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"Jepara's reputation as “The World Carving Centre” is suspected of experiencing an identity crisis, marked by the decline in export value during the covid19 pandemic, the absence of regeneration of wood craftsmen, and other problems. The Jepara people's belief in the power of carving as local wisdom that is preserved needs to be accompanied by social capital consisting of the government, industry players, entrepreneurs, and craftsmen. Social capital has a role in building Jepara's reputation as a City of Carving with a Public Relations approach. Therefore, this study implemented the Reputation Management Theory by applying a qualitative method with a case study approach. After observation and in-depth interviews were conducted with the government, furniture entrepreneurs, and artisans, it was found that social capital becomes a relational dimension to achieve the goals of regional public relations reputation. Public Relations is recognized as an organizational function that includes boundaries responsible for communication engagement with various stakeholders to facilitate social relations, co-creation, and communication. Community involvement and social life, such as building relationships, norms, and trust, enable them to manage their reputation effectively. Social capital is due to various elements, including trust, rules, and norms governing social action, social interaction, and network resources."

"Pada masa pandemi, ruang publik perkotaan harus ditempuh dengan waspada. Pergeseran persepsi masyarakat terhadap kota pun terjadi, umumnya mereka menganggap keramaian kota sebagai ruang yang sebisa mungkin harus dihindari karena potensi penularan Covid-19 lebih besar dengan ramainya penduduk kota. Keadaan seperti ini terjadi hampir di seluruh kota di dunia, termasuk di DKI Jakarta. Masyarakat Indonesia dengan sebagian besarnya pengguna media sosial membagikan informasi dan pengalaman yang mereka rasakan terkait situasi dan kondisi Jakarta di media sosial, terutama secara tekstual di akun Twitter mereka. Penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi secara kualitatif melalui analisis konten media sosial, analisis sentimen dan narasi serta persepsi yang terbentuk pada masyarakat terkait citra. Melalui analisis konten media sosial untuk melihat persepsi yang diutarakan secara tekstual oleh masyarakat Jakarta selama pandemi Covid-19 dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi tersebut membentuk citra kota Jakarta. Persepsi warga ini membentuk citra yang negatif pada elemen distrik yang menjadi kategori dominan pada kumpulan twit warga yang diteliti. Citra yang dihasilkan dari fungsi perkotaan pun menjadi sorotan, kelima dimensi fungsi kota yaitu vitalitas, kecocokan, sense, akses, dan kontrol semuanya memiliki karakteristik negatif. Sehingga pembicaraan serta persepsi mengenai kota Jakarta di media sosial Twitter pada masa krisis pandemi menghasilkan citra yang negatif. Utamanya pada fungsi vitalitas, yakni pemenuhan kebutuhan biologis manusia.

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During a pandemic, urban public spaces must be taken with caution. There has also been a shift in people's perceptions of the city, generally they consider the city crowd as a space that should be avoided as much as possible because the potential for Covid-19 transmission is greater with the hectic population of the city. This situation occurs in almost all cities in the world, including DKI Jakarta. Indonesian people with the majority of social media users share information and experiences they feel related to the situation and conditions in Jakarta on social media, especially textually on their Twitter accounts. This research will explore qualitatively through analysis of social media content, analysis of sentiment and narratives as well as perceptions formed in society regarding image. Through analysis of social media content to see the perceptions expressed textually by the people of Jakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic and to find out how these perceptions shape the image of the city of Jakarta. This citizen perception forms a negative image of the district element which is the dominant category in the collection of tweets of the residents studied. The image generated from urban functions is also in the spotlight, the five dimensions of city function, namely vitality, fit, sense, access, and control all have negative characteristics. So that discussions and perceptions about the city of Jakarta on Twitter social media during the pandemic crisis produce a negative image. Mainly on the function of vitality, namely the fulfillment of human biological needs."

"Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk meneliti apakah tingkat return harian dari indeks milik perusahaan Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Market memiliki ketahanan terhadap volatilitas asimetris yang muncul ketika dihadapkan dengan pandemi Covid-19. Alasan utama munculnya volatilitas yang asimetris ini dikarenakan pasar keuangan dilanda oleh krisis, yaitu pandemi Covid-19 yang menyerang seluruh negara di dunia dan dampaknya paling dirasakan oleh negara-negara berkembang. Sampel dari penelitian ini terdiri 24 negara berkembang dari wilayah Asia, Eropa, Timur Tengah, Afrika, dan Amerika. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hal tersebut adalah GJR-GARCH. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa wilayah dengan tingkat leverage effect paling rendah merupakan negara-negara berkembang di Asia dikarenakan negara-negara berkembang di Asia bagian Tenggara (ASEAN) memiliki mayoritas saham dengan nilai yang masih berkembang sehingga memiliki tingkat sentimen investor yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan negara-negara yang sahamnya sudah memiliki nilai tinggi.

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The purpose of this study is to examine whether the daily rate of return of the index belonging to the company Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Markets has resistance to the asymmetric volatility that arises when faced with the Covid-19 pandemic. The main reason for the emergence of this asymmetrical volatility is because the financial market was hit by a crisis, which is the Covid-19 pandemic that attacked all countries in the world and its impact was felt most by developing countries. The sample of this study consisted of 24 developing countries from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and America. The method used to analyze this event is GJR-GARCH. This study found that the regions with the lowest levels of leverage effect are developing countries in Asia, especially developing countries in Southeast Asia (ASEAN) most of their stocks have a value that is still small and developing so that they have a lower level of investor’s sentiment compared to other countries. countries whose stocks already have a high value."

"Tugas karya akhir ini membahas mengenai peran modal sosial bagi keberlangsungan UMKM di masa pandemi Covid-19 dilihat dari disiplin Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Adapun hal ini memiliki latar belakang oleh sebuah kondisi pandemi Covid-19 yang berdampak kepada menurunnya tingkat daya beli masyarakat akibat kebijakan pembatasan mobilitas masyarakat. Para pelaku UMKM kemudian mengalami penurunan omzet karena tingginya kerentanan dan minimnya ketahanan terhadap sumber daya yang tersedia. Sebagaimana kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan perekonomian Indonesia memburuk. Untuk itu, berbagai pengembangan perlu kembali ditingkatkan dan hambatan-hambatan yang ditimbulkan dari pandemi Covid-19 perlu segera diatasi dalam membantu kesejahteraan para pelaku UMKM. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan peran modal sosial dalam Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah yang berperan penting ditengah keterbatasan modal finansial dan modal manusia di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka, dimana peneliti memperoleh data melalui berbagai sumber literatur, seperti jurnal, buku, laporan terkait, kutipan artikel, dan lain sebagainya. Hal ini ditujukan agar peneliti dapat menjangkau berbagai data dan kasus secara lebih luas. Hasil kajian yang didapatkan peneliti menunjukan bahwa para pelaku UMKM memiliki modal sosial yang terbangun dalam jaringan dengan keluarga, tetangga, pegawai, pemasok, antar pedagang, warga sekitar, dan kelompok RT/RW. Jaringan tersebut kemudian dilandasi dengan adanya rasa saling percaya yang ditopang oleh norma-norma. Unsur modal sosial yang dimiliki pelaku UMKM mendorong mereka dalam mempertahankan keberlangsungan usaha karena dapat meningkatkan kerjasama dengan memanfaatkan relasi sosial yang telah mereka bangun sebelumnya sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan ekonomi dari pelaku usaha. Penelitian ini juga menemukan tiga bentuk modal sosial, yakni bonding, bridging, dan linking yang menjadi bentuk kekuatan modal sosial yang mereka miliki. Dengan begitu, modal sosial mampu membantu para pelaku UMKM untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan akibat dampak yang ditimbulkan dari pandemi Covid-19.

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This research aims to identified and analyzed the role of social capital for MSME continuity in the Covid-19 era seen from social welfare disciplines. This is motivated by a condition of the Covid-19 pandemic which has an effect of reduced purchasing power of the people due to the policy of restricting human mobility. Then, MSME actors have experienced a decline in turnover because pandemic situations create increased vulnerability and a lack of resilience to the absence of resources. It is encouraging, that Covid-19 has caused the Indonesian economy to deteriorate. Therefore, several developments need to be improved and the obstacles caused by the Covid-19 pandemic need to be addressed immediately that can be used to help improve the welfare of the MSME actors. This study describes the role of social capital in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises during the Covid-19 pandemic, in which social capital plays an important role in the middle of limited financial and human capital. This research is based on the literature review method, where the researchers get data through various literature, such as journals, books, related reports, article citations, etc. It is aimed that researchers be able to obtain various data and cases on a wider scale. The results of the study show that MSME actors have social capital that it can extend from families, neighbors, employees, suppliers, other vendors, local residents, and RT/RW groups. The network is based on mutual trust which is supported by norms. The element of social capital owned by MSME actors encourages them to maintain business continuity because it be able to increase cooperation by utilizing the social relations they have built before. This study also found three forms of social capital, namely bonding, bridging, and linking which became a form of the strength of their social capital. Accordingly, keeping their social capital made by MSME to rise from adversity.

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"Quarter life crisis adalah kondisi yang menggambarkan krisis atas identitas yang dirasakan oleh seorang individu dari mereka remaja dan kemudian beranjak menjadi seorang individu dewasa dengan sumber krisis yang berpusat pada belum siapnya individu dalam proses transisi antar status tersebut. Secara umum, dampak yang dihasilkan pada saat seseorang mengalami situasi krisis ini adalah mereka akan merasakan penurunan tingkat percaya diri, menarik diri secara sosial, cemas hingga depresi. Dalam menghadapi situasi ini, individu diharapkan memiliki sumber penguatan dari dalam dirinya dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan tingkat quarter life crisis pada Individu dewasa awal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis survei. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan metode probability sampling dengan teknik stratified random sampling, sedangkan untuk instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Alat ukur dukungan sosial disusun dengan mengacu kepada teori oleh House (1981) tentang 4 aspek mengenai dukungan sosial, sedangkan untuk alat ukur quarter life crisis, peneliti mengadaptasi kuesioner oleh Hassler (2009) tentang quarter life crisis. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 85 mahasiswa yang seluruhnya terhimpun sebagai mahasiswa tingkat akhir Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Indonesia angkatan 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara dukungan sosial dengan tingkat quarter life crisis dengan arah hubungan antara keduanya adalah negatif (r=-0,686**) di mana semakin rendah dukungan sosial maka semakin tinggi tingkat quarter life crisis yang dialami oleh seseorang, dan berlaku untuk sebaliknya.

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Quarter life crisis is an identity crisis phenomenon that occurs to the unpreparedness in the transition process from a teenager and then turns into an adulthood. The impact that is produced when someone experiences this crisis situation is that they will feel a decrease in their level of self-confidence, anxiety and depression. To dealing with this situation, individuals are expected to have a source of reinforcement from within themselves and their surroundings. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between social support and quarter life crisis in early adulthood. This study uses a quantitative research approach with a survei type. The sample in this study was measured using the probability sampling method with stratified random sampling technique, while the research instrument used was a questionnaire. The measuring instrument for social support was prepared with reference to the theory by House (1981) regarding 4 aspects of social support, while for the measuring instrument for quarter life crisis, researchers adapted the questionnaire by Hassler (2009) about quarter life crisis. Respondents in this study totaled 85 students, all of whom were final year students at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia class of 2019. The results showed that there was relationship between social support and the level of quarter life crisis. The direction of the relationship between the two was negative ( r=-0.686**). The lower the social support score, the higher the level of quarter life crisis experienced by a person, and vice versa."

"Upaya kelembagaan hubungan industrial Kota Depok untuk menciptakan hubungan industrial yang harmonis pada masa pandemi COVID-19 merupakan langkah yang dilakukan oleh aktor-aktor hubungan industrial di Kota Depok untuk menangani permasalahan hubungan industrial. Terdapat 3 permasalahan hubungan industrial yang sering terjadi di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Permasalahan yang menjadi fokus kelembagaan hubungan industrial yaitu, pembayaran THR (Tunjangan Hari Raya), upah minimum, dan PHK (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja). Proses menangani 3 permasalahan hubungan industrial dengan melakukan dialog kepada seluruh anggota untuk membuat rekomendasi yang tepat untuk diteruskan kepada Walikota dan menjadi acuan bagi seluruh pekerja dan pengusaha di Kota Depok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis upaya kelembagaan hubungan industrial Kota Depok dalam menciptakan hubungan industrial yang harmonis pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam sebagai data primer dan studi pustaka sebagai sekunder, serta teknik analisis data kualitatif induktif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu upaya kelembagaan hubungan industrial Kota Depok secara umum sudah dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik. Upaya dalam menangani kendala pembayaran THR yaitu melakukan pengawasan pada perusahaan yang bermasalah membayar THR, dan membuka posko pengaduan THR. Upaya dalam pemberian upah minum yaitu, memberikan kepastian hukum kepada perusahaan, memberikan apresiasi berupa relaksasi cost pembayaran pajak air tanah, dan memberikan Bantuan Subsidi Upah (BSU). Selain itu, upaya dalam menangani PHK dengan memberikan pelatihan dan uji kompetensi kepada pekerja. Namun upaya yang dilaksanakan perlu dioptimalkan oleh kelembagaan hubungan industrial di Kota Depok yaitu belum mengaplikasikan bidang teknologi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan hubungan industrial di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan yaitu membuat website pengaduan THR secara online, memberikan pelatihan pada bidang teknologi, memberikan sanksi pidana dan denda membayar sejumlah uang bagi perushaan yang tidak taat aturan pemerintah, dan mengadakan rapat lebih intens untuk membahas permasalahan hubungan industrial.

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The industrial relations institutional efforts of Depok City to create harmonious industrial relations during the COVID-19 pandemic are steps taken by industrial relations actors in Depok City to deal with industrial relations problems. There are 3 industrial relations problems that often occur in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The problems that become the focus of industrial relations institutions are the payment of THR (Tunjangan Hari Raya), minimum wages, and layoffs (Termination of Employment). The process of dealing with 3 industrial relations issues by holding a dialogue with all members to make appropriate recommendations which will be forwarded to the Mayor and become a reference for all workers and employers in Depok City. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efforts of Depok City's industrial relations institutions in creating harmonious industrial relations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research approach is qualitative with in-depth interview data collection techniques as primary data and literature study as secondary, as well as inductive qualitative data analysis techniques. The result of this research is that the industrial relations institutional efforts of Depok City in general have been able to be implemented well. Efforts to deal with THR payment constraints are to supervise companies that have problems paying THR, and open a THR complaint post. Efforts in providing drinking wages include providing legal certainty to companies, giving appreciation in the form of relaxing the cost of paying groundwater taxes, and providing Wage Subsidy Assistance (BSU). In addition, efforts to deal with layoffs are carried out by providing training and competency tests to workers. However, the efforts carried out need to be optimized by the industrial relations institution in Depok City, which has not yet applied the technology field to solve industrial relations problems in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations that can be given are making an online THR complaint website, providing training in the field of technology, providing criminal sanctions and fines paying a sum of money for companies that do not comply with government regulations, and holding more intense meetings to discuss industrial relations issues."

"Pandemi COVID-19 merupakan masa-masa stress bagi masyarakat, kecemasan dan rasa takut akan adanya penyakit baru menimbulkan stigma sosial. Stigma sosial dapat berdampak buruk bagi penanganan dan pengendalian wabah. Mahasiswa memiliki peran sebagai pembawa dan pelaku perubahan serta contoh nyata. Salah satu bentuk nyata dapat diwujudkan melalui upaya pencegahan dan mengatasi stigma sosial COVID-19 di masyarakat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stigma sosial COVID-19 di kalangan mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia dan faktor yang berpotensi menyebabkan stigma sosial COVID-19 tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu studi potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan seluruh mahasiswa jenjang studi strata 1 (S1) dengan sampel sebanyak 373 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner daring yang diisi mandiri oleh responden. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 31,1% responden masih memiliki stigma sosial. Analisis bivariat yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara variabel jenis kelamin, pengetahuan dan keterpaparan informasi dengan stigma sosial COVID-19. Meskipun secara statistik tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan namun ditemukan kecenderungan pada variabel asal fakultas non-kesehatan, sikap, peran tokoh masyarakat, dan peran petugas kesehatan.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful time for the community, anxiety and fear of a new disease causing social stigma. Social stigma can have a negative impact on the handling and control of the outbreaks. Students have a role as agents of change as well as the real examples in society. One of the real action of this role can be realized through the efforts to prevent and overcome the social stigma of COVID-19 in society.This study aims to determine the social stigma of COVID-19 among University of Indonesia students and the factors that potentially causing the social stigma of COVID-19. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional study design. The population of this study were all undergraduate students (S1) and minimum sample of 373 respondents was obtained. Data were collected through online questionnaires and filled out independently by respondents. The analysis carried out includes univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi square test.The results showed that 31.1% of respondents still had COVID-19 social stigma. The bivariate analysis conducted showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the variables of gender, knowledge and information exposure with the social stigma of COVID-19. Although there is no statistically significant relationship, a trend was found in the non-health faculty origin variables, attitudes, the role of community leaders, and the role of health workers."

"Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan munculnya konsekuensi negatif bagi Subjective well-being (SWB) remaja, yang merupakan kelompok paling rentan karena karakteristik perkembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi respons terhadap stres (primary control engagement coping, secondary control engagement coping, disengagement coping, involuntary engagement dan involuntary disengagement), traits kepribadian (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience) dan persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial (keluarga, teman, figur yang signifikan) pada SWB remaja selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Partisipan adalah 313 orang remaja Indonesia (13-18 tahun) yang dipilih menggunakan metode convenience sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Satisfaction with Life Scale, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience, Child Self Report Responses to Stress Questionnaire-COVID-19 dan Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data dianalisis dengan regresi hierarki berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons terhadap stres, traits kepribadian, dan persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial berkontribusi terhadap SWB (LS, PA dan NA) remaja. Secara khusus, involuntary disengagement response, extraversion, neuroticism dan persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dari keluarga secara signifikan berkontribusi pada SWB remaja. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi para praktisi untuk menyusun intervensi bagi remaja agar dapat mengembangkan respon terhadap stres yang adaptif dan untuk orang tua agar memberikan dukungan kepada remaja sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan SWB remaja Indonesia pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dan seterusnya.

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COVID-19 pandemic causes negative consequence for adolescents’ subjective well- being (SWB) as they are the most vulnerable group due to their developmental characteristic. This research investigated contribution response to stress (primary control engagement coping, secondary control engagement coping, disengagement coping, involuntary engagement dan involuntary disengagement), personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience), and perceived social support (family, friends, significant figure) of adolescent SWB during COVID-19 pandemic period. The participants were 313 Indonesian adolescents (13-18 years old), selected using convenience sampling method. The measurements were Satisfaction with Life Scale, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience, Child Self Report Responses to Stress Questionnaire-COVID-19 dan Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Results showed that response to stress, personality traits, and perceived social support together contributed to adolescents’ SWB (LS, PA & NA) significantly. Specifically, involuntary disengagement response, extraversion, neuroticism and perceived social support from family significantly contributed to adolescents’ SWB. The practical implication for professionals are to develop psychological intervention for adolescents to be able to develop adaptive response to stress and for parents to give support to adolescents in order optimize their SWB in Indonesian context during the COVID-19 pandemic and onward."

"Intervensi non-farmasi sosial merupakan factor kunci dalam menanggulangi pandemic Covid-19 di Indonesia. Pentingnya intervensi non-farmasi sosial telah berkembang di Industri perjalanan dan wisata. Penelitian sebelumn menemukan bahwa kepercayaan pada intervensi non-farmasi social memidiasi hubunga antara upaya negosiasi dan minat berwisata. Studi ini meneliti hubungan antara intervensi non-farmasi social terhadap minat berwisata dalam negeri di Indonesia dan faktor yang memengaruhi minat berwisata dalam negeri seseorang baik yang sudah melakukan wisata dalam negeri sebelum situasi pandemic covid-19 dan yang belum. Data penelitian ini diambil di Indonesia, hal ini dikarenakan pada saat kasus covid-19 berkurang, regulasi yang berlaku di Indonesia memungkinkan untuk melakukan wisata dalam negeri. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bagi yang terlah berwisata dalam negeri, motivasi secara positif memengaruhi minat berwisata, pembatasan secara negatif memengaruhi minat berwisata, pembatasan secara positif memengaruhi upaya negosiasi, dan negosiasi & kepercayaan pada intervensi non-farmasi memediasi hubungan antara motivasi dan negosiasi. Di sisi lain, bagi yang belum berwisata, motivasi secara positif memengaruhi minat berwisata, pembatasan secara positif memengaruhi upaya negosiasi, dan negosiasi & kepercayaan pada intervensi non-farmasi memediasi hubungan antara motivasi dan negosiasi, dan pembatasan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signikan kepada minat berwisata

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Non-pharmaceutical intervention is one of the key factors in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The importance of social non-pharmaceutical intervention (individual, social, and community) has been growing in the travel and tourism industries. Past research discovered that trust in social non-pharmaceutical intervention mediates the relationship between negotiation effort and travel intention. This study examined the relationship between non-pharmaceutical intervention on domestic travel intention in Indonesia and the factors influencing individual domestic travel intention among those who have and have not traveled during the pandemic situation. The data were collected in Indonesia as the regulation allow domestic travel when the covid case decreases. The results showed that among those who have traveled, motivation positively influences travel intention, constraint negatively influences travel intention, constraint positively influences negotiation efforts, and negotiation & trust in non-pharmaceutical intervention mediate the relationship between motivation and negotiation. On the other hand, for individuals who have not traveled, motivation positively influences travel intention, constraint positively influences negotiation efforts, and negotiation & trust in non-pharmaceutical intervention mediate the relationship between motivation and negotiation, and constraint does not have significant influence on travel intention"

"Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana aspek implementasi dari kebijakan pembatasan jarak fisik melalui PSBB selama pandemi COVID-19 di Kota Bogor yang kemudian direformulasi kembali pada implementasi kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Mikro dan Komunitas (PSBMK). Adapun, perspektif teoritis yang digunakan bersumber pada pandangan dari Majone & Wildavsky (1978) yang mengartikan implementasi sebagai proses di mana program-program terus dibentuk dan didefinisikan ulang. Selain itu, turut dirujuk pendapat dari Grindle (1980) yang menyatakan terdapat dua aspek utama di dalam menentukan derajat keberhasilan dari sebuah implementasi kebijakan antara lain; konten atau isi kebijakan dan konteks implementasi. Dalam menghimpun data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan didukung oleh data primer yang bersumber dari proses wawancara mendalam terhadap narasumber serta data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini pun menunjukkan bahwa konsep implementasi yang dikemukakan oleh Majone & Wildavsky (1978) dan Grindle (1980) relevan dengan temuan yang ada. Di mana kebijakan mengalami reformulasi dan dibentuk kembali selama tahap pengimplementasian. Hal itu dibuktikan dari pengambilan keputusan pemkot Bogor untuk menerapkan kebijakan PSBMK di Kota Bogor di samping memiliki tujuan dan derajat perubahan yang sama juga lebih menyesuaikan dengan konteks kondisi di Kota Bogor ketimbang melanjutkan kebijakan PSBB yang memberikan dampak besar terutama pada sektor ekonomi. Keberhasilan PSBMK juga dapat dibuktikan dari model analisis Grindle (1980) antara isi kebijakan dan konteks implementasinya, hingga mengubah status Kota Bogor dari zona merah ke zona oranye dalam waktu sepuluh hari.

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This research discusses the implementation aspect of the policy of physical distancing through PSBB during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogor City which was then reformulated into the implementation of the Micro and Community Scale Social Restrictions (PSBMK) policy. Meanwhile, the theoretical perspective used stems from the view of Majone & Wildavsky (1978) which defines implementation as a process in which programs are continuously shaped and redefined. In addition, the opinion of Grindle (1980) is also referred to, which states that there are two main aspects in determining the degree of success of a policy implementation, among others; content or contents of the policy and implementation context. In collecting data, this study uses qualitative methods supported by primary data which originates from in-depth interviews with informants as well as secondary data which includes books, journal articles and other scientific documents. The results of this study also show that the implementation concept put forward by Majone & Wildavsky (1978) and Grindle (1980) is relevant to the existing findings. Where the policy undergoes reformulation and is reshaped during the implementation stage. This is evidenced by the decision made by the Bogor City Government to implement the PSBMK policy in Bogor City. Apart from having the same goals and degree of change, it is also more adapted to the context of conditions in Bogor City, rather than continuing the PSBB policy which has a major impact, especially on the economic sector. The success of PSBMK can also be proven from Grindle's (1980) analysis model between the content of the policy and the context of its implementation, to changing the status of Bogor City from the red zone to the orange zone within ten days."