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"Pharmaceutics is one of the most diverse subject areas in all of pharmaceutical science. In brief, it is concerned with the scientific and technological aspects of the design and manufacture of dosage forms or medicines. An understanding of pharmaceutics is therefore vital for all pharmacists and those pharmaceutical scientists who are involved with converting a drug or a potential drug into a medicine that can be delivered safely, effectively and conveniently to the patient. Now in its fourth edition, this best-selling textbook in pharmaceutics has been brought completely up to date to reflect the rapid advances in delivery methodologies by eye and injection, advances in drug formulations and delivery methods for special groups (such as children and the elderly), nanomedicine, and pharmacognosy. At the same time the editors have striven to maintain the accessibility of the text for students of pharmacy, preserving the balance between being a suitably pitched introductory text and a clear reflection of the state of the art"

"Di Australia, Eropa dan Amerika Serikat, pembawa suspensi untuk pembuatan obat racikan yang diberikan secara oral telah beredar di pasaran dan dikenal dengan nama dagang Ora-Plus. Namun, sediaan Ora-Plus ini belum beredar di Indonesia sehingga perlu dibuat formulasi pembawa sediaan suspensi untuk pembuatan obat racikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula pembawa sediaan suspensi yang stabil secara fisik dan kimia setelah penambahan zat aktif berupa tablet diltiazem hidroklorida sebagai model obat. Uji stabilitas dilakukan selama 30 hari pada formula pembawa suspensi terpilih, yaitu formula A dan E. Uji stabilitas fisik dilakukan pada suhu kamar dengan pengujian terhadap bau, warna serta pH sediaan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suspensi oral diltiazem hidroklorida berwarna putih dan memiliki bau seperti obat, serta pH yang dihasilkan mengalami penurunan yang tidak terlalu jauh selama masa penyimpanan. Uji stabilitas kimia dilakukan pada dua kondisi yang berbeda, yaitu suhu kamar dan suhu 4±2ºC untuk selanjutnya dilakukan penetapan kadar menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kadar suspensi oral diltiazem hidroklorida mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan selama masa penyimpanan sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa suspensi oral diltiazem hidroklorida stabil secara fisik namun tidak stabil secara kimia.

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In Australia, Europe and the United States, suspending vehicle which is made by the manufactures for extemporaneous compounding in oral medications are known under the Ora-Plus trade name. However, Ora-Plus has not distributed in Indonesia, therefore a suspending vehicle formulation for extemporaneous oral liquid compounding should be formulated. The objective of this research was to obtain the optimum concentration of suspending vehicle and to obtain a physically and chemically stable formulation of diltiazem hydrochloride suspension. Stability test of suspension had been carried out for 30 days in the selected suspending vehicle formulas (Formula A and E). Physical stability test was performed at room temperature and physical properties (odor and color) and pH of suspension was evaluated. The results showed that the oral suspension of diltiazem hydrochloride possessed white and drug-like odor, and the resulting pH decreased less significantly during storage. Chemical stability test was carried out in two different conditions, at room temperature and at 4±2ºC for chemical stability test in suspension using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Concentration of diltiazem hydrochloride in the oral suspension showed fluctuation during storage period. Based on those results, it can be concluded that the oral suspension of diltiazem hydrochloride was physically stable but not chemically stable during the storage period."

"Dalam rangka peningkatan kesehatan masyar1cat —obft?ä jIoaI perlu dimanfaatkan sebaik-baiknya mengingat potensi bahan alam yang cukup besar di Indonesia. Salah satu jenis tanaman yang ada di Indonesia yang berkhasiat sebagai obat adalah Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff atau yang sering kita kenal dengan nama handeuleum. Khasiat tanaman mi antara lain : daunnya untuk obat wasir (hemorrhoid). Penelitian ilmiah yang telah dilakukan mengenal tanaman ml adalah uji efek penyembuhan daun handeuleum terhadap wasir. Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh ekstrak etanol 40% terhadap pola defekasi pada tikus putih. Penelitian mi mendukung efek daun handeuleum terhadap penyembuhan hemorrhoid. Sebagai hewan uji digunakan tiga puluh ekor tikus jantan galur Sprague Dowley dengan berat badan antara 160 sampal 220 gram yang dibagi dalam enam kelompok. Dosis pemenksaan adalah 32,025 mg dan 128,1 mg dan sebthgai kontrol perlakuan digunakan Loperamid-HCL Bahan uji diberikan setiap had mulal had pertama dan pengamatan terhadappoladefekasi dilakukan setiap had sampai had ke-sepuluh. Kelompok perlakuan dibandingkah dengan kelompok kontrol yang diberikan propilen . glikol 10%, kelompok yang diberikan Loperamid-HCI dan ekstrak serta kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak tanpa Loperamid-HCI. Pola defekasi dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 40% daun handeuleum dosis 32,025 mg mempunyai efek menurunkan konsistensi feces serta meningkatkan frekuensi defekasi dan jumlah feces. Peningkatan dosis bahan up menunjukkan peningkatan efek terhadap pola defekasi.

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In order to increase public health, traditional medicine should be used properly considering Indonesia's great potention of natural resources. One of Indonesia plant which is often used as medicine is Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff or commonly known as handeuleum. It's leaf can be used to treat hemorrhoid. Scientific research which has been done on this plant is the test of handeuleum leaf activity to cure hemorrhoid. The scientific research about the effect of 40% of etanol extract of handeleum to the defecation pattern has been dne. This research was supported the effect of handeuleum to heal hemorrhoid. In this study, thirty male SD rats weighing 160 - 220 grams were used and divided into six groups. The dosage used were 32,025 mg and 128,1 mg extract and we used Loperamid-HCI as control treatment. Those drugs were given everyday from first to tenth days. The observation were conducted during those ten days. The treatment group were compared to the control group which given -10% of propylen glycol, the group which given Loperàmid-HCI with extract and the group which given extract without Loperamid-HCI. The defecation pattern then analysed statistically. . The result showed that 40% of etanol extract oh handeuleum leaves at dose of-'32,,025 mg has the effect of decreasing feces consistency and increasing dfëcation frequency. The increasing of drug dose showed increasing effect to defecation pattern."

"Abstract:This three-volume set of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications is an authoritative, comprehensive reference work on the formulation and manufacture of parenteral dosage forms, effectively balancing theoretical considerations with the practical aspects of their development."

"Abstract:This three-volume set of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications is an authoritative, comprehensive reference work on the formulation and manufacture of parenteral dosage forms, effectively balancing theoretical considerations with the practical aspects of their development."