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"ABSTRAKTelah dibuat suatu sistem Magneto Optical Trap untuk mendinginkan dan memperangkap atom gas yang terdiri dari sepasang kumparan anti Helmholtz dengan 3 pasang cahaya laser pendingin yang dihasilkan dari satu laser dioda, dan satu laser lainnya digunakan sebagai laser pemompa-kembali (repumping laser). Atom Cs diletakkan dalam satu ruang oakum tinggi yang berada di tengah-tengah kumparan anti Helmholtz. Dengan bantuan sistem ini telah dapat diperangkap sekitar 107 atom Cs dan didinginkan sampai temperatur beberapa μK. Gumpalan awan atom ini dapat diamati dan foto luminesensi yang terjadi dalam awan yang didinginkan tersebut.Sifat-sifat dinamika awan atom Cs ini dapat dipelajari dengan mematikan atau mengubah frekuensi laser pendingin dan laser pemompa-kembali secara terprogram dan dengan mengamati luminesensinya. Dengan cara ini dapat dipelajari gejala transien, dan penjarangan populasi yang menyertainya.Selanjutnya telah dilakukan pengukuran temperatur dengan menggunakan metoda balistik yang sudah lazim dilakukan orang. Disamping itu telah dikembangkan cara pengukuran temperatur awan atom yang lebih teliti dengan menggunakan osilasi posisi dari awan atom dengan menggunakan medan magnet dari kumparan Anti Helmhotz yang berosilasi. Temyata metoda ini lebih dapat diandalkan dan hasilnya konsisten dengan metoda yang konvensional.

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ABSTRACT

A Magneto Optical Trap has been built consisting a pair of Anti Helmholtt coils with three pairs of cooling laser beams produced by one laser diode, and the other one for repumping. The Cs atom is placed in a high vacuum chamber located in the center of the anti Helmholtz coils. In this system about 107 Cs atoms have been trap and cooled to a temperature of a few μK. The cloud can be observed from the luminescence of the cooled atoms.

The dynamical properties of the cooled Cs atom has been studied by turning off or changing the frequency of the cooling laser and the repumping laser precisely for a short period and observing the luminescence of the cloud. In this way the characteristics of the transient phenomena of the cloud, such as the build up time, the pumping time and the density of the cooled Cs atoms can be studied.

The temperature of the cooled Cs atom in the cloud has been determined using the well known ballistic method. A new method for the measurement of the temperature of the Cs atoms has been developed. In this new method the position of the cloud is oscillated by a uniform oscillating magnetic field produced from a sinusoidal modulation added to the one of anti Helmholtz coils. The results turns out to be more reliable and the measurement result is consistent with the conventional method."

"This thesis unifies the dissipative dynamics of an atom, particle or structure within an optical field that is influenced by the position of the atom, particle or structure itself. This allows the identification and exploration of the fundamental ‘mirror-mediated’ mechanisms of cavity-mediated cooling leading to the proposal of a range of new techniques based upon the same underlying principles. It also reveals powerful mechanisms for the enhancement of the radiation force cooling of micromechanical systems, using both active gain and the resonance of a cavity to which the cooled species are external. This work has implications for the cooling not only of weakly-scattering individual atoms, ions and molecules, but also for highly reflective optomechanical structures ranging from nanometre-scale cantilevers to the metre-sized mirrors of massive interferometers."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perancangan dan perhitungan palka ikan untuk kapal ikan 30 GT menggunakan kapal yang dirancang khusus. Pada penelitian ini pendinginan palka ikan menggunakan sistem refrigerasi untuk mengoptimalkan volume ruangan palka karena, dalam pengoperasiannya palka berpendingin es membutuhkan 50% dari kapasitas ruang palka untuk memuat es. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan studi literatur guna menentukkan parameter perhitungan, desain geometrik palka, dan dilakukan simulasi CFD menggunakan Ansys Fluent untuk menilai bentuk aliran fluida pendingin dan waktu pendinginan produk, lalu dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan beban pendinginan dan kebutuhan daya listrik yang dibutuhkan untuk sistem pendingin yang telah dirancang. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi didapatkan waktu pendinginan paling cepat terjadi ketika kecepatan inlet fluida pendingin 8 m/s pada kapasitas pemuatan 100% dengan waktu pendinginan ikan dari 27°C sampai 0°C membutuhkan waktu selama 4 jam 15 menit, serta kebutuhan daya total untuk sisterm refrigerasi yaitu 5,88 kW.

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This study discusses the design and calculation of fish hold for 30 GT fishing vessels using specially designed vessels. In this study, fish hold cooling uses a refrigeration system to optimize the volume of the hold because, in its operation, the ice-cooled hatch requires 50% of the capacity of the hold to load ice. In this study, a literature study was conducted to determine the calculation parameters, geometric design of the hold, and a CFD simulation was carried out using Ansys Fluent to review the shape of the cooling fluid flow and product cooling time then continued with the calculation of the cooling load and the electrical power required for the cooling system has been designed. Based on the simulation results, the fastest cooling time occurs when the cooling fluid inlet velocity is 8 m/s at a loading capacity of 100% with a cooling time of fish from 27°C to 0°C which takes 4 hours 15 minutes, as well as the total power requirement for the refrigeration system is 5.88 kW."

"Cooling towers are required in building HVAC systems that use water as the cooling condenser fluid. Cooling towers used in this study are of the forced draft, counter flow, indirect/closed evaporative type. This study sought to demonstrate the performance characteristics of a closed system cooling tower by its effectiveness value, Number of Transfer Units (NTU), cooling capacity, and overall heat transfer and mass coefficient of the cooling tower. Experiments were performed on a heat exchanger coil intercrossed with ? inch diameter intersections on parallel lines. Results of the experiment were then compared with the heat and mass transfer correlations taken from previous studies, and also combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the physical processes that occur in the cooling towers. All the experimental results, theoretical calculations and CFD simulations used variations of warm water mass, cold air, and water spray to present a clear description of the performance characteristics of a closed system cooling tower. The results of this study have shown that an increase in the amount of water spray mass flow causes an increase in the effectiveness value, heat transfer and overall mass transfer, as well as the cooling capacity of the cooling tower. The waste heat typically utilizes up to 80% of latent evaporation heat, and 20% of sensible air heat; however, waste heat in the closed system cooling tower utilizes 100% of latent evaporation heat. The mass transfer coefficient rate tends to be stable for a small mass of water spray."

"Titanium memiliki sifat inert dan biokompatibel sebagai bahan dasar implan tulang manusia. Namun, titanium tidak dapat menginduksi osseointegrasi yang berfungsi untuk mempercepat pemulihan tulang karena tidak memilliki sifat bioaktif sehingga dibutuhkan modifikasi permukaan titanium dengan lapisan material bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh energi laser terhadap sifat bioaktivitas Ti-6Al-4V dengan deposisi lapisan tipis magnesium hidroksiapatit menggunakan metode Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) ND:YAG dengan panjang gelombang 532 nm (second harmonic). Variasi energi laser berada di energi 60 mJ, 80 mJ, dan 100 mJ. Sampel hasil coating kemudian di-annealing pada temperatur 300 ?C selama dua jam dengan heating rate 5 ?C. Tiap sampel hasil coating kemudian akan direndam dalam r-SBF (Revised Simulated Body Fluid) selama 14 hari dengan temperatur 37 ?C dalam water bath. Karakterisasi sampel hasil coating meliputi uji SEM-EDS, uji XRD, uji kemampubasahan (wettability). Dengan membandingkan uji EDS sampel hasil coating dengan energi 80 mJ memiliki rasio Ca:P tertinggi dibanding sampel lain. Perbandingan hasil tiap sampel menunjukkan semakin tinggi energi laser akan menghasilkan lapisan tipis dengan kemampubasahan lebih rendah. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa penggunaan energi laser PLD ND:YAG (532 nm) pada energi 60 mJ, 80 mJ, dan 100 mJ tidak berpengaruh pada kristalinitas hidroksiapatit dan hasil deposisi hidroksiapatit merupakan amorf.

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Titanium has inert and biocompatible properties as the base material of human bone implants. However, titanium cannot induce osseointegration which serves to accelerate bone recovery because it does not have bioactive properties so it requires modification of the titanium surface with a layer of bioactive material. This study aims to determine the effect of laser energy on the bioactivity properties of Ti-6Al-4V by deposition of a thin layer of magnesium hydroxyapatite using the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method with a wavelength of 532 nm (second harmonic) using ND: YAG laser. Laser energy variations are at energies of 60 mJ, 80 mJ, and 100 mJ. The coating sample was then annealed at 300 ?C for two hours with a heating rate of 5 ?C. Each coated sample will then be immersed in r-SBF (Revised Simulated Body Fluid) for 14 days at a temperature of 37 ?C in a water bath. Characterization of coating samples includes SEM-EDS test, XRD test, and wettability test. By comparing the EDS test, the coating sample with an energy of 80 mJ has the highest Ca:P ratio compared to other samples. A comparison of the results of each sample shows that the higher the laser energy will produce a thin layer with lower wettability. In addition, it was found that the use of ND:YAG (532 nm) PLD laser energy at energies of 60 mJ, 80 mJ, and 100 mJ had no effect on the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite and the resulting hydroxyapatite deposition was amorphous."

"ABSTRACTIn spite of abundant experimental evidences supporting the viability of the laserinduced shock wave plasma model for the explanation of the important features oftheplasma and the associated spectroscopic characteristics, a controversy on the atomicexcitation mechanism in the plasma has remained to be completely resolved. In thisstudy the contributions of the shock wave model and two other most popular models,the electron-ion recombination model and thc electron collision model werethoroughly investigated. For that purpose, a special technique has been developed forthe direct detection of the charge current in conjunction with plasma emissionmeasurement dining the laser plasma generation and expansion. The current detectionwas performed by placing a partially transmitting metal mesh electrode at a distancein front of the sample surface with the sample target sewing as the counter electrode.The electric Held between the mesh and sample surface was set up and varied byapplying a variable DC voltage (0-400 Volt) between them. The laser plasma wasgenerated by a YAG laser (64 ml, 8 ns) tightly focused on a Cu target through themesh electrode in low-pressure surrounding gas. It was found that the charge currenttime profiles obtained at various gas pressures invariably exhibit a lack of consistentcorrelation with the emission time profile of the plasma throughout most of theemission period. The result of this study has thus practically eliminated anysignificant roles ofthe electron-ion recombination and electron collision models in theexcitation process. We are therefore led to conclude that the shock wave modelproposed earlier is most plausible for the consistent explanation of the secondaryplasma emission, while the other two models may have some contribution only at thevery initial stage ofthe secondary plasma generation.Key words: charge current, shock wave, electron-ion recombination and electroncollision.Praiseci is to the Lord for He is my reason in everything I do.This manuscript is never be done without the guidance by Pro£ Tjia May On, towhom I am extremely grateful. He also provided the support without which this thesiswould not possible. He is more than just a teacher for me for his words have deeplytouched me. Moreover, he also introduced me that knowledge is something we shouldshare among others and to improve the education in my country.I am also indebted to Prof. Kiichiro Kagawa at the Fukui University for providingthe atmosphere and the physical resources to make thesis writing in these times of fastpaced research. I am also thankful for the opportunity which is given to me to joinresearch together with him in his laboratory in Japan.Extra special thanks go to Dr. Hendrik Kurniawan for providing me withencouragement and support for this project. He is the first one who encouraged me totake Doctor Cotuse Program which seemed impossible at the beginning. Hiscompanion during research at Applied Spectroscopy Laboratory at University ofIndonesia is a leading experience in research for me.I am particularly grateful to the excellent team of referees who provided criticalcomments on this thesis. Their feedback was a great benefit to me.I gratefully acknowledge all my colleagues: Rinda Hedwig, Mangasi A.Marpaung, Hery Suyanto, MM. Suliyanti, Wahyu S. Budi, and Emon in AppliedSpectroscopy Laboratory at University of Indonesia, for their assistance and supportduring my study.My never-ending thanks to my beloved family, especially to my parents whoexhibited thoughtful patience over extended periods of time when I seemed to beinvisible. Thanks also to Loviana who helped me in all situations which I no longercan resist by myselflFinally, I apologize to all those who helped that I did not acknowledge specifically.I know there were many and greatly appreciate your assistance.August, 2002Author"

"Penggunaan energi yang tidak terbarukan seperti minyak bumi dan batu bara secara perlahan telah membawa dunia ini ke dalam krisis energi, sehingga diperlukan upaya penghematan energi. Isu dunia mengenai penghematan energi tersebut sangat berkaitan erat dengan industri otomotif. Industri otomotif dituntut untuk menghasilkan produk dengan emisi kendaraan yang rendah dan kendaraan yang hemat bahan bakar. Material TWDI (thin wall ductile iron) yang dapat dilakukan pemrosesan lanjut menjadi TWADI (thin wall austempered ductile iron) menjadi kandidat yang paling menarik karena sifat mekanisnya yang baik serta biaya yang lebih murah jika dibandingkan dengan aluminium. Tantangan yang dihadapi pada proses pembuatan material TWDI saat ini yaitu kecenderungan terbentuknya lapisan kulit (skin effect) pada permukaan logam hasil pengecoran yang dapat menurunkan sifat mekanis.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh penggunaan isolator berupa glasswool, kayu, dan rockwool dengan ketebalan 40 mm terhadap kecepatan pendinginan. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian komposisi kimia, pengamatan makro, pengamatan struktur mikro, dan pengujian tarik. Pengamatan struktur mikro dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan bantuan program image analysis. Sedangkan analisis kecepatan pendinginan didapatkan secara kualitatif.Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kecepatan pendinginan merupakan fungsi dari jumlah nodul, karbida, nodularitas, dan diameter rata-rata nodul. Kecepatan pendinginan tercepat hingga terlambat yaitu pada penggunaan isolator rockwool (P9M1), kayu (P8M1), dan glasswool (P6M1). Untuk ketebalan lapisan kulit rata-rata terbesar hingga terkecil yaitu P8M1 32,58 μm, P9M1 25,59 μm, dan P6M1 25,45 μm. Dari karakteristik nodul, P8M1 memiliki nodularitas tertinggi sebesar 81% lalu diikuti P6M1 sebesar 79% dan P9M1 sebesar 76%. P6M1 memiliki 1605 nodul/mm2, P9M1 1274 nodul/mm2 dan P8M1 1141 nodul/mm2. Sedangkan, diameter nodul P6M1 10,20 μm, P8M1 9,71 μm, dan P9M1 9,09 μm. Matriks yang didapatkan adalah ferit dan karbida dengan tingkat keparahan karbida tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu P9M1, P8M1, dan P6M1. Nilai kekuatan tarik P6M1 367 MPa, P9M1 329 MPa, dan P8M1 146 MPa. Sedangkan elongasi P6M1 2%, P9M1 1,1%, dan P8M1 1%. Sifat mekanis yang didapatkan masih berada di bawah nilai standar.

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Nowadays, the use of unsustainable energy such as petroleum and coal subsequently has brought us to the energy crisis. So that the effort of saving energy is crucial. World issues regarding energy savings is very closely related to the automotive industry. The automotive industry is required to produce products with lower emissions and fuel-efficient vehicles. TWDI (thin wall ductile iron) which can be processed to TWADI (thin wall austemperd ductile iron) became the best candidate due to good mechanical properties and lower cost comparing to aluminum. The challenge confronted in the process of TWDI making is the tendency of skin formation on the surface of the metal casting reduced its mechanical properties.

This research is conducted to obtain the effect of insulators utilization such as glasswool, wood, and rockwool with the thickness of 40 mm towards the cooling rate. Methods performed are chemical composition, visual observation, microstructure observation, and tensile testing. While, microstructure observation is conducted qualitatively and quantitatively using image analysis program, the analysis of the cooling rate is obtained qualitatively.

The cooling rate, from the fastest to the slowest, is rockwool (P9M1), wood (P8M1), and glasswool (P6M1). Where as, for the average skin thickness, from the biggest to the smallest, is P8M1 32.58 μm, P9M1 25.59 μm, and P6M1 25.45 μm. For nodule characteristics, P8M1 has the 81% nodularity and then followed by P6M1 with 79% and P9M1 with 76%. While, P6M1 has 1605 nodule/mm2, P9M1 and P8M1 has 1274 and 1141 nodul/mm2, respectively. While, the biggest nodule diameter is P6M1 with 10.20 μm, the next is P8M1 with 9.71 μm and then P9M1 with 9.09 μm. Ferrite and carbide is found in the matrix. The severity level of carbide, from the highest to the lowest, is P9M1, P8M1 and P6M1. From mechanical aspects, the highest ultimate tensile strength is obtained by P6M1 with 367 MPa, then followed by P9M1 with 329 MPa and P8M1 with 146 MPa. Where as, for the elongation, P6M1 is 2%, P9M1 is 1.1% and P8M1 is 1%. The mechanical properties obtained don't fulfill the standardfollowed by P6M1 with 79 and P9M1 with 76 While P6M1 has 1605 nodule mm2 P9M1 and P8M1 has 1274 and 1141 nodul mm2 respectively While the biggest nodule diameter is P6M1 with 10 20 m the next is P8M1 with 9 71 m and then P9M1 with 9 09 m Ferrite and carbide is found in the matrix The severity level of carbide from the highest to the lowest is P9M1 P8M1 and P6M1 From mechanical aspects the highest ultimate tensile strength is obtained by P6M1 with 367 MPa then followed by P9M1 with 329 MPa and P8M1 with 146 MPa Where as for the elongation P6M1 is 2 P9M1 is 1 1 and P8M1 is 1 The mechanical properties obtained don rsquo t fulfill the standard."

"Menara pendingin adalah suatu unit yang membantu proses pembuangan kalor. Maka, efektivitas thermal adalah sebuah variabel yang vital untuk performa dari menara pendingin. Presipitasi kerak dapat menjadi faktor yang sangat mengganggu efektivitas thermal dari unit penukar kalor karena sifat natural nya yang mempunyai resistansi thermal yang tinggi. Proses ozonasi diharapkan dapat menurunkan potensi presipitasi kerak yang mana meningkatkan performa thermal menara pendingin. Air pendingin pada menara disirkulasikan lalu diaplikasikan dengan ozon dan sinar UV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik efek ozonasi terhadap total resistansi thermal fouling dari menara pendingin forced draft - counter flow - sistem tertutup serta kualitas air sirkulasi melalui metode Practical Ozone Scaling Index dan Langelier Saturation Index. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengetahui kualitas air menara pendingin sistem tertutup adalah dengan melakukan uji laboratorium seperti AAS, Titrimetric, Gravimetrik, dan Spectrophotometric. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan aplikasi ozon, total resistansi thermal menara pendingin sistem tertutup menurun sebesar 7 x10-6 m2K/W. Ozon juga dapat meningkatkan kualitas air sirkulasi menara pendingin sistem tertutup.

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Cooling tower is a unit that helps heat dissipation process. Thus, thermal effectiveness is a vital variable for performance of the cooling tower. Scale precipitation can be a very disturbing factor to the thermal effectiveness of the heat exchange unit due to its natural properties which have high thermal resistance. The ozonation process is expected to decrease the potential of precipitation of the scale which improves the cooling tower thermal performance. The cooling water is circulated from the tower, then applied by ozone and UV ray. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the effects of ozonation on the overall thermal fouling resistance of forced draft type ndash counter flow closed system cooling towers and the quality of water circulation through Practical Ozone Scaling Index and Langelier Saturation Index methods. Water quality of closed system cooling towers is determined by conducting laboratory tests such as AAS, Titrimetric, Gravimetric, and Spectrophotometric. The results obtained from this study indicate that by the presence of ozone, the overall thermal tower resistance of the closed system cooling towers reduced by 7 x10 6 m2K W. Ozone can also improve the water quality of closed system cooling towers."

"Sistem pendinginan pada spent fuel pool saat ini masih memiliki ketergantungan terhadap sistem pendingin aktif. Sistem pendingin aktif adalah sistem pendingin yang memiliki ketergantungan terhadap energi listrik. Pada saat terjadi Station Blackout (SBO), sistem pendingin spent fuel pool tidak bekerja dan lama kelamaan dapat menyebabkan peristiwa loss of pool coolant, serta dapat menyebakan radiasi radioaktif kelingkungan. Salah satu alat penukar kalor yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut adalah heat pipe. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian heat pipe jenis two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT). TPCT merupakan alat penukar kalor pasif yang memiliki konduktivitas termal yang sangat tinggi dan sudah banyak dikembangkan pada banyak aplikasi. Geometri dari kontainer TPCT yang diuji adalah sepanjang 1,5m diameter 1 inch, serta rasio yang sama pada bagian evaporator, adiabatik, dan kondenser. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh filling ratio fluida kerja dan inisiasi tekanan terhadap kinerja TPCT. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh filling ratio optimum adalah pada 60% volume evaporator dan variasi inisiasi tekanan memberikan karakteristik temperatur pada dinding TPCT yang berbeda.

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The spent fuel pool cooling system nowadays still has dependency to active cooling system.. Active cooling system is a cooling system that still has dependency to electrical power. When Station Blackout (SBO) occurs, the spent radioactive radiation released to the environment. One of the heat exchanger that can be used to solve this problem is heat pipe. In this research, two phase closed thermosyphon were examined. TPCT is a passive heat transfer device which has a very high thermal conductivity and has been used for many applications, The length, 1 inch diameter, and each evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser has same ratio. The goal in this research are to find the From this research it has been found that the optimum filling ratio were 60% of evaporator volume, and pressure initiation variation gave some difference on."

"Media pendingin menggunakan ice slurry merupakan media yang paling efisien untuk menjaga kualitas ikan pasca tangkap nelayan. Penelitian dan pengembangan mengenai ice slurry generator perlu terus dilakukan. Salah satu pengembangan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan penambahan komponen evaporator. Penelitian berbasis eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi debit pompa dan lama pengadukan terhadap karakteristik produksi ice slurry generator dengan pre-cooler evaporator. Karakteristik produksi tersebut antara lain adalah waktu pendinginan pada evaporator pre-cooler, konsentrasi es, fraksi massa, dan kapasitas produksi generator. Variasi debit pompa yang diambil adalah 7,93 Lpm, 9,6 Lpm, 11,27 Lpm, 12,93 Lpm, 14,6 Lpm, dan 16,27 Lpm. Untuk variasi lama pengadukan yang diambil adalah 20 menit, 30 menit, 40 menit, 45 menit, 50 menit, dan 60 menit. Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dilakukan didapati laju penurunan temperatur paling cepat adalah sebesar minus 0,00412ºC/detik dengan rerata laju perpindahan kalor sebesar -784,817 Joule per detik pada nilai debit pompa 11,27 Lpm. Konsentrasi es tertinggi didapat pada waktu pengadukan 60 menit. Semakin lama pengadukan, fraksi massa akan semakin meningkat. Didapati kapasitas produksi generator sebesar 257,14286 Liter per 24 jam.

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Cooling medium using ice slurry is the most efficient medium to maintain fish quality after fishing. Research and development on ice slurry generators need to continue. One of the developments that can be done is by adding an evaporator component. This experimental-based research aims to analyze the effect of variations in pump discharge and stirring time on the production characteristics of an ice slurry generator with a pre-cooler evaporator. The production characteristics include cooling time in the pre-cooler evaporator, ice concentration, mass fraction, and generator production capacity. The pump discharge variations taken were 7.93 Lpm, 9.6 Lpm, 11.27 Lpm, 12.93 Lpm, 14.6 Lpm, and 16.27 Lpm. For variations of stirring time taken are 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, and 60 minutes. Based on the experiments conducted, it was found that the fastest temperature drop rate was minus 0.00412ºC/second with an average heat transfer rate of -784,817 Joules per second at a pump discharge value of 11.27 Lpm. The highest ice concentration was obtained at a stirring time of 60 minutes. The longer the stirring, the mass fraction will increase. The generator production capacity was found to be 257,14286 Liters per 24 hours."