satu metode Geofisika yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui struktur permukaan bawah tanah, sehingga metode magnetik ini digunakan untuk menduga lokasi struktur patahan yang berlaku sebagai perangkap hydrokarbon. Dari hasil data pengukuran, kita mengaplikasikan KOREKSI DIURNAL dan KOREKSI IGRF, kemudian dilakukan UP WARD CONTINUATION untuk menghilangkan efek?efek lokal, dan ketika pemodelan digunakan metode FORWARD MODELLING untuk memperoleh gambaran awal mengenai struktur perlapisan bawah tanah. Daerah penelitian didominasi oleh lapisan sedimen dan juga banyak fosil?fosil yang tersingkap ke permukaan, hal ini dapat menjadi indikasi awal keberadaan hydokarbon pada daerah tersebut. Lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh nilai anomali negatif yang dikarenakan tebalnya lapisan sedimen yang memiliki nilai suseptibilitas rendah dan kenaikan anomali cenderung dikarenakan oleh adanya kenaikan lapisan dan juga kehadiran lapisan yang lebih magnetik. Dari hasil pemodelan diketahui terdapat 2 patahan yang diperkirakan menjadi perangkap hydrokarbon dimana pada daerah tersebut ditunjukkan adanya perubahan nilai anomali magnetik yang drastis.

---

In the first step on hydrocarbon exploration, we need some preface method that can detect the hydrocarbon trap where it was because fault structure. Magnetic method was one of geophysics methods that can use to know the structure under the surface. After the aqusition data, we apply the DIURNAL CORRECTION and IGRF CORRECTION, after that we apply UP WARD CONTINATION to separate from local effect, and at modelling we use the FORWARD MODELLING to estimate the structure under surface. The exploration territory was dominated by sediment rock and many fossil show up into the surface, and this is can be first indication that in that place there are hydrocarbon. Location of exploration was dominated by negative anomaly and this is because the thick of sediment rock and the rise of anomaly because there was some layer go up into the surface and also because there are more magnetic layer. From the modelling result we know they are 2 fault that can be indicated the hydrocarbon trap where in that place occur drasctic anomaly changing."

"Penelitian tentang kandungan bahan organik, senyawa n-alkana, aromatik, dan total hidrokarbon dalam sedimen di perairan Raha, Sulawesi Tenggara telah dilakukan pada Juni 2001. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sedimen di stasiun 1 dan 4 telah tercemar oleh hidrokarbon minyak bumi. Hal ini tampak dari perbandingan antara F1/F2 (fraksi hidrokarbon jenuh/fraksi hidrokarbon aromatik) > 1. Sedangkan berdasarkan kandungan total hidrokarbonnya, menurut kriteria dari NAS (National Academy of Science) hanya sedimen di stasiun 2 dan 5 yang telah tercemar oleh senyawa hidrokarbon minyak bumi (>100 ppm).

---

The content of organic material, n-alkana, aromatic compound and hydrocarbon total in the sediment was carried out in the waters of Raha, Southeast of Sulawesi. Investigation on content of organic material, n-alkana, aromatic compound and hydrocarbon total in the sediment was carried out in the waters of Raha, Southeast of Sulawesi in June 2001. The results showed that the sediment at station 1 and 4 were polluted by hydrocarbon compound. This condition is showed by F1/F2 ratio (comparation between saturated hydrocarbon fraction with aromatic hydrocarbons fraction) > 1. According to NAS (National Academy of Science) criteria on total hydrocarbon content, station 2 and 5 only were polluted by hydrocarbons compound (>100 ppm)."

"[Lapangan X merupakan lapangan mature yang berada di Cekungan Sumatera Tengah. Lapangan ini memiliki struktur antiklin produk dari reverse oblique-slip fault yang membentuk zona patahan di sisi Barat Lapangan X. Zona ini terbukti menghasilkan hidrokarbon ditunjukan oleh sumur produksi X-027, X-153 dan X 154. Sehingga zona patahan ini memiliki potensi untuk di eksplorasi lebih lanjut. Namun, kondisi seismik di zona ini chaotic sehingga sulit untuk menginterpretasikan zona patahan. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode geoelectric IVEL dan continuous wavelet transform (CWT) untuk mendapatkan informasi keberadaan hidrokarbon dizona patahan Lapangan X. Geoelectric IVEL (Inversion Vertical Electrical Logging) menggunakan metode vertical sounding schlumberger yang diolah untuk menghasilkan penampang resistivitas medium. Hasil penampang resistivitas medium pada penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kemiripan nilai resitivitas dengan nilai log resistivitas sumur untuk zona reservoar 350sd dan 550sd (10-20 ohmm). Nilai resistivitas ini terlihat juga di zona patahan yang dijadikan indikator hidrokarbon. Hasil dalam domain kedalaman membantu dalam interpretasi kedalaman reservoar di zona patahan. Analisis continuous wavelet transform (CWT) pada penelitian ini menunjukan amplitudo tinggi pada frekuensi rendah 5-20 Hz dan merupakan indikasi adanya hidrokarbon. Amplitudo tinggi pada frekuensi rendah telihat juga di zona patahan, pada posisi dimana IVEL menunjukan nilai resistivitas sebagai indikator.

---

Hidrocarbon X field is a mature field in Central Sumatera Basin. It has anticline structure as a result of reverse oblique-slip fault that produces fault zone in the North side of X Field. It is proved hydrocarbon with the production well X-027, X-153 and X-154. However, it is very difficult to interpret the fault zone with the available seismic data because of the chaotic seismic condition in fault zone. This study uses Ivel Geoelectric method and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to get hydrocarbon indicator in fault zone. Geoelectric IVEL (Inversion Vertical Electrical Logging) using vertical sounding schlumberger is processed to get medium resistivity section. Medium resistivity section from geoelectrical IVEL at reservoir zone showes similar resistivity value with resistivity log (10-20ohm) for reservoar 350sd and 550sd. This value is showed in fault zone as hydrocarbon indicator. Medium resistivity geoelectrical IVEL is depth domain. It is helpful for interpretation of reservoir depth at fault zone, that is not able to be done by seismic. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) showes high amplitude at low frequency (5-20Hz) as hydrocarbon indicator. High amplitude at low frequency is showed in fault zone where IVEL showes the hydrocarbon indicator;X field is a mature field in Central Sumatera Basin. It has anticline structure as a

result of reverse oblique-slip fault that produces fault zone in the North side of X Field. It is proved hydrocarbon with the production well X-027, X-153 and X-154. However, it is very difficult to interpret the fault zone with the available seismic data because of the chaotic seismic condition in fault zone. This study uses Ivel Geoelectric method and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to get hydrocarbon indicator in fault zone. Geoelectric IVEL (Inversion Vertical Electrical Logging) using vertical sounding schlumberger is processed to get medium resistivity section. Medium resistivity section from geoelectrical IVEL at reservoir zone showes similar resistivity value with resistivity log (10-20ohm) for reservoar 350sd and 550sd. This value is showed in fault zone as hydrocarbon indicator. Medium resistivity geoelectrical IVEL is depth domain. It is helpful for interpretation of reservoir depth at fault zone, that is not able to be done by seismic. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) showes high amplitude at low frequency (5-20Hz) as hydrocarbon indicator. High amplitude at low frequency is showed in fault zone where IVEL showes the hydrocarbon indicator;X field is a mature field in Central Sumatera Basin. It has anticline structure as a result of reverse oblique-slip fault that produces fault zone in the North side of X Field. It is proved hydrocarbon with the production well X-027, X-153 and X-154. However, it is very difficult to interpret the fault zone with the available seismic data because of the chaotic seismic condition in fault zone. This study uses Ivel Geoelectric method and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to get hydrocarbon indicator in fault zone. Geoelectric IVEL (Inversion Vertical Electrical Logging) using vertical sounding schlumberger is processed to get medium resistivity section. Medium resistivity section from geoelectrical IVEL at reservoir zone showes similar resistivity value with resistivity log (10-20ohm) for reservoar 350sd and 550sd. This value is showed in fault zone as hydrocarbon indicator. Medium resistivity geoelectrical IVEL is depth domain. It is helpful for interpretation of reservoir depth at fault zone, that is not able to be done by seismic. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) showes high amplitude at low frequency (5-20Hz) as hydrocarbon indicator. High amplitude at low frequency is showed in fault zone where IVEL showes the hydrocarbon indicator.;X field is a mature field in Central Sumatera Basin. It has anticline structure as a

result of reverse oblique-slip fault that produces fault zone in the North side of X Field. It is proved hydrocarbon with the production well X-027, X-153 and X-154. However, it is very difficult to interpret the fault zone with the available seismic because of the chaotic seismic condition in fault zone. This study uses IVEL Geoelectric method and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to get hydrocarbon indicator in fault zone. Geoelectric IVEL (Inversion Vertical Electrical Logging) using vertical sounding schlumberger is processed to get medium resistivity section. Medium resistivity section from geoelectrical IVEL at reservoir zone showes similar resistivity value with resistivity log (10-20ohm) for reservoar 350sd and 550sd. This value is showed in fault zone as hydrocarbon indicator. Medium resistivity geoelectrical IVEL is depth domain. It is helpful for interpretation of reservoir depth at fault zone, that is not able to be done by seismic. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) showes high amplitude at low frequency (5-20Hz) as hydrocarbon indicator. High amplitude at low frequency is showed in fault zone where IVEL showes the hydrocarbon indicator, X field is a mature field in Central Sumatera Basin. It has anticline structure as a

result of reverse oblique-slip fault that produces fault zone in the North side of X

Field. It is proved hydrocarbon with the production well X-027, X-153 and X-154.

However, it is very difficult to interpret the fault zone with the available seismic data

because of the chaotic seismic condition in fault zone. This study uses Ivel

Geoelectric method and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to get hydrocarbon

indicator in fault zone.

Geoelectric IVEL (Inversion Vertical Electrical Logging) using vertical sounding

schlumberger is processed to get medium resistivity section. Medium resistivity

section from geoelectrical IVEL at reservoir zone showes similar resistivity value

with resistivity log (10-20ohm) for reservoar 350sd and 550sd. This value is showed

in fault zone as hydrocarbon indicator. Medium resistivity geoelectrical IVEL is

depth domain. It is helpful for interpretation of reservoir depth at fault zone, that is

not able to be done by seismic. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) showes high

amplitude at low frequency (5-20Hz) as hydrocarbon indicator. High amplitude at

low frequency is showed in fault zone where IVEL showes the hydrocarbon indicator]"

"Perhitungan cadangan hidrokarbon merupakan suatu kajian untuk mengetahui jumlah minyak dan gas dari suatu lapangan yang diindikasikan memiliki cadangan hidrokarbon. Untuk mendapatkan perkiraan jumlah cadangan dilakukan beberapa proses yang terutama adalah pemodelan reservoar yang dapat dibagi menjadi dua tahap utama yaitu pemodelan struktur dan pemodelan properti. Analisis petrofisika bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter petrofisika yang berguna untuk karakterisasi batuan reservoar. Pada penelitian kali ini didapatkan bahwa batuan reservoar memiliki nilai porositas rata – rata sebesar 0.2, nilai kandungan lempung rata – rata sebesar 0.6 dan nilai saturasi air rata – rata sebesar 0.5. Analisis multiatribut seismik digunakan untuk melakukan persebaran parameter petrofisika pada volum seismik. Atribut yang digunakan adalah inversi seismik sebagai atribut eksternal, Instantaneous Frequency, Amplitude Envelope, Cosine Instantaneous Phase dan Instantaneous Phase. Berdasarkan hasil analisis petrofisika dan pemodelan reservoar didapatkan potensi gas pada area sumur SMR-01 dengan arah persebaran reservoar pada azimuth 45˚ dengan nilai major direction 3700 dan minor direction 3200. Lapangan “MSS” didapatkan perkiraan cadangan jumlah GIIP sebesar 776553 103 sm3.

---

Calculation of hydrocarbon reserves is a study to determine the amount of oil and gas from a field which is indicated to have hydrocarbon reserves. To get an estimate of the amount of reserves, several processes are carried out, mainly reservoir modelling can be divided into two main stages, structural modelling and property modelling. Petrophysical analysis aims to obtain petrophysical parameters that are useful for characterizing reservoir rocks. In this study, it was found that the reservoir rock has an average porosity value is 0.2, an average clay content value is 0.6 and an average water saturation value is 0.5. Seismic multi-attribute analysis was used to perform the distribution of petrophysical parameters on seismic volume. The attributes used are seismic inversion as an external attribute, Instantaneous Frequency, Amplitude Envelope, Cosine Instantaneous Phase and Instantaneous Phase. Based on the results of petrophysical analysis and reservoir modelling, The gas reserves found in the SMR-01 well area with the reservoir distribution direction is 45˚ azimuth with a major direction value of 3700 and a minor direction of 3200. "MSS" field estimated reserves of GIIP are 776553 103 sm3."

"Integrasi dari data sumur dan data seismik sangat berguna untuk mendapatkan interpretasi yang baik dalam proses eksplorasi hidrokarbon. Beberapa metode yang mengintegrasikan kedua data tersebut antara lain, metode inversi impedansi akustik dan metode seismik multiatribut. Metode inversi impedansi akustik dilakukan untuk memprediksi informasi sifat fisis bumi berdasarkan informasi rekaman seismik yang diperoleh. Pada metode ini, sifat fisis bumi yang dimodelkan adalah impedansi akustik. Sedangkan metode seismik multiatribut metode yang menggunakan lebih dari satu atribut untuk memprediksi beberapa properti fisik dari bumi. Metode ini digunakan untuk memprediksi persebaran porositas dari volum seismik. Kedua metode ini digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi reservoar pada lapangan F3 di Belanda yang diduga terdapat akumulasi hidrokarbon. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya fenomena bright spots dan gas chimneys pada bawah permukaan yang berasosiasi dengan adanya akumulasi gas pada lapangan tersebut.

---

Integration of well and seismic data are very useful to get good interpretation in the process of hydrocarbon exploration. Several methods that integrate both data are seismic inversion and multi-attribute seismic. Acoustic impedance inversion method is used to predict the physical properties of the earth based on information obtained by the seismic record. Multi-attribute seismic method is seismic method that uses more than one attribute to predict physical properties of the earth. This method is used to predict the distribution of porosity from seismic volume, which are applied to characterize the reservoir in the field F3 in the Netherland. The field has been indicated to have an accumulation of hydrocarbons. This indication can be seen from the phenomena of bright spots and gas chimneys on the sub-surface expressions which is associated with the accumulation of gas in the field."