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"Erupsi Gunung Merapi pada tahun 2010 telah mengakibatkan jatuhnya korban jiwa baik meninggal, luka-luka maupun pengungsi serta kerusakan infrastruktur di wilayah Provinsi DI Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah. Penanganan pada masa tanggap darurat bidang kesehatan melibatkan berbagai pihak dari tingkat pusat dan daerah. Tesis ini membahas mengenai koordinasi pada bidang kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan dan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DIY pada masa tanggap darurat. Desain studi menggunakan metode kualitatif eksploratif dengan melakukan telaah dokumen dan wawancara mendalam kepada pihak yang terlibat langsung dalam peristiwa tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi pemerintah, khususnya di bidang kesehatan dalam melakukan koordinasi pada masa tanggap darurat akibat bencana dengan memperjelas alur tugas, pendelegasian wewenang, alur informasi yang penting dalam pengambilan sebuah keputusan yang cepat dan tepat sesuai kebutuhan terhadap penanganan permasalahan akibat bencana.

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Eruption in 2010 has resulted in loos of life like dead, injured and displaced person as well as damaged to infrastructure in both DI Yogyakarta and Jawa Tengah Provinces. Respons in health sector has involved multi parties from central and local levels. This thesis described the coordination of the sector conducted by Ministry of Health and Provincial Health Office DI Yogyakarta on emergency respons due to Mount Merapi Eruption 2010. Study design using qualitative methods with document review and in-depth interviews to official person who directly involved in disaster mentioned.

The results obtained to evaluate government action, particularly in the area of health in coordinating emergency respons during disaster, to clarify the task flow, delegation of authority and the flow of information are important in making a rapid dan approriate decision as needed for handling the health problems caused by disaster."

"Mount Merapi in Central Java is one of the world’s most studied volcanoes. The frequent eruptions of this volcano and the densely populated areas on its slopes make Merapi particularly important to scholars of the natural and social sciences. Considerable attention has been devoted to contemporary aspects of this volcano, including research into forecasting and monitoring possible volcanic activity and eruptions. However, research investigating artistic representations of Merapi in a historical context, particularly local artworks referring to how people responded to a natural hazard such as a volcanic eruption, is still rare. In this paper, I explore how artists in the period 1800-1930 have portrayed the volcanic activities in their drawings and paintings. Various historical data, including newspapers, reports, and records of volcanic eruptions, will be used to help interpret the accuracy of the paintings which depict Merapi at different moments in time. I argue that artists in the period under investigation were acutely aware of Merapi’s volcanic activities and depicted these in their drawings and paintings, because of the influence of science, which invokes interest in Merapi, landscape art, and a sense of humanitarianism. Their artworks are dynamic visual historical reflections of Merapi which testify to the power and beauty of nature."

". Wardani S, Sugiyarto. 2009. Characterization of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) at salak pondoh agroecosystem inMount Merapi based on isozymic banding patterns. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 38-42. The aim of this research is to know thecharacteristics of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) based on isozyme banding patterns. This research was conducted at Sleman,Yogyakarta, and Magelang-Central Java for the morphological purposes. The sample was taken from 5 places with different height inwich 5 samples were taken from each location. The method used in this research was polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) usingthe vertical type. The enzyme system used in this research were peroxidase and esterase to detect the isozyme banding patterns. Theresults showed that there was a variation in isozyme banding patterns of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) at salak pondohagroecosystem in Mount Merapi?s slope (peroxidase in station II and IV while esterase in station III and V). It?s mean that genetic variationon white grubs population at salak pondoh agroecosystem in Mount Merapi?s slope was found. The environmental condition alsocontributed to the influence of the appear of isozyme banding pattern?s variation because each location had a different condition. "

"Kelompok Actinobacteria berfilamen merupakan bakteri Gram positif yang beberapa anggotanya diketahui memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi selulosa dengan menghasilkan selulase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan tumbuh isolat Actinobacteria-like GL1-2, GL1-9, dan GL1-12 pada variasi media agar (ISP 1, ISP 2, ISP 3, dan modified Bennett’s) dan suhu (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, dan 55°C), serta mengetahui kemampuan selulolitiknya pada substrat 1% CMC di berbagai suhu (30, 35, 40, 45, 50, dan 55°C). Kemampuan selulolitik diuji dengan menginokulasi biakan pada medium agar minimal (Mm) dengan penambahan 1% CMC, kemudian diinkubasi pada berbagai suhu selama 3, 7, dan 14 hari. Kemampuan selulolitik diamati dengan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar koloni setelah ditetesi 0,1% Congo red dan dibilas dengan larutan NaCl 1 M. Isolat GL1-2 dan GL1-9 menunjukkan pertumbuhan miselium substrat dalam jumlah banyak pada semua medium yang diuji, namun sporulasi penuh hanya teramati pada medium ISP 1 agar dan MBA. Isolat GL1-12 menunjukkan pertumbuhan miselium substrat yang baik kecuali pada medium ISP 2 agar, namun sporulasi hanya teramati pada medium ISP 3 agar. Suhu pertumbuhan isolat GL1-2 dan GL1-9 berkisar antara 30--55°C, sedangkan GL1-12 berkisar antara 35--55°C. Hasil uji kemampuan selulolitik menunjukkan bahwa isolat GL1-2 dan GL1- 9 memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi 1% CMC pada suhu 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, dan 55°C. Isolat GL1-12 memiliki kemampuan selulolitik pada suhu 40, 45, 50, dan 55°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat Actinobacteria-like dari serasah di kawasan sumber air panas gunung Galunggung memiliki potensi menghasilkan enzim selulase di berbagai suhu yang diuji.

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Members of Gram-positive filamentous Actinobacteria are some recognized for their ability to degrade cellulose by producing cellulase. This study aimed to determine the growth ability of three Actinobacteria-like isolates (designated isolates GL1-2, GL1- 9, and GL1-12) obtained from litter samples of mount Galunggung hot spring, Tasikmalaya, West Java, on various agar media (ISP 1, ISP 2, ISP 3, and modified Bennett’s) and temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55°C), along with their cellulolytic ability on 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as substrate. Cellulolytic ability was tested by inoculating the cultures on minimal (Mm) agar plates with the addition of 1% CMC, and incubated at various temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55°C) for 3, 7, and 14-days. Cellulolytic ability was observed as formation of clear zone surrounding the colonies after being flooded with 0.1% Congo red and rinsed with 1 M NaCl solution. The results showed that isolates GL1-2 and GL1-9 have abundant substrate mycelia formation on all media tested, while optimal sporulation was only observed on ISP 1 agar and MBA. Isolate GL1-12 showed good growth of substrate mycelia except on ISP 2 agar, however sporulation was poorly observed only on ISP 3 agar. Growth temperatures of isolates GL1-2 and GL1-9 were ranging from 30 to 55°C, while GL1- 12 was ranging from 35 to 55°C. Isolates GL1-2 and GL1-9 have the ability to degrade 1% CMC at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55°C. Isolate GL1-12 has celulolytic ability at temperatures of 40, 45, 50, and 55°C. This study revealed that Actinobacteria-like isolates obtained from litter samples of mount Galunggung hot spring, Tasikmalaya are potential cellulase-producers on various tested temperatures."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu kecamatan yang rentan akan terjadinya bencana gas beracun adalah Kecamatan Batur, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Untuk itu masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawah harus selalu siap siaga supaya kejadian bencana nasional gas beracun yang pernah menewaskan 149 warga pada 20 Februari 1979 tidak terulang lagi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model kerentanan wilayah terhadap bencana gas beracun CO2 kawah Timbang di Kecamatan Batur dengan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh kepala keluarga yang berada di Kecamatan Batur, Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang berjumlah 37 kepala keluarga. Untuk mengambil sampel digunakan metode Simple Random Sampling. Teknik analisis data melalui pembobotan dari ketiga aspek yaitu keterpaparan, sensitivitas, dan kapasitas adaptif. pada setiap aspek miliki parameter yang diberi pembobotan dengan menggunakan masukan dari para ahli melalui metode AHP. Kerentanan wilayah terhadap bencana gas beracun CO2 ini diklasifikasi menjadi tiga tingkatan kerentanan wilayah yaitu, rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Tingkat kerentanan di Kecamatan batur hanya dibagi menjadi dua kelas yaitu untuk kelas kerentanan sedang terdapat di 6 desa yaitu Desa Pekasiran, Pesurenan, Sumberejo, Karang Tengah, Bakal, dan Dieng Kulon, untuk kelas tinggi tinggi terdapat di 2 desa yaitu Desa Batur, dan Kepakisan. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan tingkat keterpaparan dan sensitivitas jauh lebih tinggi dari pada tingkat kapasitas adaptif masyarakatnya.

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ABSTRACTOne of the sub districts that are vulnerable to toxic gas disasters is Batur Sub district, Banjarnegara District.For that people living in the vicinity of the crater should always be ready for the national disaster of toxic gas that had killed 149 people on February 20, 1979 did not happen again.The purpose of this research is to make the model of vulnerability of area to toxic gas disasters of CO2 Timbang crater in Batur Sub District by using Analytical Hierarchy Process.The population in this study is the entire head of the family located in Batur Sub District, Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province, amounting to 37 heads of household.To take the sample used Simple Random Sampling method. Data analysis techniques through weighting of the three aspects are exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.In each aspect the parameters are weighted using input from the experts by the AHP method.The vulnerability of the area to the toxic gas catastrophic CO2 is classified into three levels of vulnerability are, low, medium, and high.Based on the research result, the vulnerability level in Batur sub district is only divided into two classes, namely for the vulnerability class being found in 6 villages are, Pekasiran Village, Pesurenan, Sumberejo, Karang Tengah, Bakal, and Dieng Kulon. For the high grade, there are 2 villages Batur, Kepakisan. This happens because the level of exposure and sensitivity is much higher than the adaptive capacity of the community."

"Gunung Endut merupakan salah satu lapangan di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi panas bumi. Hal ini diketahui dari adanya manifestasi panas bumi berupa mata air panas Cikawah (AP-CKW) dan mata air panas Handeleum (AP-HDL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah model konseptual terintegrasi data remote sensing, geologi, geokimia, dan geofisika. Hal ini penting dilakukan untuk mempelajari sistem panas bumi Gunung Endut secara mendetail dan diharapkan dapat menjadi guide dalam melakukan eksplorasi yang lebih detail. Data remote sensing berupa DEMNAS dan LANDSAT8 diolah menjadi peta Fault Fracture Density (FFD) dan menunjukkan adanya zona permeabilitas rendah pada area sekitar AP-CKW, AP-HDL, dan puncak Gunung Endut. Hal ini didukung pula oleh penelitian sebelumnya dengan studi alterasi permukaan dan pemetaan anomali Hg tinggi. Data gravitasi GGMplus juga menunjukkan adanya struktur berupa patahan pada area yang diduga memiliki tingkat permeabilitas tinggi. Interpretasi data hidrogeokimia menunjukkan AP-CKW dan AP-HDL berada pada zona outflow. Hasil geotermometer Na-K dan Na-K-Mg menunjukkan temperatur reservoir berkisar 150 – 160 ℃. Pemodelan forward 2-D gravitasi dan inversi 3-D magnetotellurik menunjukkan adanya pola persebaran clay cap pada kedalaman 300 – 1000 mdpl dengan ketebalan bervariasi 500 – 700 m. Pada data magnetotellurik menunjukkan adanya pola penebalan clay cap yang masih menerus ke arah puncak Gunung Endut. Model konseptual terintegrasi menunjukkan pusat reservoir diduga berada pada area puncak Gunung Endut.

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Mount Endut is one of the fields in Indonesia that has geothermal potential. This is known from the presence of geothermal manifestations in the form of Cikawah hot springs (AP-CKW) and Handeleum hot springs (AP-HDL). This study aims to build an integrated conceptual model with remote sensing, geology, geochemistry, and geophysics. This is important to analyze the Mount Endut geothermal system in detail and it is hoped that it will become a guide in conducting more detailed exploration. Remote sensing data, which is DEMNAS and LANDSAT8 data, processed to Fault Fracture Density (FFD) map and shows a high permeability zone in the area around AP-CKW, AP-HDL, and the summit of Mount Endut. This is also supported by previous research with surface alteration studies and high Hg anomaly mapping. GGMplus gravity data also shows a structure in the form of a fault in an area that is thought to have a high permeability. Hydrogeochemical data interpretation showed that AP-CKW and AP-HDL were in the outflow zone. The results of the Na-K and Na-K-Mg geothermometer shows that the reservoir temperature ranges from 150 – 160 ℃. 2-D gravity forward modeling and 3-D magnetotelluric inverse modeling show a clay cap distribution at a depth of 300 - 1000 masl with a thickness varying from 500 - 700 m. The magnetotelluric data shows a pattern of thickening of the clay cap which is continuing towards the summit of Mount Endut. The integrated conceptual model shows that the reservoir center is thought to be at the peak area of Mount Endut."