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"UJI INFEKTIVITAS Scleroderma spp. PADA SEMAI Shoreaselarrica (DC.) Blume DAN Hopea odorata (Roxb.)ABSTRACT 1Infection test of Scleroderma geaster, Scleroderma sirmamariense, Sclerodermacolumnare and Scleroderma sp. to Shorea selanica seedlings has been studied undergreen house conditions. Those myconhizal lirngi, except Scleroderma sp. were alsotested to Hopea odorara seedlings. Root mycorrhizal percentage and formation ofmantel and Hartigfs net structures were investigated.The objective of the research was to find out the most infective Sclerodermamycorrhizal iimgi to Shorea selanica and Hopea odorara seedlings._ Root structural analysis of 3 months inoculated roots showed that there weremycorrhizal colonization in Shorea selanica and Hopea odoraia rooting system butmantel and I-Iartig?s net structures were not formed yet. These structures werecompletely fonned 4 months after inoculation. Root structure observation showed thatScleroderma spp. colonized and infected well the root system of Shorea selarzica andHopea odorara seedlings. The percentage of mycorrhizal roots was 13.75 % to 42.50 %for Shorea selanica seedlings and 14.17 % to 59.17 % for Hopea odorata. Hartig?s netstructures were formed in between two radially elongated epidermis cells.PENDAHULUANTanaman meranti (Dqoterocarpaceae) merupakan salah satu pohon hutan tropisyang mutlak rnembutuhkan mikoriza terutama pada tingkat semai (Yasman, 1997).Mikoriza adalah suatu asosiasi yang sepenuhnya simbiosis dan menghasilkan suatu sifatmorfologi yang baru dan konsisten dalam proses asosiasinya serta mendatangkankcuntungan untuk lcedua organisme tersebut (Harley & Smith, 1983). Sclerodermaspp. mempakan cendawan elctomikoriza yang sexing ditemukan berasosiasi dengan jenis-jenis tanaman dan famili Dipterocarpaceae, Pinaceae dan Gnetaceae. Sifat khusus dariektomikoriza adalah adanya struktur mantel yang terbcntuk dad jalinan hifa, yangmenetap pada permukaan akar dan Hartig-net yang terdapat di antara sel epidermis dan1"

"Penelitian Karakteristik Habitat dan Tingkat Simpanan Karbon Pada Hutan Dataran Rendah Dipterocarpaceae di Way Canguk, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2013. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter habitat yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan Dipterocarpaceae, mengetahui habitus pertumbuhan semai hingga pohon dan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat simpanan karbon Dipterocarpaceae, serta peran Dipterocarpaceae dalam menentukan besaran nilai simpanan karbon seluruh vegetasi pada hutan dataran rendah Dipterocarpaceae di TNBBS. Pengamatan Karakter habitat dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung terhadap faktor lingkungan tumbuh Dipterocarpaceae pada hutan tidak terbakar dan pasca terbakar. Pengamatan Simpanan karbon dilakukan dengan mengukur diameter pohon setinggi dada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas cahaya yang lebih banyak, serasah yang tebal, dan liana yang sedikit, merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Dipterocarpaceae. Faktor-faktor tersebut mendukung lingkungan tumbuh bagi habitus semai, pancang, tiang, dan pohon Dipterocarpaceae. Habitus pohon Dipterocarpaceae yang pada umumnya memiliki DBH besar mampu meningkatkan nilai simpanan karbon hutan Dipterocarpaceae Di Way Canguk, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Lampung

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Habitat characteristics and the level of Carbon stocks in Lowland Dipterocarp forest in The Way Canguk, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park was conducted in June 2013. The study aims to determine the habitat characteristics that affect growth Dipterocarpaceae, knowing habitus up a tree seedling growth and its effect on the level of carbon savings dipterocarp and dipterocarp role in determining the amount of the value of carbon storage in forest vegetation throughout lowland dipterocarp in TNBBS. Character habitat observations made by direct observation of environmental factors on the growth dipterocarp not burn and burned forests. Observations of carbon Deposits made by measuring the diameter at breast height of trees. The results showed that more of the light intensity, litter is thick, and a minimum of liana, are factors that influence the growth Dipterocarpaceae. These factors support the habitus growing environment for seedlings, saplings, poles, and Dipterocarpaceae trees. Habitus dipterocarp trees , which generally have a large DBH able to increase carbon storage in Dipterocarp forest Way Canguk, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung."

"Asian tropical forests are among the most diverse on the planet, a richness that belies the fact that they are dominated by a single tropical tree family, the Dipterocarpaceae. Many other families contribute to Asias natural diversity, but few compare to the dipterocarps in the number and variety of species that occupy the forest canopy. Understanding the ecology and dynamics of Asian forests is, to a very great extent, a study of the Dipterocarpaceae. This book synthesizes current knowledge on the dipterocarps. The family is explored through ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographic perspectives. The variety of dipterocarp forest formations in both the ever-wet and seasonal tropics is described, with due consideration given to the poorly known African and South American dipterocarp species. The considerable progress on the phylogeny and biogeography of the family is synthesized. A chapter on dipterocarp reproductive ecology, and particularly masting behaviour, reflects the considerable research interest attributed to this subject and its importance in shaping the ecology of Asian lowland rain forests in particular. Ecophysiological responses to light, water, and nutrients, which underlie mechanisms that maintain dipterocarp species richness, are addressed in separate chapters. At broader scales, dipterocarp responses to variation in soil, topography, climate, and natural disturbance regimes are explored from population and community perspectives in two additional chapters. The book concludes with a consideration of the economic values of dipterocarps and the recent and ongoing threats to dipterocarp forests. Looking to the future, a scientific foundation is required to capitalize on opportunities for conservation and restoration, and it is this to which this book aims to contribute."

"[DENV merupakan sebuah virus yang penularannya melalui vektor nyamuk, yaitu Aedes aegypti. Virus ini terdiri dari 4 tipe, yaitu DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, dan DENV-4. Infeksi DENV banyak terjadi pada negara dengan iklim tropis, diantaranya seperti Karibia, Asia Tenggara, serta Pasifik Barat. Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara dengan endemis infeksi DENV di seluruh wilayahnya. Hingga saat ini, tatalaksana yang diberikan untuk pasien dengan infeksi DENV masih berupa tatalaksana suportif dikarenakan belum ditemukan obat yang efektif untuk mengobati keempat tipe DENV. Ekstrak daun Shorea spp. disinyalir memiliki kemampuan untuk menginhibisi DENV sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai antiviral. Pada penelitian ini, sel Huh7It-1diinfeksikan dengan DENV dan diberikan ekstrak Shorea spp. dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Efektifitas ekstrak diteliti dengan menggunakan konsentrasi 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, dan 10 μg/ml. Efek inhibisi diuji menggunakan metode Focus Assay. Sedangkan efek sitotoksik diuji menggunakan metode MTT Assay. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai sitotoksik (CC50) ekstrak terhadap sel dan nilai inhibisi (IC50) ekstrak terhadap DENV, yaitu nilainya sebesar 150,85 μg/ml dan 23,22 μg/ml. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 dan CC50, didapatkan nilai Selectivity Index (SI) sebesar 6,496. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun Shorea spp. memiliki efek inhibisi terhadap DENV dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai antiviral terhadap DENV di masa mendatang.;DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future;DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future, DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future]"

"The successfull cultivation of usefull plant largely depends on the quality of seed , espicially viability and germination vigor. Seed of picrasma javanica blume has potential use in the development of templates for new drugs, e,g. to treat malaria...."

"ABSTRAKSenyawa kimia dari kayu teras damar laut (Shores dan Hopea Sp.) yang akan digunakan sebagai pengawet alami kayu karet (Hevea b. Muell agr.), secara kwalitatif melalui Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, pengawetan Penapisan Fitokimia, dan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometer-Massa yang mempunyai National Institute Standart Technology (KIST) -- Library. Senyawa utama yang diperoleh secara pendekatan/melalui "KIST" adalah : 2-Naphtalenol, 8-Amino dari fraksi N-Heksan dan Benzaldehide, 4-Methoxy dari fraksi Etil Eter, yang diduga sebagai bahan pengawet alami terhadap rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes Cinophalus Light). Dari uji kekerasan, diperoleh pula bahwa kekerasan kayu karet sebelum dan sesudah diawetkan dalam rendaman dingin dari setiap konsentrasi zat ekstraktif kayu damar laut dengan pelarut pelarut Aseton, Normal Heksan, Etil Eter, dan Etil Asetat, tidak berubah."

"Senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam daun pacar cina (Aglaia odorata L) diekstraksi dengan n-heksana. Senyawa tersebut dipisahkan dan diisolasi dengan cara kromatografi (KK,KCKT). Struktur dari senyawanya ditentukan dengan menggunakan data spektroskopi (IR,MS,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR), sedangkan aktivitas biologi dari senyawa-senyawa tersebut di test terhadap ikan guppy (Lebistes reticulates) dan larva nyamuk (Culex quinquefasciatus).Isolasi dan pemurnian memberikan hasil senyawa A dan B, didasarkan atas data spektroskopi. senyawa a adalah suatu flavonoid dan di identifikasi sebagai Naringenin -7.3'.4'-trimetil eter, senyawa B adalah suatu triterpenoid dan di identifikasi sebagai 24,25-dihidroksi dammaran -20-en-3-one.Pengujian aktivitas biologi ekstrak n-heksana menunjukkan kemampuan toksik terhadap ikan guppymaupun larva nyamuk., Senyawa B (24,25-dihidroksi dammaran-20-en-3-on) menunjukkan efek toksik terhadap ikan guppy dengan LC-50 : 93 ppm.

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Structural Determination And Biological Activity Of Pacar Cina Leaves ( Aglaia Odorata Lour)Chemical constituents contained in Pacar cina leaves (Aglaia odorata Lour) were extracted by 'n-hexana. The compounds were separated and isolated with chromatography (CC, HPLC). the structure of the compounds were established using spectroscopy data (IR,MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, while biological activities of the compouds were adminestered to guppy fish (Lebistes reticulatus), mosquitus larva (Culex quinquefasciatus).

The isolated and purified compounds give rise compound A and B, based on spectroscophy data compund A is a flavonoid and identified, as Naringenin 7,3',4'-trimetil eter, compound B is a tritepenoid and identified as 24,25-dihidroxidammaran-2-en-3-one.

The biological activity to guppy fish, mosquitus larva as well. the compound B showed toxic activity on guppy fish (LC-50 : 93 ppm)."

"Endofit adalah organisme yang membentuk koloni dalam jaringantanaman tanpa menimbulkan gejala negatif pada inangnya. Kapang adalahsalah satu bentuk organisme endofit yang paling banyak ditemukan.Beberapa kapang endofit dilaporkan mampu menghasilkan metabolitsekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Tujuan dari penelitian iniadalah untuk mengisolasi kapang endofit dari tanaman Garcinia fruticosaLauterb, Garcinia lateriflora Blume, Garcinia cowa Roxb dan menyeleksikapang endofit yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Delapan kapang endofityang telah berhasil diisolasi dari ketiga tanaman tersebut difermentasi dalammedia cair Potato Dextrose Yeast. Supernatan, ekstrak metanol, etil asetat,dan butanol dari hasil fermentasi digunakan untuk skrining aktivitasantimikroba. Skrining aktivitas antimikroba dari ekstrak fermentasi kapangendofit dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Candida albicans, dan Aspergillus niger. Lima isolat kapangmenghasilkan zat yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Bacillussubtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa, Staphylococcus aureus, danPseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstrak fermentasi kedelapan isolat kapangendofit tidak ada yang menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Candidaalbicans dan Aspergillus niger."

"Stroke dapat menyebabkan perubahan atau kerusakan neurologis berupa gangguan tidur insomnia. Gangguan tidur insomnia pada pasien pasca stroke akan mempengaruhi rehabilitasi dan kualitas hidup pasien. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu upaya intervensi keperawatan yang dapat meningkatkan relaksasi pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aromatherapi: Kenanga (Cananga odorata) terhadap gangguan tidur insomnia pada pasien stroke di RSUD Pangkalpinang dan Sungailiat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen dengan pre dan postest design dan melibatkan 38 orang responden yang dikelompokkan menjadi intervensi dan kontrol. Pemilihan responden penelitian dengan teknik consequtive sampling. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan rerata derajat insomnia setelah pemberian aromaterapi Kenanga antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (p=0,000). Oleh karena itu, peneliti merekomendasikan aromaterapi Kenanga sebagai salah satu alternatif intervensi keperawatan untuk masalah insomnia pada pasien stroke.

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Stroke may lead to altered or impaired neurological function which include insomnia. Insomnia in post-stroke patients affects the patients? rehabilitation process and quality of life. Therefore, it is of high importance to develop and examine the nursing intervention aiming at improving sleep pattern in this group of patients. The study aimed to assess the influence of Cananga (Cananga Odorata) aromatherapy to insomnia sleep disorder in patients with stroke at Pangkalpinang and Sungailiat Hospitals. This quasi-experiment with pre-posttest design was carried out in 38 respondents, consecutively sampled and assigned into the intervention and control groups. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of insomnia degree in the intervention and control group, after the Cananga aromatherapy treatment (p=0.000). It could be concluded that Cananga aromatherapy is likely to lower insomnia in patients with stroke in this study. Nurses may use this intervention to help addressing insomnia problem among patients with stroke."

"Diabetes mellitus atau penyakit gula darah adalah salah satu penyakit yang cukup menonjol di antara penyakit-penyakit lain seperti penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah, serta penyakit kanker. Pengobatan diabetes melitus dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian Insulin, obat hipoglikemik oral, dan obat herbal. Salah satu tanaman obat yang bisa dijadikan sebagai obat herbal untuk penyakit diabetes melitus adalah kayu manis.Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, kayu manis memiliki penghambatan terhadap aktivitas α-glukosidase, namun senyawa aktif tidak diketahui kepolarannya, sehingga dilakukan fraksinasi untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa dari fraksi yang aktif. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap ekstrak petroleum eter, etil asetat, n-butanol dan air menggunakan α- glukosidase dan substrat p-nitrofenil-α-D-glukopiranosida yang menghasilkan produk paranitrofenol. Produk tersebut diukur serapannya menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada λ 400 nm. Parameter adanya aktivitas penghambatan yang dimiliki oleh ekstrak ditunjukan oleh nilai %inhibisi dan IC50.Hasil uji penghambatan aktivitas α-glukosidase menunjukkan bahwa ke empat fraksi ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan. Fraksi ekstrak yang memiliki penghambatan terbaik terhadap aktivitas α- glukosidase adalah ekstrak n-butanol dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 1,168 μg/mL. IC50 ekstrak etil asetat, air dan petroleum eter adalah 19,239 μg/mL, 24,244 μg/mL, dan 69,717 μg/mL. Golongan senyawa yang dikandung oleh ekstrak n-butanol adalah flavonoid, glikosida dan tanin.

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Diabetes mellitus or blood sugar disease is a quite prominent disease among other diseases such as heart and blood vessel, and cancer. Treatment of diabetes mellitus can be done by administering insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and herbal medicine. One of the medicinal plants that could be used as herbal medicine for diabetes mellitus is cinnamon.Based on previous studies, cinnamon has inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, but the polarity of active compound is unknown, so that fractionation is done to identify the compound of the active fraction. The method was an in vitro model to extract of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water using α- glucosidase and substrate of p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside that produced p-nitrophenol. The product was measured by spectrophotometer UV-Vis at λ 400 nm. The parameters of inhibitory activity of extracts is shown by the values of % inhibition and IC50.The test results of inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase showed that the four fractions of cinnamon bark extract, showed inhibitory activity. The extract fraction that have the best inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase is n-butanol extract with IC50 values of 1.168 mg/mL. IC50 values of ethyl acetate, water and petroleum ether extract is 19.239 μ/ml, 24.244 μ/mL, and 69.717 μ/ mL. The compounds contained by n-butanol extract are flavonoids, glycosides and tannins."