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"ABSTRAKUntuk memperbaiki survival dan angka rekurens dari karsinoma rekti, saat ini di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo sedang dilakukan penelitian prospektip penatalaksanaan karsinoma rekti dengan tehnik sandwich. Kasus dibagi dalam 2 golongan yaitu yang dapat direseksi dan tidak dapat direseksi. Kasus yang dapat direseksi diberikan radiasi pra bedah 1,000 cGy. dalam 1 minggu dan 5 FU lalu dibedah. Pasca bedah diberikan radiasi 4500 cGy. dalam 4,5 minggu dan 5 FU. Kasus yang tidak dapat direseksi pra bedah diberikan radiasi 4500 cGy./4,5 minggu dan 5 FU, pasca operasi diberikan radiasi 1.500 cGy. dan 5 FU. Sebagai laporan pendahuluan, sejak Januari 1988 sampai dengan Maret 1990 di RSCM/FKUI telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap 35 penderita yang datang ke UPF Radioterapi RSCM. Dari 5 orang yang tidak dapat dilakukan reseksi, 2 dapat dilakukan reseksi, 2 dapat direseksi tapi inoperable karena sudah ada metastase jauh. Didapatkan harapan yang menggembirakan dari kelompok tumor yang tidak dapat direseksi menjadi dapat direseksi setelah diberikan radiasi pra bedah yaitu sebesar 40%. "

"Karsinoma serviks uteri merupakan tumor ganas yang sering ditemukan di Indonesia dan pada umumnya penderita datang dalam keadaan ianjut dimana radioterapi merupakan terapi pilih. Penilaian respon radiasi dapat dipelajari secara klinis maupun secara histopatologik. Secara histopatologik, selama ini penilaian dilakukan secara kasar yaiutu dengan melihat ada tidak sel tumor yang viable. Respon radiasi antara lain dipengaruhi oleh tingkat prolifersi sel, penilaiannya dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode antara lain dengan metode Ag NOR. AgNOR merupakan Salah satu cam penilaian proliferasi sel dengan cars menghilung nuclear organizer region (NOR).Pada penelitian ini nilai AgNOR digunakan untuk melakukan hubungannya dengan derajat respon radiasi secara hisropomlogik. Penghitungan nilai AfNOR dilakukan dengan 2 cara yaitu (1) rata-rata nilai AgNOR pada nukleus (mAgNOR) dan persentase AgNOR (PAgNOR). Penilaian derajat respon radiasi secara histopalogik dilakukan menurut metode Shimosato yang membuat derajat respon radiasi dari jaringan yang resisten sampai paling sensitif terhadap radiasi dengan gradasi 1A sampai 4C.Hasil dan kesimpulan, dari 20 kasus karsinoma serviks yang diperiksa, didapatkan 2 kasus dengan derajat respon radiasi 1,5 kasus dengan derajat respon radiasi 4B dan 1 kasus dengan derajat respon radiasi 4C. Karena perbandingan kasus yang tidak seimbang, kasus-kasus ini dikemlompokkan lagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu: (1) kelompok denga respon radiasi baik (13 kasus) dan (2) kelompok dengan derajat respon radiasi buruk (7 kasus). Walaupun terlihat kecenderungan nilai mAgNOR yang lebih tinggi ppada kasus dengan derajat respon radiasi lebih tinggi, nilai mAgNOR yang tidak berbeda bermakna pada kelompok-kelompok yang diperiksa, kemungkinan disebabkan karena mAgNOR tidak secara sppesifik mewakili fraksi pertumbuhan yang tinggi sehingga tidak langsung terkait dengan radiosensitifitas jaringan.Dari penelitian ini ditemukan nilapAgNOR yang lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada kelompok dengan responn radiasi baik debandinglan dengan kelompok dengan derajat respon radiasi buruk (p=0,05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai pAgNOR lebih spesifik dan ditelti lebih lanjut dengan digabungkan dengan metoda sehic diharapkan dapat dipakai sebagai salah satu cara untuk memprediksi respon radiaso karsinogen serviks uteri.

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Cervical uterine cancer is one of tlte most common malignant tumors in Indonesia, patients usually presented in an advance stage where radiotherapy is a therapy of choice. Evaluation of radiotherapy is done both clinically and histopathologcally. Ust; histopathologic assessment was done roughly bythe presence of viable tumor cells. Radio response is influenced by cell proliferation rate and the assessment can be done with methods. ie. Ag NOR method. AgNOR is one of cell proliferation marker that cour nuclcolar organizer region (NOR).

In this study, AgNOR counts was used to soc corelation with grade ofhistopathological radiation response. AgNOR counts was carried in 2 wajrs: (1) mean of AgNOR counts in the nuclei (mAgNOR0 and (2) percentag AgNOR (PAgNOR). Evaluation of histopathologic radiation response grade was a following Shimosato that made gradation radiation response from radioresistant to alt radiosensitiv tissue in IA to -1C grade.

Result and conclusion, from 20 cases of Cervical cancer studied based on Shimosato method. 2 cases were of grade 1, 5 cases of grade ZA. l case of grade 5, 2 cases of grade 49., 9 cases of grade 4B and 1 of gade 4C . Due to unequal number of cases in each group, it was grouped into 2 groups, good radiation response. which is iound in 13 cases and (2) poor radiation response a cases. Altough there is higher number mAgNOR counts irt group with higher grade radiation response. It was not statistically significant, most likely because in mAgNOR is specitically representing high growth fraction, therefore was not correlated directly with tis radiosonsitivitly. From this study, it was showed that pAgNOR counts was hit significantly in group with good radiation response compared to group with poor radia response (p=0.05).

The result showed that pAgNOR count is more speciiic, therefore it car used in more research combine with another method make this method will used as one method for the prediction of radiation response in cert-?ical uterine carcinoma."

"[Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui profil pasien kanker rektum di Departemen Radioterapi RSCM. Metode: Dilakukan penelitian restrospektif deskriptif analitik terhadap 144 pasien kankerrektum yang menjalani radiasi di Departemen Radioterapi RSCM periode Januari 2009Januari2014, dilihat karakteristik pasien dan tumor. Respons radiasi dinilai menggunakanmetode RECIST 1.1. Hubungan antara OTT dan DTT dengan respons radiasi dinilai dengankorelasi Spearman dan analisis kesintasan dihitung dengan kurva Kaplan Meier. Hasil: Pasien laki-laki sebesar 65.9%, median usia 53 (23-81) tahun dengan mayoritas beradapada kelompok usia 50-59 tahun. Tipe histopatologi terbanyak adalah adenokarsinoma(88.8%) dan pasien paling banyak datang dengan stadium IIIB (25.0%). Kemoradiasidilakukan pada 29.8% pasien, dengan toksisitas radiasi akut terbanyak adalah pada kulit(derajat I) sebesar 20.1%. Respons radiasi yang dinilai dengan metode RECIST 1.1menunjukkan respons terbanyak adalah stabil (71.4%). Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara OTTdan DTT dengan respons radiasi. Dari 118 pasien, didapatkan analisis kesintasan keseluruhan3 dan 5 tahun masing-masing adalah 65% dan 45% dengan median survival 59 bulan. Padakelompok pasien yang menjalani radiasi panjang, analisis kesintasan keseluruhan 3 dan 5tahun masing-masing adalah masing-masing 91% dan 78%. Kesimpulan: Karakteristik pasien rektum di Departemen Radioterapi RSCM yang berbedadengan berbagai studi sebelumnya hanya usia. Respons radiasi yang paling banyak dijumpai adalah stabil. Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara OTT dan DTT dengan respons radiasi.;Purpose: To obtain the profile of rectal cancer patients in Department of Radiotherapy, National General Hospital of Cipto Mangunkusumo.Method: A restrospective study was conducted over 144 rectal cancer patients undergone radiation therapy in Department of Radiotherapy, National General Hospital of CiptoMangunkusumo during period of January 2009 to January 2014. The characteristics ofpatients and tumour were assessed. The radiation response was evaluated with the RECIST1.1 method. The correlation between OTT and DTT with radiation response was analyzedwith Spearman?s correlation and the survival analysis was determined using Kaplan-Meiercurve. Result: The majority of patients were male (65.9%), with median age of 53 (23-81) years oldwhere most patients belonged to age group of 50-59 years old. The most frequenthistopathologic type found was adenocarcinoma (88.8%) with most patients were in stageIIIB (25.0%). Chemoradiation was performed in 29.8% of patients, and grade I skin toxicitywas the most frequent acute side effect of radiation found (20.1%). Radiation responseassessed with the RECIST 1.1 method showed stable disease as the mostly seen response(71.4%). There was no correlation found between OTT and DTT with radiation response.Overall survival from 118 patients for 3 and 5 years were 65% and 45%, respectively, withmedian survival of 59 months. In the group of patients underwent long-course radiotherapy,the overall survival for 3 and 5 years were 91% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion: The sole characteristic of rectal cancer patients in Department of Radiotherapy atCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital that is different from previous studies is the age group wheremost patients were in. Stable disease is the most frequent radiation response. There was no correlation found between OTT and DTT with radiation response., Purpose: To obtain the profile of rectal cancer patients in Department of Radiotherapy, National General Hospital of Cipto Mangunkusumo.Method: A restrospective study was conducted over 144 rectal cancer patients undergone radiation therapy in Department of Radiotherapy, National General Hospital of CiptoMangunkusumo during period of January 2009 to January 2014. The characteristics ofpatients and tumour were assessed. The radiation response was evaluated with the RECIST1.1 method. The correlation between OTT and DTT with radiation response was analyzedwith Spearman’s correlation and the survival analysis was determined using Kaplan-Meiercurve. Result: The majority of patients were male (65.9%), with median age of 53 (23-81) years oldwhere most patients belonged to age group of 50-59 years old. The most frequenthistopathologic type found was adenocarcinoma (88.8%) with most patients were in stageIIIB (25.0%). Chemoradiation was performed in 29.8% of patients, and grade I skin toxicitywas the most frequent acute side effect of radiation found (20.1%). Radiation responseassessed with the RECIST 1.1 method showed stable disease as the mostly seen response(71.4%). There was no correlation found between OTT and DTT with radiation response.Overall survival from 118 patients for 3 and 5 years were 65% and 45%, respectively, withmedian survival of 59 months. In the group of patients underwent long-course radiotherapy,the overall survival for 3 and 5 years were 91% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion: The sole characteristic of rectal cancer patients in Department of Radiotherapy atCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital that is different from previous studies is the age group wheremost patients were in. Stable disease is the most frequent radiation response. There was no correlation found between OTT and DTT with radiation response.]"

"Therapy of radiation is chosen therapy for oral cancer especially Carcinoma Nasopharynx, however, often caused changes in normal tissue in the oral cavity. Based on the anamnese of the patient, they have dry mouth since the disturbance of the function of Parotid salivary gland has causing the saliva amount became lower. This condition can encourage the caries process. From all of the five cases occured after the radiation between one mouth until six year the time, extended damage is seen, demineralization with a small cavity and discoloring teeth color into brown."

"Latar belakang: Kualitas suara ditentukan oleh karakteristik elastisitas pita suara, resonansi dan struktur di saluran vokal. Produksi suara merupakan salah satu komponen yang berperan penting dalam komunikasi verbal, interaksi sosial serta merupakan identitas dan kepribadian tiap individu yang berkontribusi pada kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup seseorang. Pasien karsinoma nasofaring pasca radiasi tanpa adanya residu dapat mengalami fibrosis pada velofaring dan memicu gangguan penutupan velofaring selama bicara sehingga menimbulkan hipernasal.

Tujuan: Mengetahui karakteristik dan proporsi skor nasalance pada pasien KNF pasca radiasi dengan atau tanpa gangguan persepsi bicara.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi survei deskriptif dengan teknik cross sectional dan kemudian dilanjutkan pengambilan data retrospektif pasien karsinoma nasofaring pasca radiasi di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Juli – Agustus 2023. Parameter yang dinilai adalah skor nasalance dengan menggunakan nasometer.

Hasil: Skor nasalance pasien karsinoma nasofaring pasca radiasi pada uji gajah 1 didapatkan median 14 (7-22), rerata uji hantu 1 39,8% + 4,5, dan rerata uji sengau 62,2 + 6,9, dengan titik potong skor nasalance pada uji gajah 1 antara persepsi bicara normal dengan gangguan persepsi bicara hipernasal adalah 15.5% dan pada uji hantu 1 adalah 42.5%. Jenis kelamin dan dosis radiasi pada otot konstriktor faring memiliki kecenderungan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap gangguan persepsi bicara pada pasien karsinoma nasofaring pasca radiasi.

Kesimpulan: Diperlukan studi prospektif pada pasien karsinoma nasofaring dengan penilaian sebelum dan sesudah radiasi serta evaluasi follow-up untuk menilai efek radiasi yang mencakup semua aspek fungsional suara dan ucapan yang relevan.

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Background: Voice quality is determined by the elasticity of the vocal cords, resonance, and structures in the vocal tract. Voice production is a component that plays an important role in verbal communication and social interaction. It is the identity and personality of each individual that contribute to their welfare and quality of life. Post-radiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients without any residue can experience fibrosis in the velopharynx and trigger disruption of the velopharyngeal closure during speech, causing hypernasality.

Objective: To determine the characteristics and proportions of the nasalance score in post-radiation NPC patients with or without impaired speech perception.

Methods: This research is a descriptive study using cross-sectional techniques, followed by retrospective data collection of post-radiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at CMGH Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo for the period July–August 2023. The parameter assessed is the nasalance score using a nasometer.

Results: The nasalance score in the Gajah 1 test obtained a median of 14 (7-22), for the mean value of Hantu 1 test was 39.8% + 4.5, and for the mean value of Sengau test was 62.2 + 6.9, with a nasalance score cut point in Gajah 1 test between normal speech perception and hypernasal was 15.5% and in Hantu 1 test was 42.5%. Gender and radiation dose to the pharyngeal constrictor muscle tend to have a significant relationship with impaired speech perception in post-radiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

Conclusion: A prospective study is needed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with pre- and post-radiation assessment and follow-up evaluation to assess radiation's effects, including all relevant functional aspects of voice and speech."