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"Anemia is the main micronutrient deficiency problem among adolescent school girls in Indonesia. Anemia due to iron deficiency often coexists with zine deficiency. Iron and zinc have anlagonistic interaction. Therefore, it was appropriate ratio of iron-zinc supplementation.ObjectiveThe study was aimed to investigate the different ratios of iron-zinc supplementation Fe: Zn = 2: 1 and Fe: Zn = 4: 1 on improving the iron and zinc status and eventually reduction of the morbidity of anemic adolescent school girls compared to iron supplementation alone.MethodologyA randomized, double blind community trial was conducted among anemic adolescent school girls (10-12 years old). Selection of subjects was conduted in two steps. Firstly, 238 girls (out of 1358 girls), with hemoglobin concentration level < 115 g/L using Hemocue were recruited and given antihelminthic drug (500 mg mebendazole as a single dose). Secondly, those who had hemoglobin concentration < 120 g/L using Cell Dyn from venous blood one week after deworming (n+133) were enrolled into the study.The 133 subjects were assigned randomly to one of the three groups for daily iron-zinc supplementation for 12 weeks with: Group 1 (n=45): iron (60 mg/day), Group 2 (n=45): iron and zinc (30 mg and 15 mg/day) or group 3 (n=43): iron and zinc (60 mg and 15 mg/day).Supplement intake was supervised at base line, weight and height were measured and the available iron and zinc intake from diet was estimated using a model modified from WHO/FAO and Murphy, based on the data 24-hour Food Recall and Food Frequency Questionnare. Iron (hemoglobin/Hb, serum ferritin/SF, serum transferrin receptor/TfR, zinc protoporphyrin/ZPP, Mean Corpuscular Volume/MCV, Red-cell Distribution Width/RDW, body iron/BI) and zinc (serum zinc/SZ) status and supplementation. Morbidity status of diarrhea and Acule Respiratory Infection (ARI) were recorded weekly. The phagocytes cell and Cell-Mediated Immunity were measured only for 50% of the subjects.Results and DiscussionBy the end of the supplementation, most indicators of iron status were increased significantly in all subjects both they took iron supplementation with or without zinc, and the proportion of iron deficiency anemia reduced. Iron supplementation alone or iron-zinc improved zinc status. The proportion of zinc deficiency was sinificantly reduced only among subjects who took iron-zinc supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn =2: 1. which was significantly lower compared to the other two groups at the end of supplementation. In iron/zinc 2 : 1 group, no subject had iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency after 12 weeks of supplementation, which suggested that iron-zinc supplementation with the ration of Fe: Zn = 2 : 1 had reduced both iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency.In this study, iron deficiency among anemic school girls was due to insufficiency of iron in red blood cell, and iron or iron-zinc supplementation for 12 weeks had less benefit to increase iron status. The possibility; of hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia trait affecting adolescent girls in this study should be considered as several studies indicated that the prevalence of tlinlassemia trait among the same population in Indonesia is high.Iron deficiency also occurred at the storage level, which increased and reached the normal value with iron or iron-zinc supplementation. At the end of supplementation, the mean value of most indicators of iron status in all groups did not reach the normal value (such as Hb < 120 g/L, ZPP > 40 umol/mol heme, MCV <2 80 fL, RDW > l4%), perhaps the 12-weeks of iron supplementation was not long enough to fulfill iron for the 120 erythrocyte life cycle.lt seems, that the competition between iron and zinc occurred both at the storage level and the erythrocyte formation, and iron-zinc supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1 had minimal interaction as the improvement of both iron and zinc status was higher compared to the other groups. Most anemic adolescent school girls in this study had low available iron and zinc intake from the diet, with low intake of enhancers and high intake of inhibitors, which is not enough to promote either iron or zinc absorption from the supplements.The reduction of the proportion ol' subjects suffering from ARI was the highest among subjects who took either iron alone (3l.1% to 6.7%) compared to those who took iron- zinc supplement with ratio 2: 1 (1 7.3% to l1.l%) or iron-zinc supplement with ratio 4: 1(16.3 % to l4%), indicating that iron alone reduced morbidity status in tenn of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). However, adding zinc to iron supplements with ratio 2: 1 scents to improve the specific immune response of anemic adolescent school girls, as shown that the ratio of CD-4/CD-S was slightly increased among subjects who took iron-zinc supplement with the ratio of Fe: Zn= 2: 1.Conclusions and Recommendationslt was concluded, that both iron deficiency anemia (22%) and zinc deficiency (15.8%) were problems in the study area. Iron deficiency and hemoglobinopathies such as that assemia trait might be the causes of anemia among adolescent school girls. A daily 30 mg iron and 15 mg zinc supplementation among anemic adolescent schools girls for 12 weeks improved iron and zinc status and reduced iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency. Iron supplementation alone increased iron status, while adding zinc to iron supplementation protected the adverse effect of iron on decreasing zinc status.The competition between iron and zinc might occur in the role of both nutrients for erythrocytes formation as well-as at storage level, and supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1 had minimal interaction on improving bot.h iron and zinc status. As most of the anemic adolescent school girls had inadequate iron and zinc intake from the diet, the deficiencies of other micronutrients such as; vitamin A, folic acid and vitamin B12 should also be considered as the causes of anemia.Combined iron-zinc supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1 was appropriate on reducing the risk of anemic adolescent school girls suffering from Acute Respiratory Infection, however the mechanism of both iron and zinc on enhancing immune system could not clearly be shown from the results of this study.It is recommended to establish an iron-zinc supplementation program with ratio of 2: 1 through the existing channel of school health program to alleviate iron de iciency anemia and zinc deficiency 'among adolescent girls. Research cum action prioritized is to explain the contribution of bioavailability iron and zinc intake from the diet including increase the enhancers and minimize the inhibitors to the absorption of iron-zinc supplementation with ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1. The possibility of hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia trait, as the cause of anemia needs further investigations."

"Anemia is the main micronutrient deficiency problem among adolescent school girls in Indonesia. Anemia due to iron deficiency often coexists with zine deficiency. Iron and zinc have anlagonistic interaction. Therefore, it was appropriate ratio of iron-zinc supplementation. Objective The study was aimed to investigate the different ratios of iron-zinc supplementation Fe: Zn = 2: 1 and Fe: Zn = 4: 1 on improving the iron and zinc status and eventually reduction of the morbidity of anemic adolescent school girls compared to iron supplementation alone. Methodology randomized, double blind community trial was conducted among anemic adolescent school girls (10-12 years old). Selection of subjects was conduted in two steps. Firstly, 238 girls (out of 1358 girls), with hemoglobin concentration level < 115 g/L using Hemocue were recruited and given antihelminthic drug (500 mg mebendazole as a single dose). Secondly, those who had hemoglobin concentration < 120 g/L using Cell Dyn from venous blood one week after deworming (n+133) were enrolled into the study. The 133 subjects were assigned randomly to one of the three groups for daily iron-zinc supplementation for 12 weeks with: Group 1 (n=45): iron (60 mg/day), Group 2 (n=45): iron and zinc (30 mg and 15 mg/day) or group 3 (n=43): iron and zinc (60 mg and 15 mg/day).Supplement intake was supervised at base line, weight and height were measured and the available iron and zinc intake from diet was estimated using a model modified from WHO/FAO and Murphy, based on the data 24-hour Food Recall and Food Frequency Questionnare. Iron (hemoglobin/Hb, serum ferritin/SF, serum transferrin receptor/TfR, zinc protoporphyrin/ZPP, Mean Corpuscular Volume/MCV, Red-cell Distribution Width/RDW, body iron/BI) and zinc (serum zinc/SZ) status and supplementation. Morbidity status of diarrhea and Acule Respiratory Infection (ARI) were recorded weekly. The phagocytes cell and Cell-Mediated Immunity were measured only for 50% of the subjects. Results and Discussion By the end of the supplementation, most indicators of iron status were increased significantly in all subjects both they took iron supplementation with or without zinc, and the proportion of iron deficiency anemia reduced. Iron supplementation alone or iron-zinc improved zinc status. The proportion of zinc deficiency was sinificantly reduced only among subjects who took iron-zinc supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn =2: 1. which was significantly lower compared to the other two groups at the end of supplementation. In iron/zinc 2 : 1 group, no subject had iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency after 12 weeks of supplementation, which suggested that iron-zinc supplementation with the ration of Fe: Zn = 2 : 1 had reduced both iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency. In this study, iron deficiency among anemic school girls was due to insufficiency of iron in red blood cell, and iron or iron-zinc supplementation for 12 weeks had less benefit to increase iron status. The possibility; of hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia trait affecting adolescent girls in this study should be considered as several studies indicated that the prevalence of tlinlassemia trait among the same population in Indonesia is high. Iron deficiency also occurred at the storage level, which increased and reached the normal value with iron or iron-zinc supplementation. At the end of supplementation, the mean value of most indicators of iron status in all groups did not reach the normal value (such as Hb < 120 g/L, ZPP > 40 umol/mol heme, MCV <2 80 fL, RDW > l4%), perhaps the 12-weeks of iron supplementation was not long enough to fulfill iron for the 120 erythrocyte life cycle. lt seems, that the competition between iron and zinc occurred both at the storage level and the erythrocyte formation, and iron-zinc supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1 had minimal interaction as the improvement of both iron and zinc status was higher compared to the other groups. Most anemic adolescent school girls in this study had low available iron and zinc intake from the diet, with low intake of enhancers and high intake of inhibitors, which is not enough to promote either iron or zinc absorption from the supplements. The reduction of the proportion ol' subjects suffering from ARI was the highest among subjects who took either iron alone (3l.1% to 6.7%) compared to those who took iron- zinc supplement with ratio 2: 1 (1 7.3% to l1.l%) or iron-zinc supplement with ratio 4: 1(16.3 % to l4%), indicating that iron alone reduced morbidity status in tenn of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). However, adding zinc to iron supplements with ratio 2: 1 scents to improve the specific immune response of anemic adolescent school girls, as shown that the ratio of CD-4/CD-S was slightly increased among subjects who took iron- zinc supplement with the ratio of Fe: Zn= 2: 1 Conclusions and Recommendations lt was concluded, that both iron deficiency anemia (22%) and zinc deficiency (15.8%) were problems in the study area. Iron deficiency and hemoglobinopathies such as that assemia trait might be the causes of anemia among adolescent school girls. A daily 30 mg iron and 15 mg zinc supplementation among anemic adolescent schools girls for 12 weeks improved iron and zinc status and reduced iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency. Iron supplementation alone increased iron status, while adding zinc to iron supplementation protected the adverse effect of iron on decreasing zinc status. The competition between iron and zinc might occur in the role of both nutrients for erythrocytes formation as well-as at storage level, and supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1 had minimal interaction on improving bot.h iron and zinc status. As most of the anemic adolescent school girls had inadequate iron and zinc intake from the diet, the deficiencies of other micronutrients such as; vitamin A, folic acid and vitamin B12 should also be considered as the causes of anemia. Combined iron-zinc supplementation with the ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1 was appropriate on reducing the risk of anemic adolescent school girls suffering from Acute Respiratory Infection, however the mechanism of both iron and zinc on enhancing immune system could not clearly be shown from the results of this study. It is recommended to establish an iron-zinc supplementation program with ratio of 2: 1 through the existing channel of school health program to alleviate iron de iciency anemia and zinc deficiency 'among adolescent girls. Research cum action prioritized is to explain the contribution of bioavailability iron and zinc intake from the diet including increase the enhancers and minimize the inhibitors to the absorption of iron-zinc supplementation with ratio of Fe: Zn = 2: 1. The possibility of hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia trait, as the cause of anemia needs further investigations."

"ABSTRACTThe overall objectives of this study were to determine and compare the efficacy of daily vs weekly supplementation with iron, vitamin A, and zinc in children. Furthermore, the impact of supplementation on disease incidence (Diarrhea, Acute Respiratory Infection) and growth performance was investigated Subjects was children aged 6-24 months from rural households in Chi Lang Bac commune of Thanh Mien district, Hai Duong province, Vietnam.The research was designed as a randomized double-blind placebo-control trial. A total of 168 children were divided into 3 groups: daily, weekly, and placebo treatment lasted 12 weeks. Data on biochemical were collected at start and the end of supplementation. Data on growth were collected at start, end, and 3 months after the supplementation ended Supplements contained 333 lug retinol (1100 IU), 8 mg el. iron, 5 mg el. zinc for the daily dose (DD); 1700 pg retinol (5600 IU), 20 mg el. iron, 17.4 mg el. Zinc for the weekly dose (WLD); and the last group was the placebo (PL).After 12-week supplementation, increase for Hb, retinol, and zinc concentrations in the supplemented DD and WLD were similar (P>0.05) and significant higher (P<0.01) from those in the PL. The improvement of all anthropometric indices were similar between supplemented DD, and WLD with PL at the end, and at 3 months after the supplementation (P>0.05). In stunted children at baseline, changes for HAZ in the supplemented DD and WLD were similar (P>0.05) and significant higher (P<0.05) from those in the PL at 3 months after the supplementation. Incidence of Diarrhea and ARI in supplemented DD and WLD groups were similar (P> 0.05) and significant lower (P<0.01) compared with those in the PL at the end of 12-week supplementation.The WLD multi-nutrient supplementation for 12 weeks can be a possible preventive strategy to improve the iron, vitamin A, and zinc status of children aged 6-24 months."

"ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai adanya perubahan kadar mikronutrien besi folat zinc dan selenium pada wanita hamil setelah pemberian multivitamin dan multimineral Metode Wanita hamil trimester 1 yang melakukan antenatal care di poliklinik Fetomaternal Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Juli hingga Oktober 2011 masuk sebagai subjek penelitian Intervensi dilakukan dengan memberikan multivitamin dan mineral yang dikonsumsi 1 tablet perhari selama 3 bulan Pengukuran kadar besi folat zinc dan selenium serum sebelum dan sesudah pemberian multivitamin dan multimineral menjadi keluaran penelitian Analisis statistik menggunakan uji T berpasangan dan uji Wilcoxon Hasil Sebanyak 28 wanita hamil trimester 1 yang bersedia ikut dalam penelitian dan menjalani pemeriksaan kadar mikronutrien sebelum dan sesudah pemberian multivitamin dalam periode penelitian Sebelum pemberian multivitamin kadar besi dan zinc di bawah normal kadar selenium dalam batas normal dan kadar folat di atas normal Pasca suplementasi multivitamin dan multimineral kadar zinc di bawah normal kadar besi dan selenium dalam batas normal dan kadar folat di atas normal Didapat penurunan kadar zinc dan peningkatan kadar folat pasca suplementasi yang bermakna secara statistik p 0 009 p 0 003 Didapat penurunan kadar besi dan peningkatan kadar selenium yang tidak bermakna secara statistik p 0 295 p 0 333 Kesimpulan Terdapat penurunan kadar zinc dan peningkatan kadar folat pasca suplementasi multivitamin dan multimineral Kata Kunci Mikronutrien suplementasi multivitamin dan multimineral

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ABSTRACTAbstract Objective To measure changes of serum iron folate zinc and selenium level on pregnant woman after multi micronutrient supplementationMethod First trimester pregnant woman whom attended Maternal Fetal Policlinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July 2011 till October 2011 was considered into the study The intervention was consumption of multi micronutrient tablet once a day for three months period Measurements of serum level of iron folate zinc and selenium before and after supplementation were our outcomes We used paired T Test and Wilcoxon test for statistical analysis Results We had a total of 28 pregnant women of first trimester whom participated in the study and had measurement of micronutrient serum level before and after supplementation during the time period Before supplementation Serum iron and zinc level were below normal Serum selenium level was normal with higher than normal serum folate level After supplementation serum zinc level was found to be below normal Both level of serum iron and selenium increased to normal Serum folate level was higher than normal We found a decrease of serum zinc level with an increase in serum folate level that was statistically significant p 0 009 p 0 003 respectively We found slight decrease of serum iron level and an increase of serum selenium level that were not statistically significant p 0 295 p 0 333 Conclusion There is a decreased level of serum zinc with an increase in serum folate level after multi micronutrient supplementationKeywords Multi micronutrient supplementation"

"ABSTRAKRuang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Data statistik menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir, jumlah manula di Indonesia meningkat dari 6,9 juta pada tahun 1980 menjadi 11.5 juta pada tahun 1990. Pada manula, berkurangnya gigi-geligi dan atrofi tunas pengecap dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya masukan energi dan zat gizi lainnya, termasuk seng. Defisiensi seng dapat menyebabkan gangguan ketajaman pengecap. Telah diketahui bahwa seng terdapat dalam berbagai bahan makanan. Seng dari bahan makanan asal nabati sukar diserap karena adanya asam fitat dan serat yang membentuk senyawa tidak larut dengan seng. Sebaliknya, bahan makanan asal hewani sebagai sumber seng, relatif lebih mahal. Oleh karena itu, suplementasi seng dipertimbangkan sebagai cara lain untuk meningkatkan masukan seng. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menilai pengaruh suplementasi seng terhadap perbaikan gangguan ketajaman pengecap manula yang mengalami defisiensi seng. Seng dalam bentuk kapsul seng sulfat a 220 mg diberikan per oral setiap hari selama 4 minggu. Penelitian dilakukan secara acak sederhana tersamar ganda terhadap 60 manula. Manula dibagi dalam 2 kelompok, masing-masing 30 orang. Kelompok kontrol diberi kapsul plasebo dan kelompok perlakuan diberi kapsul seng sulfat buatan PT Kimia Farma. Data 10 manula kelompok perlakuan dikeluarkan karena diketahui meminum kapsul tidak sesuai ketentuan.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Nilai rata-rata (X) kadar seng plasma kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebelum dilakukan suplementasi adalah berturut-turut 75,0 ± 9,33 μg/dL dan 78,3 ± 8,23 , μg/dL. Hasil uji Anova dan Perbandingan Multipel menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok kontrol, kadar seng plasma sebelum dan sesudah diberi plasebo tidak berbeda bermakna walaupun intervensi dilakukan 7 - 8 bulan kemudian. Sesudah suplementasi ternyata kadar seng plasma kelompok perlakuan (113,5 ± 20,19 μg/dL) meningkat secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (83,23 ± 10,37 μg/dL). Hasil tes kecap Smith menunjukkan bahwa 5 (16,7%) manula kelompok kontrol dan 9 (45%) manula kelompok perlakuan mengalami perbaikan ketajaman pengecap. Uji Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan tersebut berbeda bermakna (p < 0,05). Kesimpulannya ialah suplementasi seng mampu memperbaiki ketajaman pengecap manula.

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ABSTRACT

Scope and Method of Study: The statistical data showed that within the last 10 years, the number of the elderly in Indonesia increased from 6.9 millions in 1980 to 11.5 millions in. 1990. In the elderly, the missing of the teeth and the atrophy of the taste buds may cause inadequate intake of the energy and other nutrients, including zinc. Zinc deficiency has been associated with depressed taste acuity. Zinc is found in many foodstuffs. The absorption of zinc from plant products is difficult due to the presence of phytic acids and fibers which form an insoluble complex with zinc. In contrast, animal proteins as the source of zinc are relatively more expensive. Thus, the supplementation of zinc is considered as an alter-native way to increase the zinc intake. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on the improvement of the taste acuity of the elderly. The zinc supplement was given orally once a day for 4 weeks in the form of capsule containing 220 mg zinc sulfate. A double-blind study was designed on 60 zinc deficient subjects who showed depressed taste acuity. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, each consisted of 30. The placebo and zinc sulfate capsules prepared by PT Kimia Farma were given to the control and treatment groups, respectively. Due to the history of not taking the capsule regularly as it was required, data of 10 subjects of the treatment group were excluded from statistical analysis.

Findings and Conclusions: The mean plasma zinc concentration of the control and treatment groups before the supplementation period were 75.0 ± 9.33 μg/dL and 78.3 ± 8.23μg/dL, respectively. Statistical analysis using Anova and Multiple comparison showed no significant change in the plasma zinc level of the control group be-fore and after supplementation of placebo, although the intervention was conducted 7 - 8 months thereafter. After 4 weeks, the plasma zinc level of the treatment group (113.5 ± 20.19 μg/dL) were significantly higher than those of the control group (83.23 1-10.37 μg/dL). The Smiths's test showed the improvement of the taste acuity on 5 (16.7%) subjects of the control group and 9 (45%) of the treatment group. Chi-Square's test showed that the improvement was significant (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the effect of zinc supplementation on the improvement of the taste acuity of the aged was significant."

"Tujuan: Mendeteksi perubahan kerusakan saraf optik pada penderita TB paru yang diterapi dengan Etambutol setelah diberikan suplementasi ion Zinc peroral.Desain: Uji klinik eksperimental secara acak dan tersamar ganda.Metode: duapuluh dua penderita tuberkulosis paru dengan anti tuberkulosis mendapatkan suplementasi 20 mg ion Zinc (kelompok perlakuan) begitupula duapuluh dua penderita tuberkulosis pare mendapatkan anti tuberkulosis dan plasebo (kelompok kontrol) satu kali sehari selama 4 minggu. Pemeriksaan P 100 [atensi VEP dilakukan pra dan paska suplementasi.Hasil: Pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada variabel usia, jenis kelamin dan VEP awal. Sehingga kedua kelompok setara untuk dibandingkan. Sebesar 18 penderita (81,8%) pads kelompok kontrol dan hanya sebesar 5 penderita (22,7%) pada kelompok perlakuan mengalami perubahan nilai P 100 latensi abnormal (p< 0.05). Rerata perubahan nilai P 100 latensi abnormal pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 4A5 + 1.18 msec dan pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 5.21 + 1.49 msec (p< 0.05).Kesimpulan: VEP dapat mendeteksi neuropati optik subklinis sehingga dapat dipakai sebagai alat ukur memonitor efek toksik dari anti tuberkulosis. Suplementasi Ion Zinc mampu berperan sebagai neuroproteksi terhadap efek toksik Etambutol.

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Treated with Etambutol and ion Zinc supplementation orally.

Design: Randomized, double blind experimental clinical trial.

Methods: Twenty two tuberculosis pulmonary patients treated with anti tuberculosis and 20 mg ion Zinc (subject group) while other twenty two patients were treated with anti tuberculosis and placebo (control group) once daily for 4 weeks. P 100 latency examination was done before and after the treatment.

Result: There were no significant difference on both groups in age,gender, and early VEP examination. Both groups can be compare statistically. Eighteen patients (81.8%) of the control group and only 5 patients (22.7%) of the subject group resulted abnormal changes on P 100 latency ( p< 0.05). In the subject group, the abnormal mean of P 100 latency was 4.15 + 118 msec and in the control group was 5.21 + 1.49 msec ( p<0.05).

Conclusion: VEP could be use to detect subclinic optic neuropathy in monitoring anti tuberculosis toxic effect. Ion Zinc supplementation could be use as neuroprotector to the Ethambutol toxic effect."

"ABSTRAKResistensi insulin adalah kondisi yang mendasari terjadinya diabetes melitus. Prevalensi diabetes melitus kian meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, termasuk di Indonesia. Proporsi penderita diabetes melitus ditemukan lebih tinggi pada perempuan. Perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi selama kehamilan merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya resistensi insulin dan resistensi insulin ini dapat bertahan hingga masa postpartum. Laktasi serta nutrien salah satunya seng, dapat memengaruhi resistensi insulin. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini bertujuan menilai kadar seng serum dan korelasinya dengan resistensi insulin pada ibu laktasi di Jakarta. Pengambilan subjek dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing, Jakarta Utara dan Grogol Petamburan, Jakarta Barat pada bulan Februari-April 2019. Sebanyak 75 orang ibu laktasi pada 3-6 bulan postpartum yang berusia 20-40 tahun direkrut menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Sekitar 76% (n=57) subjek memiliki kadar seng rendah dengan rerata sebesar 62,33±11,89 µg/dL. Resistensi insulin dinilai dengan menggunakan HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance). Median HOMA-IR adalah 0,54 (0,22-2,21). Sebanyak 13,3% (n=10) subjek diprediksi mengalami resistensi insulin. Dilakukan uji korelasi antara kadar seng serum dengan HOMA-IR. Tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan HOMA-IR (r=0,003, p=0,977)."