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"Tuberculosis remains to be one of the most common problems in developing countries such as Indonesia. It can involve many organs including gastrointestinal tract. Colonic tuberculosis is an ancient disease and has long been recognized. However, it is sometimes difficult to make early diagnosis due to nonspecific sign and symptoms. In endemic areas, correct diagnoses were made only 50% of the time. Without a high index of suspicion of the disease, it has been rarely diagnosed correctly.We reported a case of colonic tuberculosis in 18 years old female patient with lung tuberculosis.Endoscopic examination showed ulcerative mucosa, 'halo lesion', and pseudopolyp while PPD skin test, sputum smear and histopathological examination of endoscopic biopsy revealed negative for tuberculosis infection. The presence of lung tuberculosis had made high index of suspicion of colonic tuberculosis. Standard regimen of antituberculosis therapy was given and the patient showed good clinical response."

"We describe that often colonic tuberculosis remains unsuspected prior to surgery. We therefore draw attention to pitfalls in the diagnosis and review the literature on the diagnostic modalities available to diag-nose the disease. Today, the prompt diagnosis of an unknown gastroenteritis process invoives colonoscopy.

Using a fiberscope, a procedure with instantaneous return can be carried out. Patients with clinical presen-tation suggestive of coionic tuberculosis should have had either an aggressive diagnostic work out using high-yield tests or anti tubercuiosis therapy."

"ABSTRAKUp to present, plaque control is the most effective method to maintain oral hygiene. Using chewing gum after eating food and snacks can stimulate saliva, promote remineralization and reduce potential dental plaque. To know whether using chewing gum can reduce plaque index as good as toothbrushing, thus an experimental study was performed. Sample was the first grade of junior high school students. After selection according to the requirements, the sample size was 35 students. Each sample got two different treatments. In the first day, they used chewing gum and the next day they were instructed to brush their teeth. Before and after using chewing gum and toothbrushing their dental plaque was scored. The mean of plaque score before using chewing gum was 2.24 and after using chewing gum was 1.28, statistically there was a significant difference (t=33; df=34; p,0.001). The mean of plaque score before toothbrushing was 2.26 and after toothbrushing 1.10, statistically there was a significant difference. Using chewing gum and toothbrushing can reduce plaque score, though the reduction of plaque score by toothbrushing was greater compared with using chewing gum."

"Kejadian kanker kolon mayoritas terjadi secara sporadik. Berbagai faktor non-inherited yang dipikirkan sebagai penyebab kanker kolon merupakan kombinasi antara faktor diet dan lingkungan. Kedua faktor ini menyebabkan mutasi somatik pada berbagai gen spesifik dalam pembentukan kanker kolon. Di antara berbagai faktor, butirat (dibentuk dalam proses fermentasi fiber) mungkin mempunyai peranan yang penting sebagai zat kemoprotektif terhadap kanker kolon. Sumber butirat dalam makanan sehari-hari berasal dari makanan yang mengandung kulit gandum. Pada tingkat molekuler, butirat menyebabkan asetilasi histon, meningkatkan diferensiasi berbagai sel, menginduksi terjadinya apoptosis dan meregulasi ekspresi dari berbagai onkogen. Faktor-faktor ini yang menjadi alasan butirat mempunyai efek protektif terhadap kanker kolon. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 127-31)

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The majority of colon cancers occur sporadically. They are thougth to be caused by non-inherited factors such as a combination of diet and environmental factors, which result in somatic mutations of specific genes. Among dietary factors butyrate which is derived from fermentable fibers may have important role as chemoprotector against colorectal cancer. The source of butyrate in daily diet mostly come from wheat products especially wheat bran. At molecular level, butyrate causes hystone acetylation, favours differentiation, induces apoptosis and regulates the expressions of various oncogens. These effects suggest that butyrate may be protective against colorectal cancers. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 127-31)"

"Gejala perilaku merupakan dasar untuk dapat mengetahui seseorang mengalami depresi. Hal ini merupakan faktor risiko untuk terjadinya melukai diri sendiri, bunuh diri, dan juga dapat menyebabkan gangguan sosial dan pendidikan. Body Mass Index merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan depresi. Citra tubuh wanita yang mengalami kekurangan berat badan dan kelebihan berat badan akan cenderung mengalami depresi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan hasil pengukuran body mass index dengan tingkat depresi pada Siswi SMA di Sokaraja. Desain penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan teknik sampling kuota. Penelitian ini terdapat total sampel 75 responden remaja siswi SMA di Sokaraja. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara pengamatan langsung dengan kuisoner beck depression inventory sedangkan untuk pengukuran body mass index dengan menggunakan timbangan berat badan digital dan microtois. Hasil analisis hubungan antara body mass index dengan tingkat depresi diperoleh bahwa responden dengan body mass index normal masih terdapat yang mengalami depresi ringan sebanyak 16 (43,2%) dan 2 (5,4%) responden mengalami depresi sedang-berat. Responden dengan body mass index underweight terdapat depresi ringan sebanyak 7 (29,2%) responden dan 9 (37,5%) responden mengalami depresi ringan-berat. Sedangkan responden dengan kategori body mass index overweight-obesitas sebanyak 6 (42,9%) responden mengalami depresi ringan dan 5 (35,7%) responden mengalami depresi sedang-berat. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai p 0,016 maka dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara body mass index dengan tingkat depresi. Depresi itu sendiri dapat dipengaruhi oleh body mass index melalui faktor mediator dan moderator seperti gangguan citra tubuh. Selain itu depresi dipengaruhi juga dari pola asuh dan pendapatan orang tua yang rendah.

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Behavioral symptoms are the basis for knowing someone is depressed. This is a risk factor for self-harm and suicide, and can also cause social and educational disruption. Body Mass Index is one of the factors that cause depression. The body image of women who are underweight and overweight will tend to experience depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the results of body mass index measurements and the level of depression in high school students in Sokaraja. The research design carried out in this study was cross sectional with a quota sampling technique. In this study, there were a total sample of 75 female high school students in Sokaraja. Data collection was carried out by direct observation using the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire, while for body mass index measurements using digital body weight scales and microtois. The results of the analysis of the relationship between body mass index and the level of depression showed that 16 (43.2%) of respondents with a normal body mass index experienced mild depression and 2 (5.4%) of respondents experienced moderate-severe depression. Respondents with an underweight body mass index had mild depression as many as 7 (29.2%) respondents and 9 (37.5%) respondents experienced mild-to-severe depression. Meanwhile, 6 (42.9%) respondents with the body mass index overweight-obese category experienced mild depression and 5 (35.7%) respondents experienced moderate-severe depression. The statistical test results obtained a p value of 0.016, so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between body mass index and the level of depression. Depression itself can be influenced by BMI through mediators and moderating factors such as body image disturbances. In addition, depression is also influenced by parenting styles and low parental income."