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Hasil Pencarian

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Bambang Guritno
"ABSTRAK
Ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan bahan makanan penting di Indonesia setelah padi. dan jagung. Lebih kurang 60% dari produksi ubi kayu di Indonesia digunaan sebagai bahan makanan. 32% digunakan sebagai bahan industri dalam negeri, dan 8% diekspor dalam bentuk gaplek. Luas tanaman ubi kayu di Indonesia selama 5 tahun ter.akhir berkisar 1.4 juta hektar dan lebih kurang 1 juta hektar berada di Jawa. Ditinjau dart kalori yang dihasilkan per satuan luas tanah, ubi kayu menghasilkan kalori lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan padi dan jagung. Sedangkan apabila ditinjau dari kalori yang dihasilkan per satuan waktu jagung lebih tinggi hasil kalorinya dibandingkan padi dan ubi kayu. Tanaman ubi kayu umumnya ditanam dengan menggunakan bahan tanam yang berupa stek batang. Sedangkan perbanyakan biji, dilakukan hanya untuk kepentingan pemuliaan. Mengingat sangat mudahnya penanaman, peranan mutu stek seringkali diabaikan. hal ini akan mengakibatkan umbi yang diproduksi pertanaman sangat bervariasi.
Hasil-hasil penelitian mutu stek tanaman ubi kayu dari beberapa negara masih beraneka ragam, bahkan ada yang bertolak belakang. Sedangkan informasi ilmiah yang menunjang data-data penelitian dari luar negeri tersebut masih kurang. Akibatnya, standard mutu stek yang baik bagi tanaman ubi kayu masih belum jelas. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh bahan tanam terhadap pola pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman ubi kayu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melaksanakan empat percobaan lapang, empat percobaan pot dan dua percobaan laboratorium. Percobaan lapang dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Cassava Research Project Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya di Bedali, Lawang. Terletak pada ketinggian 450m di atas permukaan laut, 18 km sebelah utara Malang. Mempunyai tipe iklim C3 berdasarkan perhitungan Oldeman (1975). Sedangkan percobaan pot dan laboratorium berturutturut dilakukan di Fakultas Pertanian dan Laboratorium Cassava Research Project Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari hubungan antara bagian batang yang digunakan sebagai bahan tanam, yang meliputi ukuran, berat, kandungan pati dan nutrisi dengan pola pertumbuhan tanaman beserta produksi umbi tanaman ubi kayu.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagian-bagian dari batang yang dipakai untuk stek sangat berpengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan maupun produksi umbi dibandingkan dengan umur tanaman pada saat batang yang akan digunakan stek diambil. Produksi umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah berada pada 6.4% dan 12.7% lebih besar dari pada stek yang berasal dart batang bagian tengah dan atas. Begitu pula dengan ukuran umbinya. Umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah berukuran 4.1% dan 11.9% lebih besar, dibanding dengan umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek batang bagian tengah dan atas. Walaupun dalam penelitian secara statistik perbedaan umur tanaman sendiri tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap produksi umbi (kg), tetapi hal yang panting untuk diperhatikan adalah bahwa perbedaan produksi umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah dan atas dari tanaman yang berumur muda (7 bulan), jauh lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan yang berasal dari tanaman tua (13 bulan). Sebagai gambaran perbedaan produksi umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dart batang bagian bawah dan atas dari tanaman ubi kayu berumur 11 - 13 bulan berkisar 10% sedangkan dari tanaman yang berumur 7 - 9 bulanberkisar 15%. Perbedaan produksi umbi ini disebabkan pula oleh perbedaan berat total tanaman yang dihasilkan dan bukan karena adanya perbedaan distribusi dari bagian tanaman yang dihasilkan. Stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah menghasilkan nilai kurun luas daun (leaf area duration) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stek yang berasal dari batang bagian tengah dan atas.Pada awal pertumbuhan diperlihatkan bahwa pertumbuhan tunas dari stek batang bagian atas lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan yang berasal dart stek batang bagian bawah. Akan tetapi untuk pertumbuhan berikutnya terjadi keadaan sebaliknya. Laju pertumbuhan relatif dari bagian-bagian tanaman (akar, batang dan daun) lebih cepat untuk stek batang bagian bawah. Kandungan nutrisi stek bervariasi, tergantung dari bagian batang yang mana stek tersebut berasal. Stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah mengandung nutrisi dan pati lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang berasal dari bagian atas. Terdapat hubungan linier yang positif antara kandungan nitrogen dan kalium dengan produksi umbi. Tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara panjang dan diameter stek terhadap produksi umbi. Tetapi baik panjang maupun diameter stek itu sendiri berpengaruh terhadap produksi umbi.
Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa panjang optimum stek berkisar 25 cm. Pada pertumbuhan awal tanaman, stek dengan panjang 25 cm menghasilkan produksi umbi dan laju pertumbuhan umbi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan stek yang lebih pendek maupun lebih panjang. Namun demikian, stek yang lebih panjang dart 25 cm me perlihatkan laju pertumbuhan tanaman bagian atas tanah yang lebih tinggi. Semakin besar atau semakin kecil diameter stek, mengakibatkan produksi semakin menurun. Stek berdiameter 2.25 - 2.50 cm menghasilkan produksi umbi yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan stek yang berdiameter lebih kecil dari 2.25 cm dan lebih besar dari 2.50 cm. Walaupun panjang dan diameter stek berhubungan erat dengan berat stek tetapi dart hasil penelitian tidak terlihat hubungan secara nyata antara berat stek dan produksi umbi.
Dari hasil penelitian ini dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa mutu stek tanaman ubi kayu yang baik adalah stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah, berukuran panjang sekitar 25 cm, dan berdiameter 2.25 - 2,50 cm. Sedangkan banyaknya stek bermutu balk yang dapat dihasilkan oleh satu tanaman sangat tergantung dart umur dan caritas tanaman ubi kayu itu sendiri. Diperkirakan panjang batang yang dapat digunakan sebagai stek bermutu baik berasal dari tanaman berumur 11 - 13 bulan, dengan panjang lebih kurang separuh bagian dari pangkal batang.

ABSTRACT
As a food crop in Indonesia, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plays an important role after rice and maize. About 60% of cassava production in Indonesia is consumed as staple food, 32% is used as industrial material for domestic use, and 8% is exported as dried cassava (?gaplek?). The area of cassava in Indonesia in the last 5 years has been about 1.4 million hectares, about 1 million hectares of which are in Java. On the basis of the calories produced per unit area of land, cassava gives a higher calorie yield than rice or maize. However, on the basis of calories produced per unit area per unit of time, maize produces a higher calorie yield than rice or cassava.
Because propagation is easy, the variation in quality of stem material for propagation has never been seriously investigated. Moreover, research which has been conducted overseas has given variable and sometimes conflicting results. Thus the position regarding quality or stem cuttings for propagation was not clear. Accordingly a research program was undertaken to study the influence of four field experiments, four pot experiments and two laboratory experiments were conducted. The field experiments were conducted in the experimental field of the Cassava Research Project, Faculty of Agriculture. Brawijaya University, at Bedali, Lawang. This is situated 450 m above sea level, 18 km north of Malang. Pot and laboratory experiments were done respectively at the Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya University, and the Laboratory of the Cassava Research Project, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University.
The objectives of the experiments were to determine how growth pattern and final root yield are related to age, region of stem, size, length, diameter, weight, carbohydrate and nutrient contents of the propagation material.
Results of the experiments showed that the age of the plant from which cuttings were obtained affected dry matter production, and both root yield and total plant dry weight were significantly influenced by the position on the stem from which cuttings were obtained. Cuttings from the base of the stem gave a higher yield than cuttings from either the medial region (which yielded 6.4% less than basal) or the apical regions (12.7% lees). The difference in yield per hectares were brought about by differences in number and weight of storage roots, but the more important of these two components of yield was the size (weight) of the storage roots. The weight of roots produced from basal-region cuttings was 4.1% greater than from medial-region cuttings and 11.9% greater than from apical-region cuttings. Ave-rage growth rates of plants showed a similar pattern; growth rates from basal, medial and apical cuttings were respectively 24.2, 28.0 and 30.8 g/plant/week.
Although the age of stem did not have a significant effect on yield, the difference between the root yields from basal and apical cuttings was greater for young stem (7 and 9 months old) than for older stems (11 and 13 months old). With young stems, the apical cuttings gave plants which yielded 10% less than those from basal cuttings. With the older stems the difference was 15%. In the initial growth, sprouting of the apical cuttings was quicker than of the basal cuttings, but the subsequent growth of the basal cuttings was more rapid than of the apical cuttings. The relative growth rates of the plant organs (roots, new shoots and new plants) developed from basal cuttings were greater than from apical cuttings. The nutrient content of the cuttings (mg/cutting) varied with position on the parent stem. The oldest section (lowest section) of the stem had the highest nutrient and starch contents. Storage root yield was positively and linearly related to both nitrogen and potassium con-tents of the cuttings. Length and diameter of cutting individually influenced yield. However, there was no significant interaction between them. The optimum cutting length was about 25 cm. For root and storage-root growth, the optimum cutting lenght was 25 cm. This is possibly because cuttings of 25 cm gave plants with higher rates of root and storage-root growth during the initial growth phase than either shorter or longer cuttings. On the other hand, for shoot growth, the rate of growth was greater the longer the cutting. The optimum diameter of cutting was 2.25 - 2.50 cm; yields were lower from cuttings that had bigger or smaller diameters than this. Although cutting length and diameter were related to weight of cutting, there was no relation-ship found between weight of cutting and root yield.
From these results of the experiments it can be concluded that the quality of a cutting is best if it is taken from the basal region of the stem, is about 25 cm long, and has diameter of 2.25 - 2.50 cm. However, in general, any cutting from the lower half of the stem gives satisfactory results.
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1985
D136
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Wahyu Nirwanto
"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai karakterisasi morfologi ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) tinggi beta karoten. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi dan pola pita isozim peroksidase (PER), 6-fosfoglukonat dehidrogenase (6-PGD), sikimat dehidrogenase (SDH), dan enzim malat (ME) pada 5 genotipe ubi kayu Mentega 1, Mentega 2, Roti, Ubi Kuning, dan Adira 1. Hasil pengamatan morfologi dan analisis pola pita isozim diuraikan secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk dendrogram.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam satu genotipe terdapat keragaman karakter morfologi tetapi tidak dalam pola pita isozim. Karakter pembeda antar genotipe adalah warna daun muda, warna daun tua, warna pertulangan daun bagian atas, warna petiolus, gigi pada daun, warna batang muda, warna batang tua, dan warna parenkim. Berdasarkan dendrogram pola pita enzim PER, genotipe Adira 1 dan Ubi Kuning berada dalam satu cluster.

Research on morphological and isozyme characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) with high beta-carotene has been done. The study aims to determine the diversity of morphological and isozyme banding pattern of peroxidase (PER), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), schicimate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malic enzyme (ME) from 5 cassava genotypes (Mentega 1, Mentega 2, Roti, Ubi Kuning, and Adira 1). The results of morphological observation and analysis of isozyme banding pattern was described descriptively and presented in the form of dendrogram.
The results showed that there is a diversity of morphological character in a single genotype but not in isozyme banding pattern. The distinguishing characters between the genotypes are colours of: young leaf, old leaf, basal part of leaf venation, petiolus, teethlets on mature leaf, young stem, old trunk, and parenchyma. Based on dendrogram of PER enzyme banding pattern, Adira 1 and Ubi Kuning are put in the same cluster
"
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S1297
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jakarta : Sinar Harapan, 1086
330.9598 EKO ct (1)
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Tribadi, Suranto, Sajidan. 2009. Variation of morphological and protein pattern of cassava (Manihot esculenta) varieties of Adira1 and Cabak makao in Ngawi, East Java. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 14-22. This research is intended to find out the morphological and anatomical variation as well as the protein band pattern of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) widely spread in three different areas of height. The sample collecting is done using simple random sampling in the three different areas of height that is 50, 300, 1000 meters asl in Ngawi District, East Java while the analysis of protein band pattern is done using SDS-PAGE. The result of the research of morphology and anatomy is analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tabels, histograms and figures. The analysis of protein band pattern is done using quantitative and qualitative analysis that is based on the appearance or not the gel band pattern by counting the molecular weights based on code marker S 8445 and qualitative method based on the quality of the band formed. The band pattern formed is istimated and presented in the form of zimogram. The result of the research shows that the height of the cultivating site very much influences toward variations of root, stem and leaf morphology. The longest root is at 50 meter heights asl (Cabak makao local variety, the widest stem diameter is at 50 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety) the longest leaf and branch is at 300 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety) and 1000 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety). There is no difference of anatomy in the root, stem and leaf and no difference of protein band pattern either in Adira1 or Cabak makao local variety. "
570 NBS 2:1 (2010)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Kristian
"[ABSTRAK
Dengan potensi ekonomi yang besar dari ubi kayu dalam perdagangan
dunia dan meningkatnya kebutuhan dunia akan ubi kayu serta dengan
keterbatasan-keterbatasan Indonesia dalam meningkatkan produksi ubi kayu,
perlu dikaji faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produksi, konsumsi maupun
harga ubi kayu di Indonesia. Produksi ubi kayu dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh
variabel harga ubi kayu, luas areal panen ubi kayu dan harga pupuk urea.
Konsumsi ubi kayu di Indonesia dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variabel
jumlah penduduk Indonesia. Harga ubi kayu di Indonesia dipengaruhi secara
signifikan oleh variabel luas panen ubi kayu, konsumsi ubi kayu dan panjang jalan
beraspal. Berdasarkan proyeksi, produksi ubi kayu akan mengalami peningkatan
jika harga ubi kayu, produktivitas lahan ubi kayu maupun luas panennya
ditingkatkan. Konsumsi ubi kayu Indonesia diproyeksikan akan mengalami
penurunan jika secara bersamaan ada peningkatan harga ubi kayu, peningkatan
pendapatan perkapita dan adanya peningkatan jumlah penduduk Indonesia. Harga
ubi kayu diproyeksikan akan mengalami peningkatan jika konsumsi ubi kayu
mengalami penurunan dibarengi dengan penurunan luas areal panen ubi kayu.

ABSTRACT
With great economic potential of cassava in the world trade and the
increasing world demand for cassava as well as the limitations of Indonesia to
increase cassava production it needs to be investigated factors that can affect the
production, consumption and prices of cassava in Indonesia. Cassava production
is significantly influenced by the variable price of cassava, cassava harvested
area and price of urea fertilizer. Consumption of cassava in Indonesia is
significantly influenced by population of Indonesia. The price of cassava in
Indonesia is significantly influenced by cassava harvested area, consumption of
cassava and the length of tarred road. Based on projections, cassava production
would increase if cassava price, cassava land productivity and harvested area are
improved. Indonesian cassava consumption is projected to decline if there are
increasing in cassava price, per capita income and population of Indonesia
simultaneously. The price of cassava is projected to increase if the consumption of
cassava decreased accompanied by a decrease in the total area harvested
cassava., With great economic potential of cassava in the world trade and the
increasing world demand for cassava as well as the limitations of Indonesia to
increase cassava production it needs to be investigated factors that can affect the
production, consumption and prices of cassava in Indonesia. Cassava production
is significantly influenced by the variable price of cassava, cassava harvested
area and price of urea fertilizer. Consumption of cassava in Indonesia is
significantly influenced by population of Indonesia. The price of cassava in
Indonesia is significantly influenced by cassava harvested area, consumption of
cassava and the length of tarred road. Based on projections, cassava production
would increase if cassava price, cassava land productivity and harvested area are
improved. Indonesian cassava consumption is projected to decline if there are
increasing in cassava price, per capita income and population of Indonesia
simultaneously. The price of cassava is projected to increase if the consumption of
cassava decreased accompanied by a decrease in the total area harvested
cassava.]"
2015
T43177
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Emmy Kurniati
"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menelaah permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pemasaran ubi kayu di Lampung dan mencari alternatif pemecahan masalah.untuk mengatasi permasalahan ubi kayu dalam jangka panjang sangat penting dipertimbangkan menarik partisipasi petani melalui wadah keorganisasiaan ekonomi desa KUD."
Palembang: Kopertis wilayah II Palembang, 2007
507 MANDIRI 9:3 (2006)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Food diversificatiion is one of the governmental programs to reduce rice demand. Cassava is a good sources of carbohydrate. The Objective of this research was to show the effect of composition of cassava and soybean flour in flake formula. The flake was enriched with soybean (10%,20/%, 30%, and 40%) as source of protein. Hedonic test was test was used to determine the best product. The result indicated that 10 % soybean mixing was the most accepted."
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Inayatur Rohmah
"ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian multiplikasi tunas ubi kayu tinggi beta karoten genotipe Ubi Kuning secara kultur in vitro menggunakan dua tipe eksplan, yaitu nodus apikal dan empat nodus aksilar yang ditanam pada medium MS dengan penambahan 0,75 mgl-1 BAP. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui nodus yang paling responsif terhadap media induksi tunas. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis dan analisis variansi (ANOVA) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (α=0,05) antara perlakuan nodus (Apikal, Aksilar 1, Aksilar 2, Aksilar 3, dan Aksilar 4) dengan rata-rata jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, dan panjang daun. Hasil uji lanjut Duncan (α=0,05) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata di antara perlakuan nodus. Respon pertumbuhan yang paling cepat dan seragam terkait tinggi tunas, hari tumbuh tunas, jumlah daun, dan panjang daun ditunjukkan oleh nodus tengah, yaitu nodus aksilar 2 dan 3.

ABSTRACT
Research on cassava shoot multiplication of high beta-carotene Ubi Kuning genotype in vitro culture has been done using two different types of explant sources i.e., apical and four axillary buds grow on MS medium containing 0,75 mgl-1 BAP. The study aims to determine the most responsive node for shoot multiplication. The Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA test showed that various of explants (Apical, Axillary 1, Axillary 2, Axillary 3, and Axillary 4) had significant different (α=0,05) with average value of shoot number, shoot length, leaf number, and leaf length. The Duncan test showed that there was a significant different (α=0,05) between various type of explants. The most rapid growth response that associated with shoot length, leaf number, and leaf length obtained from the 2nd and 3rd axillary buds."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42373
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1986
633.682 CAS t (1)
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Stanford: Stanfod University Press, 1984
633.682 CAS
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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