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"This paper approaches the subject of labour standards from the standpoint of domestic labour market circumstances rather than international norms. The paper assesses government approaches to improving standards in the context of Indonesia's daunting 'employment challenge', and the capacity of institutions to implement reform since the fall of Soeharto. The discussion of recent reforms is divided into two parts: the affirmation of basic rights and freedoms, and legislation for the protection 'Survival' and 'Security' Rights. It is found that while the protection of labour freedoms is long overdue, there is mounting evidence that regulation of setting labour standards in the modern sector benefits the few with 'better' jobs. It penalises many less fortunate Indonesians in the informal sector and agriculture, and also younger, new job seekers. Owing to a significant improvement in Basic and Civil Rights, the compliance regime in relation to labour standards has altered dramatically in recent years. This has closed the gap between rhetoric and reality: between formal ratification and the actual impact of labour regulations on labour costs, while giving no obvious boost to productivity. It is of concern especially in those internationally labour-intensive industries such as textiles, footwear, and clothing (TCF), where Indonesia has had a comparative advantage in the past. "

"A treatment of the convergence of probability measures from the foundations to applications in limit theory for dependent random variables. Mapping theorems are proved via Skorokhod's representation theorem; Prokhorov's theorem is proved by construction of a content. The limit theorems at the conclusion are proved under a new set of conditions that apply fairly broadly, but at the same time make possible relatively simple proofs."

"In this study, we develop a simple, two-person economy model based on the capability approach. We show that the two distribution rules of goods equalizing capabilities (i.e., the least disparity of capabilities and the largest value of an intersection of capabilities) satisfy the weak equity axiom (Sen, 1973) defined over our framework. The results suggest that equality of capabilities can deal appropriately with hard case issues (i.e., issues related to the treatment of the disabled). Finally, we present two examples that illustrate an optimal solution for each rule."