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"General aim: this study aims to determine the prevalence of sensitization reaction on exposed and unexposed groups of workers at a latex factory. Specific aim: to determine the latex allergen sensitization reaction and factors such as atopy, age, sex, smoking, length of working, exposure concentration.Sample and method: the sample population consists of workers at a sphygmomanometer and condom factory who were, exposed and un-exposed to latex material at the factory. The number of sample was determined based on the two proportion formula.This study was a cross-sectional study using the Chi square test, Fisher test, Mann Whitney test, and Kruskal Wallis test.The results of the study and conclusion: The prevalence oj latex allergen sensitization reaction in the exposed group was 2.38%, while in the un-exposed group 3.33%. The correlation between exposed and un-exposed group to the latex allergen sensitization reaction (overall) was not significant (p=0.l8I), but if the correlation of each factor was calculated, the most significant correlation was between the negative latex allergen sensitization reaction with a strength of +2 or above (p=O.OJ4).In this study, atopy (p=0.000), exposed concentration (p=0.014), and smoking (p=0.018) are factors that were associated with latex allergen sensitization reaction. Workers at the condom factory were at higher risk than those at the sphygmomanometer factory, with a prevalence oj'7.14% and 2.31% respectively."

"Penelitian ini adalah penelitian berbasis komuniias untuk memperoleh gambaran kadar alergen tungau debu rumah (TDR) dan sensitisasi alergen sebagai faktor risiko asma. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan responden 3.840 pelajar sekolah menengah pertama dari 19 sekolah yang dipilih secara acak dari 131 sekolah di Jakarta Pusat. Seinua responden mengisi kuesioner International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC). Dari 3.840 responden, 288 (7,5%) digolongkan dalatn kelompok asma karena mempunyai riwayat mengi selama 12 bulan terakhir. Pada kelompok asma, 207 responden melakukan uji kulit dan 135 diambil sampel debu rumah. Dari 2.601 responden yang tidak memiliki riwayat asma atau atopi lain, dipilih secara acak 274 orang untuk uji kulit dan 165 di antaranya diambil sampel debu rumah. Kadar alergen TDR tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok asma maupun non-asma baik untuk Der pi, Der fl, rnaupun Grup I. Risiko asma terutama disebabkan oleh sensitisasi alergen TDR D.pteronyssinuss (rasio odds (OR):12,68, interval kepercayaan (Cl): 7,50-21,44), D.farinae (OR: 10,50, CI: 6,35-17,34), serta kecoak (OR-.5.57, Cf:3,44-9.0l). Perbedaan risiko asma tidak berhubungan dengan tinggi rendahnya kadar alergen TDR tetapi oleh sensitisasinya. Kesimpulannya, sensitisasi alergen TDR dan kecoak perlu diperhatikan dalam upaya menurunkan risiko dan prevalensi asma. (MedJ Indones 2006; 15:55-9).

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This study is a community-based study to get an overview about House Dust Mite (HDM) allergen level, allergen sensitization as risk factors of asthma. This is a cross-sectional study on 3,840 students from 19 junior high schools, aged 13-14 years. AH of the respondents filled out the International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire. Of 3840 respondents, 288 (7.5%) were assigned to asthma group (experience wheezing during the last 12 months). The skin prick test was performed on 207 respondents and the house dust mite was collected from 135 respondents. Of 2601 respondents in non-asthma group, the skin prick test was randomly performed on 274 respondents and the house dust mite was collected from 165 respondents. There is no significant difference on HDM allergen concentration for Der pi, Derfl or Group I between asthma and control group. The risk of asthma was caused especially by sen D.pteronyssinus (crude odds ration (OR): 12.68, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 7.50-21.44), D.farinae (OR: 10.50, Cl: 6.35-17.34) and cockroach allergen {OR: 5.57, Cl:3.44-9.01). The risk for asthma was not correlated with the level of house dust mile allergens but its sensitization. In conclusion, sensitization to HDM and cockroach allergen should be concerned in order to reduce risk and prevalence of asthma. (MedJ Indones 2006; 15:55-9)."

"Background The prevalence of allergic disease to be increasing across the world. More than 20 of the population worldwide suffer from diseases which mediated by immunoglobulin E, such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema. There is no data about allergen sensitization of allergic disease in Manado.Objective The purpose of this study is to know the allergen sensitization in children with allergic diseases atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma . Children were divided into group less than and more than or equal to 3 years old, which was evidenced by skin prick test or IgE Atopy test in Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado.Methods This study was a descriptive cross sectional study, conducted from June until August 2016.Results A total of 95 children were included in the study, of which 77 children were ge 3 years old and 18 children were 3 years old. Seventy five children underwent skin prick test and 20 children underwent IgEAtopy test. In 3 years old children, there were 14 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 4 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and asthma. In ge 3 years old children, the most common diagnosis was allergic rhinitis, as many as 21 children. Allergen sensitization found in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis asthma was cow rsquo s milk, house dust mites and egg white. Sensitization to house dust mites most commonly found in patients with atopic dermatitis. The most common allergen sensitization in ge 3 years old children was house dust mites, egg white, potatoes, dog fur, cow 39 s milk, wheat flour and soya formula.Conclusion The most common allergen sensitization in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis is cow 39 s milk, while in children with asthma and atopic dermatitis is house dust mites, whereas in ge 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, or combination of the disease is house dust mites."

"Latar Belakang : Skin prick test SPT merupakan baku emas mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen, namun memiliki keterbatasan. Pemeriksaan IgE spesifik merupakan pemeriksaan in vitro, nyaman dan tidak ada risiko anafilaksis.Tujuan: Mendapatkan akurasi pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum metode ELISA dalam mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen hirup pada pasien asma dan/atau rinitis alergi.Metode: Merupakan uji diagnostik dengan desain cross sectional pada pasien asma dan rinitis alergi di poliklinik Alergi-Imunologi FKUI-RSCM. Seratus pasien diperiksa IgE spesifik serum tungau debu rumah D.pterossinus, D.farinae, B.tropicalis , kulit anjing, kulit kucing dan kecoak dengan metode ELISA serta SPT sebagai baku emas mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen tersebut. Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga, dan rasio kemungkinan dari IgE spesifik serum dinilai untuk masing-masing alergen.Hasil: Sensitivitas IgE spesifik serum dalam mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen tungau debu rumah berkisar 48-77 , dengan sensitivitas tertinggi 77 IK 95 66-86 pada D.farinae. Spesifisitas berkisar 64-95 , dengan spesifitas tertinggi 95 IK 95 76-99 pada B.tropicalis, serta nilai RK antara 2,1-11, dengan tertinggi untuk B.tropicalis. Sensitivitas mendiagnosis sensitisasi kecoak 12 IK 95 4,5-27 , namun spesifisitas 100 IK 95 92-100 , dengan RK . Spesifisitas mendiagnosis sensitisasi kulit anjing 89 IK 95 79-95 , namun senstitivitas 3 IK 95 1,5-17 , dengan RK hanya 0,29 IK 95 0,03-2,26 . IgE spesifik serum memiliki spesifitas 88 IK 95 77-95 dalam mendiagnosis sensitisasi kulit kucing, namun sensitivitas 10 IK 95 3,5-26 dan RK 0,9 IK 95 0,3-3,1 .Kesimpuan: Pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum metode ELISA memiliki akurasi diagnostik yang sedang dalam mendiagnosis sensitisasi terhadap tungau debu rumah dan kecoak, namun akurasi rendah untuk kulit anjing dan kucingKata Kunci: Skin prick test IgE spesifik serum, Akurasi, Alergen hirup

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Background Skin prick test SPT is the gold standard to diagnose allergen sensitization, but has some limitations. Serum specific IgE SSIgE is in vitro test, comfortable and has no anaphylaxis risk.Aim To get the accuracy of SSIgE test using ELISA method in diagnosing inhalant allergens sensitization in asthma and or allergic rhinitis patients.Method This is diagnostic study with subjects were asthma and or allergic rhinitis patients. One hundreds patients had SSIgE test for house dust mites D.pterossinus, D.farinae, B.tropicalis , dog dander, cat dander and cockroach allergens and SPT as gold standard to diagnose allergen sensitization. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and likelihood ratio of SSIgE were evaluated.Result To diagnose house dust mites sensitization SSIgE has 48 77 sensitivity, with the highest is for D.farinae 77 95 CI 66 86 , while specificity is 64 95 , with the highest is for B.tropicalis 95 95 CI 76 99 and LR around 2,1 11, with the highest is for B.tropicalis. Sensitivity of SSIgE to diagnose cockroach sensitization is 12 95 CI 4.5 27 , but has high specificity 100 95 CI 92 100 , and high LR . SSIgE has high specificity 89 95 CI 79 95 in diagnosing dog dander sensitization, but low sensitivity 3 95 CI 1.5 17 and low LR 0.29 95 CI 0.03 2.26 . To diagnose cat dander sensitization SSIgE has 88 95 CI 77 95 specificity, but low sensitivity 10 95 CI 3.5 26 and low LR 0.9 95 CI 0.3 3.1 Conclusion SSIgE test using ELISA method has moderate accuracy in diagnosing house dust mites and cockroach sensitization, but low accuracy for dog and cat dander sensitization.Keywords Skin prick test, Serum specific IgE, Accuracy, Inhalant Allergens"

"Pendahuluan : Pekerja industri gula memiliki risiko terkena gangguan fungsi paru akibat pajanan debu, khususnya debu bagasse ( tebu ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kejadian gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja pabrik gula di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, serta hubungannya dengan faktor - faktor karakteristik pekerja dan pekerjaan.Metode : Desain penelitian adalah comparative cross sectional melibatkan 144 pekerja pabrik gula : 72 pekerja bagian factory dan 72 pekerja bagian plantation. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengamatan dan pemeriksaan meliputi pengukuran kadar debu lingkungan dan pemeriksaan spirometri pada pekerja. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi usia, kebiasaan merokok, status gizi, penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) masker, masa kerja, jam kerja per minggu dan lokasi pekerjaan. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil dan Kesimpulan : Kadar debu total di lingkungan bagian factory 0,0586 mg/m3 lebih rendah dibandingkan bagian plantation 0,0843 mg/m3. Kedua nilai tersebut jauh dibawah nilai ambang batas. Prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru 8,33 %. Di bagian factory 5,56 % dan di bagian plantation 11,1 %. Gangguan fungsi paru terbanyak ditemukan adalah gangguan fungsi paru obstruktif. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru adalah penggunaan APD (masker) (ORadj = 12,15; 95% CI: 1,14 - 102,62) dan status perokok (ORadj = 9,73; 95% CI: 1,14 - 82,75).Saran : Perlu dilakukan evaluasi fungsi paru berkala, konseling bagi pekerja agar berhenti merokok dan selalu menggunakan alat pelindung diri. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menilai kadar debu respirabel, komposisi debu, dan pengaruhnya terhadap fungsi paru pekerja.

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Introduction : Workers in sugar factory are at risk to suffer from lung functon disorder due to exposure to dust, especially bagasse dust. The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence of lung function disorder among workers in a sugar factory in Central Lampung district and associated individual- and work- related factors.

Method : The study design used a comparative cross sectional method, involving 144 sugar factory workers 72 among them were from factory department and 72 other workers from plantation. Data collection used interview, observation, measuring of dust in work environment and lung function measurement using spirometry. The variables which studied were age, smoking habbit, nutritional status, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) mask, time of work, working hours in week, and job location. Data was analyzed with chi square test.

Result and Conclusion : Total dust level in the factory department was 0.0586 mg/m3, lower compared to the level in plantation department which was 0.0843 mg/m3. Both level were below the TLV. The prevalence of lung function disorders was 8.33 %. in the factory department 5.56 % and in the plantation 11.1 %. the most lung function disorder cases found among workers was obstructive lung function disorder. Variables associated to lung function disorders found were use of PPE (mask) (ORadj = 12.15; 95% CI: 1.44 - 102.62) and smoking status (ORadj = 9.73; 95% CI: 1.14 - 82.75).

Recommendation : Periodic lung function evaluation, workers counseling to stop smoking and use of PPE. Another study should be conducted to on respirable dust, dust composition and it's effect on workers lung function."

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"Latar Belakang: Seiring dengan meningkatnya populasi lanjut usia lansia di Indonesia, khususnya perempuan, maka akan semakin meningkat pula populasi perempuan lansia frail ditemukan di masyarakat. Ada perbedaan faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom frailty berdasarkan jenis kelamin, status sosial ekonomi, serta komunitas lansia tersebut berada perkotaan atau perdesaan . Sampai saat ini, belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang secara khusus menilai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom frailty pada perempuan lansia di komunitas perkotaan.Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi perempuan lansia fit/ robust, pre-frail dan frail serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom frailty pada perempuan lansia di komunitas perkotaan.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada perempuan berusia ge; 60 tahun di Rukun Warga RW 01 ndash;09, Kelurahan Kalianyar Jakarta Barat dan Pusat Santunan dalam Keluarga PUSAKA Wilayah Jakarta Pusat selama bulan Juli sampai September 2017. Variabel independen terdiri dari usia, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat penghasilan, status fungsional Barthel-Activity of Daily Living/ B-ADL dan Lawton-Instrumental Activity of Daily Living/ L-IADL , status kognitif Abbreviated Mental Test/ AMT , status nutrisi Mini Nutritional Assessment/ MNA , gejala depresi Geriatric Depression Scale/ GDS , komorbiditas Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics/ CIRS-G , polifarmasi jumlah obat >4 , indeks kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan EuroQol-5 Dimension dan kadar C-Reactive Protein CRP kuantitatif serum. Sistem skor frailty berdasarkan Cardiovascular Health Study CHS untuk menentukan fit, pre-frail dan frail. Analisis bivariat Uji Chi-Square dan multivariat regresi logistik dengan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS versi 20.0.Hasil: Terdapat 325 subjek dengan median usia 67 tahun, 95,7 dengan penghasilan di bawah UMP 70 tahun [OR 5,27 IK 95 2,92 ndash;9,52 ], penurunan skor B-ADL [OR 2,85 IK 95 1,37 ndash;5,94 ], gejala depresi [OR 6,79 IK 95 1,98 ndash;23,25 ], indeks EQ-5D [OR 1,96 IK 95 1,09 ndash;3,52 ], dan indeks EQ-5D VAS [OR 1,93 IK 95 1,06 ndash;3,53 ].Simpulan: Proporsi kelompok perempuan lansia dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah di komunitas perkotaan, yang tergolong fit 12,6 , pre-frail 63,4 dan frail 24 . Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom frailty adalah usia di atas 70 tahun, adanya gejala depresi, penurunan status fungsional dan indeks kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan."