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"Cekungan Banggai merupakan salah satu cekungan yang memiliki potensi hidrokarbon dan terletak di Sulawesi Tengah. Formasi Lower Kintom B yang terendapkan pada masa Pliosen Awal diinterpretasikan dapat menjadi reservoir hidrokarbon di Cekungan Banggai. Formasi ini terbentuk saat terjadinya kolisi antara Banggai-Sula dengan sabuk ofiolit Sulawesi Timur sehingga membentuk endapan molasse. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi sifat-sifat petrofisika batuan yang terdapat di Cekungan Banggai berdasarkan data log sumur yang terdapat pada sumur VR-3, VR-14, dan VR-15. Sifat-sifat petrofisika yang dihasilkan dari perhitungan ketiga log sumur, seperti nilai volume shale, porositas, dan saturasi air digunakan untuk penentuan kandidat reservoir yang juga didukung oleh data petrografi dan data mud log untuk mengetahui jenis litologi yang terdapat di zona reservoir. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, Formasi Lower Kintom B didominasi batulempung yang berasosiasi dengan batupasir dan batugamping di bagian atasnya. Batugamping tersebut diperkirakan sebagai zona reservoir Formasi Lower Kintom B, yaitu berupa batugamping mudstone hingga wackestone dan wackestone hingga packstone. Hasil perhitungan petrofisika pada zona reservoir Formasi Lower Kintom B didapatkan bahwa nilai volume shale berkisar antara 28-40%, nilai porositas efektif berkisar antara 14-36%, dan nilai saturasi air berkisar antara 29-40%.

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The Banggai Basin is one of the basins that has potential for hydrocarbons and is located in Central Sulawesi. The Lower Kintom B Formation which was deposited in the Early Pliocene is interpreted to be a reservoir of hydrocarbons in the Banggai Basin. This formation was formed during a collision between Banggai-Sula micro-continent and the ophiolite belt of East Sulawesi which formed molasses deposits. This research was conducted to evaluate the petrophysical properties of the rocks in the Banggai Basin on well log data in the VR-3, VR-14, and VR-15 wells. Petrophysical resulting from the calculation of the three well logs, such as shale volume, porosity, and water saturation values are used to determine reservoir candidates which are also supported by petrographic and mud log data to determine the type of lithology in the reservoir zone. Based on the result obtained, the Lower Kintom B Formation is dominated by claystone associated with sandstone and limestone at the top. The limestone is interpreted to be a reservoir zone for the Lower Kintom B Formation, namely mudstone towackestone and wackestone to packstone. The result of petrophysics calculations in the reservoir zone of the Lower Kintom B Formation found that shale volume values ranged from 28-40%, effective porosity values ranged from 14-36%, and water saturation values ranged from 29-40%."

"Daerah penelitian terletak di Formasi Tomori Blok “X” Cekungan Banggai yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Banggai, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Formasi Tomori terendapkan pada masa Miosen Awal hingga Miosen Tengah dan diinterpretasikan dapat menjadi reservoir hidrokarbon di Cekungan Banggai. Formasi ini disusun oleh dominan batugamping bioklastik, terbentuk saat terjadinya proses syn-rift ketika aktivitas tektonik relatif tenang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik reservoir dengan mengevaluasi sifat-sifat petrofisika batuan yang terdapat di Formasi Tomori, Cekungan Banggai berdasarkan data log sumur R3 dan R2ST. Sifat-sifat petrofisika yang dihasilkan dari perhitungan ketiga log sumur, seperti nilai volume shale, porositas, dan saturasi air digunakan untuk rekomendasi reservoir yang didukung oleh data petrografi, serta data mudlog guna mengetahui jenis litologi di zona reservoir. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, Formasi Tomori tersusun atas batugamping mudstone, batugamping wackestone, dan batugamping packstone yang di beberapa interval ditemukan sisipan batubara dan batulempung. Hasil perhitungan petrofisika pada zona reservoir Formasi Tomori didapatkan nilai volume shale berkisar 38%-40%, porositas efektif 7%-0%, dan saturasi air 23%-34%.

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The research area is located in the Tomori Formation Block "X" of the Banggai Basin in the Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The Tomori Formation was deposited during the Early Miocene to Middle Miocene and is interpreted to be a hydrocarbon reservoir in the Banggai Basin. This formation is composed of predominantly bioclastic limestones, formed during syn-rift processes when tectonic activity is relatively calm. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the reservoir by evaluating the petrophysical properties of the rocks in the Tomori Formation, Banggai Basin based on well log data R3 and R2ST. Petrophysical properties resulting from the calculation of the three well logs, such as shale volume, porosity, and water saturation values are used for reservoir recommendations supported by petrographic data, as well as mudlog data to determine the type of lithology in the reservoir zone. Based on the results obtained, the Tomori Formation is composed of mudstone limestone, wackestone limestone, and packstone limestone which at some intervals was found intercalated with coal and claystone. The results of petrophysics calculations in the reservoir zone of the Tomori Formation obtained shale volume values ranging from 38%-40%, effective porosity 7%-10%, and water saturation 23%-34%."

"Saat ini, sekitar 40% produksi hidrokarbon dunia berasal dari reservoir karbonat. Berbeda dengan reservoir silisiklastik, reservoir karbonat memiliki karakteristik dengan tingkat heterogenitas lebih tinggi. Rock typing adalah metode klasifikasi batuan reservoir berdasarkan karakteristik spesifiknya kedalam satuan berbeda. Tujuan dari identifikasi rock type ini adalah menyederhanakan karakterisasi yang disebabkan oleh heterogenitas batuan reservoir. Identifikasi rock type pada tugas akhir ini menggunakan metode FZI, Winland-R35, dan Lucia. Metode ini dapat digunakan pula untuk memprediksi nilai permeabilitas pada uncored interval. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah RCAL dan wireline log. Pengolahan data menggunakan perangkat lunak Interactive Petrophysics, dan Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi, rock type atau flow unit berdasarkan metode FZI dibagi menjadi enam flow unit, berdasarkan metode winland-R35 dibagi menjadi empat tipe pore throat dengan sembilan flow unit, dan berdasarkan identifikasi klasifikasi lucia, kelas petrofisika dibagi kedalam kelas dua dan kelas tiga. Pada interval rock type yang tidak memiliki data core diprediksi menggunakan artificial neural network. Input porositas pada prediksi permeabilitas terdiri dari porositas sonik dan total (terkoreksi serpih). Prediksi permeabilitas paling baik ditemukan menggunakan metode FZI, dengan input porositas total.

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Currently, about 40% of the world's hydrocarbon production comes from carbonate reservoirs. In contrast to siliciclastic reservoirs, carbonate reservoirs have characteristics with a higher degree of heterogeneity. Rock typing is a method of classification of reservoir rocks based on their specific characteristics into different units. The purpose of this rock type is to simplify the characterization caused by the heterogeneity of reservoir rocks. Rock type identification in this final project uses the FZI, Winland-R35, and Lucia methods. This method can also be used to predict permeability value at the uncored interval. The data used in this study were RCAL and wireline logs. Data processing using Interactive Petrophysics, and Microsoft Excel software. Based on the identification, rock type or flow unit from FZI method is divided into six, winland-R35 method flow unit is divided into four types of pore throat with nine flow units, and based on identification of lucia classification, the petrophysics class is divided into second and third class. Rock type of uncored interval is predicted using an artificial neural network. Porosity input in permeability prediction are using sonic and effective porosity (shale corrected). The best prediction of permeability was found using FZI method with effective porosity input"

"Lapangan "X" berlokasi di provinsi Sumatra, termasuk dalam Cekungan Sumatra Tengah, dan memiliki potensi hidrokarbon yang tersimpan dalam reservoir batupasir dari Formasi Menggala. Formasi ini, yang didominasi oleh litologi batupasir dan berasal dari Miosen Awal, berpeluang menjadi reservoir utama di lapangan tersebut. Untuk memahaminya lebih dalam, karakterisasi reservoir dilakukan guna mengidentifikasi sifat fisik batupasir dan parameter terkaitnya. Salah satu teknik yang dapat diterapkan adalah penggunaan multiatribut seismik. Studi ini memanfaatkan data seismik 3D - Post Stack Time Migration dengan empat sumur sebagai data kontrol. Metode inversi berbasis model berperan sebagai atribut eksternal dalam analisis multiatribut dan dilakukan interpretasi dengan nilai p-impedance sebesar ±22.000 hingga ±31.000 menunjukkan dengan nilai yang cukup rendah. Melalui analisis ini, sebaran sifat fisik seperti nilai porositas, densitas, dan P-wave dari Formasi Menggala dapat diidentifikasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa porositas efektif di Formasi Menggala berkisar antara 10% hingga 30%, densitas berkisar antara 2,3 g/cm³ hingga 2,4 g/cm³, dan nilai P-wave berkisar antara 9.700 ft/s hingga 13.791 ft/s. Berdasarkan sifat-sifat fisik batuan yang dianalisis melalui multiatribut, zona yang berpotensi mengandung hidrokarbon terletak di sekitar sumur AM-1 lapangan "X". Untuk memastikan zona tersebut sebagai prospek, diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut, yaitu analisis terhadap peta sayatan inversi, peta sayatan struktur waktu, peta sayatan porositas, peta sayatan densitas, dan peta sayatan p-wave.

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Field "X" is located in the province of Sumatra, within the Central Sumatra Basin, and holds hydrocarbon potential stored in sandstone reservoirs of the Menggala Formation. This formation, predominantly consisting of sandstone lithology and dating back to the Early Miocene, has the potential to be the primary reservoir in the field. To gain deeper insights, reservoir characterization is conducted to identify the physical properties of the sandstone and its related parameters. One technique that can be applied is the use of multi-attribute seismic analysis. This study utilizes 3D seismic data - Post Stack Time Migration with four wells as control data. The Model-based inversion methods serve as external attributes in the multi-attribute analysis and is interpreted with a p-impedance value of ±22.000 to ±31.000 indicating a fairly low value. Through this analysis, the distribution of physical properties such as porosity, density, and P-wave velocity of the Menggala Formation can be identified. The results show that the effective porosity in the Menggala Formation ranges from 10% to 30%, density ranges from 2.3 g/cm³ to 2.4 g/cm³, and P-wave velocity ranges from 9,700 ft/s to 13,791 ft/s. Based on the physical properties of the rock analyzed through multi-attribute analysis, a potential hydrocarbon zones are located around well AM-1 of field "X". To confirm these zones as prospects, further analysis is needed, namely analysis of inversion incision maps, time structure incision maps, porosity incision maps, density incision maps, and p-wave incision maps."

"Telah dilakukan studi inversi Simultan untuk karakterisasi reservoar batu pasir di formasi Lower Pematang. Parameter elastis yang dapat dihasilkan dari inversi Simultan diantaranya adalah impedansi P, impedansi S, dan Vp/Vs, Hasil uji sensitivitas pada data sumur menunjukkan bahwa Impedansi Akustik dan Vp/Vs dengan parameter utama Vcl, porositas dan saturasi air dapat memisahkan litologi dengan baik, akan tetapi tidak mampu memisahkan fluida karena separasi yang minim. Sehingga pada studi ini, mengacu pada parameter hasil uji sensitivitas, dilakukan inversi untuk memisahkan litologi dan pesebaran reservoir batupasir berdasarkan Impedansi Akustik AI dan Vp/Vs. Pasir yang berporositas tinggi memiliki nilai Vp/Vs lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan batupasir berporositas rendah. Pada reservoir target batu pasir berporos tinggi memiliki nilai Vp/Vs 1,4 ndash;1,8. Pada formasi Lower Pematang didapatkan nilai porositas berkisar diantara 10 sampai 18 . Nilai kuantitatif ini dapat dijadikan sebagai reservoar sand yang cukup baik yang tersebar juga di daerah sumur, sedangkan ke arah barat, nilai porositasnya semakin mengecil. Nilai porositas yang tinggi disekitar sumur didukung oleh nilai yang rendah untuk AI dan Vp/Vs.

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Simultaneous inversion studies were performed to characterize the sandstone reservoir in the Lower Pematang formation. The elastic parameters that can be produced from Simultaneous inversion include P impedance, S impedance, and Vp Vs, results of a sensitivity test on the well data shows that Acoustic Impedance and Vp Vs with the main parameters of VCL, porosity and water saturation can separate the lithological well, but not able to separate the fluid due to minimal separation. So in this study, referring to the parameters of the sensitivity test results, an inversion is conducted to separate the lithology and the spread of the sandstone reservoir based on the Acoustic Impedance AI and Vp Vs. High porous sand has a lower Vp Vs value compared to low porous sandstones. The high porous sandstone target reservoir has a value of Vp Vs 1.4 to 1.8. In the formation of Lower Pematang obtained porosity value ranges between 10 to 18 . This quantitative value can be used as a reservoir sand are quite well spread also in the area of the well, while to the west, the value of porosity has narrowed. High porosity values around the well are supported by low values for AI and Vp Vs."

"Simultaneous inversion is one of the seismic method which can be used to characterize reservoirs that may also serve as a rock source. In this research, the characterization of shale reservoir is done on the field TAF, in North Sumatra basin with Lower Baong formation as the target formation. A P impedance parameter on the simultaneous inversion method is used to identify the existence of fluids while S Impedance parameter is used to identify the lithology of the target zone. The analysis of the simultaneous inversion is done using partial angle stack method, that which consists of the near angle stack 1 19, the mid angle stack 19 36 and the far angle stack 36 53. The result of the analysis of the gas chromatography of the well data states that there are 2 layers of lithologies on the Baong Formation that which have the indications of hydrocarbon with each layer having the thickness of less than 5 meters. The result of the simultaneous inversion is obtained, with the value of P impedance ranging from 4000 8000 m s gr cc, the value of S impedance ranging from 1500 3000 m s gr cc and the value of density ranging from 2.2 2.5 g cc. These three values are assumed to correlate with the layer that is dominated by shale. The value of P impedance ranging from 8000 12000 m s gr cc, the value of S impedance ranging from 3000 5700 m s gr cc and the density value ranging from 2.5 2.75 g cc are also obtained that which are situated on the bottom of the Lower Baong formation near the top Belumai and are assumed to correlate with the other lithology that which is dominated by sandstone and carbonate. However, the result of the inversion of P Impedance and the Lambda Rho transformation, as well as the crossplot analysis of AI vs SI and the crossplot of LMR, has no indication of hydrocarbon fluids."

"Cekungan Sumatra Selatan adalah salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi besar dalam cadangan minyak bumi dan gas, terutama di Formasi Talang Akar. Untuk mengoptimalkan eksplorasi dan produksi di cekungan ini, dibutuhkan studi yang melibatkan bidang geologi untuk menemukan dan mengembangkan potensi baru. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada Formasi Talang Akar Bagian Bawah, dengan menggunakan beberapa sumur bor di daerah penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persebaran dari variasi litologi dan menganalisis fasies dan sistem pengendapan berdasarkan pola elektrofasies pada tiap sumur daerah penelitian dari batuan penyusun Formasi Talang Akar Bagian Bawah pada lapangan “X”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini melibatkan data batuan inti dan data sumur. Kedua jenis data tersebut memiliki peran penting dalam mengkarakterisasi batuan penyusun yang terdapat di daerah penelitian. Analisis fasies dan sistem pengendapan digunakan untuk menggambarkan sifat dan lingkungan deposisi batuan, yang diambil dari data batuan inti yang akan digunakan sebagai validasi terhadap interpretasi data sumur atau elektrofasies. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah penelitian dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa elemen yaitu, fluvial meandering channel, floodplain, tidal distributary channel, distributary mouth bar, dan delta front/marine shale. Elemen tersebut terendapkan pada dua sistem pengendapan yang berbeda, yaitu meandering system dan tide dominated delta system. Hasil interpretasi log gamma ray pada tiga sumur menunjukkan dua litologi utama: sandstone dan shale. Persebaran litologi dan pola penyusunannya dapat dikorelasikan antar sumur. Namun, satu tubuh sandstone tebal di dasar sumur B-1 tidak ada pada dua sumur lainnya. Secara vertikal, pola litologi dari log gamma ray menunjukkan beberapa tren, termasuk fase yang didominasi oleh sandstone dan fase yang didominasi oleh shale. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis fasies dan sistem pengendapan akan memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang karakteristik batuan dan lingkungan deposisi di Lapangan “X”, Formasi Talang Akar Bagian Bawah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi atau sudut pandang baru terhadap kegiatan pengembangan lapangan minyak dan gas bumi pada daerah penelitian.

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The South Sumatra Basin is one of the regions with significant potential for oil and gas reserves, especially within the Talang Akar Formation. To optimize exploration and production in this basin, a study involving the field of geology is needed to discover and develop new potentials. This research focuses on the Lower Talang Akar Formation, using several drilling wells in the research area. The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of lithological variations and to analyze facies and deposition systems based on electrofacies patterns in each well within the research area of the Lower Talang Akar Formation in the "X" field. The methods employed in this research involve core rock data and well data. Both types of data play a crucial role in characterizing the constituent rocks present in the research area. Facies and deposition system analysis are used to depict the nature and depositional environment of the rocks, derived from core rock data, which will be used as validation for the interpretation of well data or electrofacies. The research results indicate that the research area can be divided into several elements, namely fluvial meandering channels, floodplains, tidal distributary channels, distributary mouth bars, and delta fronts/marine shales. These elements are deposited within two distinct deposition systems, namely the meandering system and the tide-dominated delta system. The interpretation results of the gamma-ray log in the three wells indicate two main lithologies: sandstone and shale. The distribution of lithology and its arrangement can be correlated between wells. However, a thick sandstone body at the base of well B-1 is not present in the other two wells. Vertically, the lithology pattern from the gamma-ray log indicates several trends, including phases dominated by sandstone and phases dominated by shale. In this study, facies and deposition system analysis will provide an in-depth understanding of rock characteristics and depositional environments in the "X" field of the Lower Talang Akar Formation. This research is expected to contribute new insights or perspectives to the development of oil and gas fields in the research area."

"Cekungan Sumatera Tengah merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil minyak dan gas bumi terbesar di Indonesia dengan salah satu reservoir yang potensial berada di formasi tualang dan lakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode multiatribut seismik dan analisis petrofisika untuk melakukan karakterisasi reservoir pada daerah penelitian. Analisis petrofisika bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter petrofisika yaitu volume shale, porositas, dan saturasi air. Batuan reservoir potensial pada penelitian ini memiliki nilai volume shale dengan rentang 0.1 hingga 0.3, nilai porositas efektif dengan rentang 0.144 hingga 0.253, dan nilai saturasi air dengan rentang 0.45 hingga 0.79. Analisis multiatribut bertujuan untuk melakukan penyebaran parameter petrofisika pada area penelitian. Berdasarkan analisis multiatribut seismik didapatkan persebaran zona reservoir sandstone potensial formasi tualang dan lakat terkonsentrasi di daerah tinggian antiklin di tengah dan tenggara area penelitian dengan rentang nilai volume shale dari 0.05 hingga 0.65 dan nilai porositas efektif dengan rentang 0.1 hingga 0.25. Zona tersebut berada pada daerah tinggian yang dikontrol oleh antiklin sesar yang berarah NW-SE sehingga zona tersebut memiliki potensi menjadi jebakan struktural hidrokarbon. Struktur antiklin ini juga mengendalikan proses migrasi sekunder dari formasi kelesa yang dikembangkan di graben yang terletak sekitar 15 km south east (tenggara) dari area penelitian.

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The Central Sumatra Basin is one of the largest oil and gas-producing regions in Indonesia, with one of its potential reservoirs located in the Tualang and Lakat formations. This study uses seismic multi-attribute method and petrophysical analysis to characterize the reservoir in the study area. The petrophysical analysis aims to obtain petrophysical parameters, namely shale volume, porosity, and water saturation. The potential reservoir rock in this study has a shale volume ranging from 0.1 to 0.3, effective porosity ranging from 0.144 to 0.253, and water saturation ranging from 0.45 to 0.79. The multi-attribute analysis aims to map the distribution of petrophysical parameters across the study area. Based on the seismic multi-attribute analysis, the distribution of potential sandstone reservoir zones in the Tualang and Lakat formations is concentrated in the anticline highs in the central and southeastern parts of the study area, with shale volume values ranging from 0.05 to 0.65 and effective porosity values ranging from 0.1 to 0.25. These zones are located in high areas controlled by NW-SE trending fault anticlines, suggesting that these zones have the potential to become hydrocarbon structural traps. This anticline structure also controls the secondary migration process from the Kelesa formation, which is developed in the Binio Trough, located approximately 15 kilometers southeast of the study area."

"Lapangan 'X' adalah salah satu lapangan penghasil minyak di Cekungan Sumatera Tengah. Cekungan Sumatera Tengah merupakan salah satu cekungan sedimen penghasil minyak terbesar di Indonesia. Lapangan 'X' adalah area dengan Formasi Bekasap onlaping ke Tinggian Basement. Fitur onlapping berpotensi untuk perangkap stratigrafi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi perangkap stratigrafi, distribusi reservoir batu pasir, tipe fasies, dan lingkungan pengendapan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data seismik 3D, log sumur, dan data inti batuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis elektrofasies berdasarkan log sumur, atribut seismik, dan model geologi konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada potensi perangkap stratigrafi dalam bentuk perangkap intra-formasi dan regional. Jebakan intra-formasi dibentuk oleh perselingan batupasir dan litologi serpih secara vertikal dan perubahan fasies lateral, sedangkan jebakan regional dibentuk oleh lapisan serpih Formasi Telisa dan Formasi Bekasap dengan onlap di Tinggian Basement. Berdasarkan inversi AI, dekomposisi spektral 20 Hz, atribut envelope, dan atribut rms amplitudo  menunjukkan distribusi reservoir batupasir A Formasi Bekasap berarah Timurlaut - Baratdaya pada zona onlapping ke Tinggian Basement. Berdasarkan integrasi analisis data batuan inti, elektrofasies, inversi AI, dekomposisi spektral 20 Hz, dan atribut rms amplitudo lingkungan pengendapan reservoir diinterpretasikan sebagai wave dominated delta yang terdiri dari empat fasies: upper shoreface, lower shoreface, distributary channel, dan offshore.

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The 'X' field is an oil-producing field in the Central Sumatera Basin. Central Sumatera Basin is one of the largest oil-producing sedimentary basin in Indonesia. The field is an area in the form of onlaping Bekasap Formation to the Basement High. The onlapping feature has potential for stratigraphic traps. This study aims to identify the potential stratigraphic traps, the distribution of sandstone reservoirs, facies types and the depositional environments. The data used in the study are 3D seismic data, well log, and core data. The research methods used including the analysis of electrofacies based on well log, seismic attributes, and conceptual geology model. The research shows that there is a stratigraphic trap in the form of intra-formation and regional traps. Intra-formation traps were formed vertically by the intersection of sandstone and shale lithologies and lateral facies changes, whereas the regional traps are formed by the shale layer of Telisa Formation and Bekasap Formation with onlapping on the Basement High. Based on AI inversion, spectral-decomposition 20 Hz, envelope, and rms amplitude attributes show the distribution sandstone reservoir A of Bekasap Formation is Northeast - Southwest on onlaping zone to the Basement High. Based on integrated of core data, electrofacies, AI inversion, spectral-decomposition 20 Hz and rms amplitude attributes, the depositional environment of reservoir is interpretated as wave dominated delta which is of four facies: upper shoreface, lower shoreface, distributary channel, and offshore facies."