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"This is the fifth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. Like in previous editions, scholars, engineers and analysts from all around the world have contributed chapters covering human factors, ethical, legal, energy and technology aspects related to automated vehicles, as well as transportation infrastructure and public planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium which was hosted by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in San Francisco, California (USA) in July 2017."

"This is the sixth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. The contents have been provided by researchers, engineers and analysts from all around the world. Topics covered include public sector activities, human factors and challenges, ethical, legal, energy and technology perspectives, vehicle systems development, as well as transportation infrastructure and planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium held on July 9-12, 2018 in San Francisco, CA (USA). "

"This Proceedings volume gathers outstanding papers submitted to the 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference & 2017 SAE-China Congress, the majority of which are from China – the largest car-maker as well as most dynamic car market in the world. The book covers a wide range of automotive topics, presenting the latest technical advances and approaches to help technicians solve the practical problems that most affect their daily work."

"These proceedings collect selected papers from the 8th International Conference on Green Intelligent Transportation Systems and Safety held in Changchun on July 1-2, 2017. The selected works, which include state-of-the-art studies, are intended to promote the development of green mobility and intelligent transportation technology to achieve interconnectivity, resource sharing, flexibility and higher efficiency. They offer valuable insights for researchers and engineers in the fields of Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering, Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial and Systems Engineering, and Electrical Engineering."

"Providing a comprehensive overview of hot stamping (also known as ‘press hardening’), this book examines all essential aspects of this innovative metal forming method, and explores its various uses. It investigates hot stamping from both technological and business perspectives, and outlines potential future developments. Individual chapters explore topics such as the history of hot stamping, the state of the art, materials and processes employed, and how hot stamping is currently being used in the automotive industry to create ultra-high-strength steel components. Drawing on experience and expertise gathered from academia and industry worldwide, the book offers an accessible resource for a broad readership including students, researchers, vehicle manufacturers and metal forming companies."

"This volume of the Lecture Notes in Mobility series contains papers written by speakers at the 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) "Smart Systems for Clean, Safe and Shared Road Vehicles" that was held in Berlin, Germany in September 2018. The authors report about recent breakthroughs in electric and electronic components and systems, driver assistance, vehicle automation and electrification as well as data, clouds and machine learning. Furthermore, innovation aspects and impacts of connected and automated driving are covered. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in industry and academia, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students alike. "

"The book provides the essential features necessary to understand and apply the mathematical-mechanical characteristics and tools for vehicle dynamics including control mechanism. An introduction to passenger car modeling of different complexities provides the basics for the dynamical behavior and presents vehicle models later used for the application of control strategies. The presented modeling of the tire behavior, also for transient changes of the contact patch properties, shows the necessary mathematical descriptions used for the simulation of the vehicle dynamics. The introduction to control for cars and its extension to complex applications using e.g. observers and state estimators is a main part of the book. Finally the formulation of proper multibody codes for the simulation leads to the integration of all parts. Examples of simulations and corresponding test verifications show the profit of such a theoretical support for the investigation of the dynamics of passenger cars."

"ABSTRAKSelama beberapa dekade, trasportasi digunakan untuk memindahkan orang atau barang dari titik A ke B. Ada beberapa jenis transportasi yang digunakan hingga sekarang, dan salah satunya adalah mobil. Kendaraan ini adalah salah satu yang paling populer karena simple, efisien, dan cukup untuk berpergian dengan jarak yang jauh. Angka populasi mobil terus meningkat setaip tahunya sehingga tidak ada ruang yang cukup untuk bias menampung banyaknya mobil dengan situasi jalanan yang sudah ada, dan dari masalah itu meciptakan kemacetan. Kendaraan mobil ini terus berkembang setiap tahunya dan selalu menambahkan fitur serta teknologi yang terbaru yang membuat pengunanya merasa lebih nyaman, tetapi tidak memecahkan masalah kemacetan, kecuali mobil ini bias terbang. Mengkaitkan ilmu kerdirgantaraan dan otomotif adalah ruang yang cukup besar untuk di satukan, dan memiliki keterbatasan, tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk membuat mobil terbang. Mekanisme pelipatan bias digunakan sebelum mobil terbang bias digunakan di jalanan umum. Stuktur dasar sepanjang 4m dari sayap mobil terbang dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yang berbeda untuk mencapai posisi terakhir pelipatan di bodi mobil. Total berat mekanisme pelipatan sayap beserta struktur dasar sayap dengan material AL707T6 adalah 53,11 kg dan berat kosong pada bodi adalah 700kg.

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ABSTRACTOver the decades, transportation was used in order to move a person or an object from point A to B. There are few types of transportation has been used until now, one of them is Car. Is one of the most popular transportation because is simple, efficient, and enough to travel with distance. Over the year the number of cars is keep increasing, according to the population of car, there is no more room on the road to line up the car while driving and simply create a traffic jam. By the time goes, the car itself is keep improving with new technology and features that makes the user more comfortable while riding it, but it does not solve the traffic jam problem unless the car is flying. Involving the aerospace engineering into the automotive industry is one big gap and has many limitations, but it does not rule out the possibility to make a flying car. The mechanism can be used to fold the wing before the car is used on the regular street. The basic wing structure with 4m length has been divided into three different section in order to achieve a final position on the fuselage. The total weight of folding mechanism including the basic wing structure using AL707T6 material is 53,11kg and the empty weight of the fuselage is 700kg."

"Autonomous car atau kendaraan tanpa awak merupakan salah satu bagian dari sistem transportasi cerdas yang kelak akan digunakan. Kendaraan tanpa awak memungkinkan kendaraan dapat bergerak dan mengontrol dirinya secara mandiri tanpa bantuan manusia. Salah satu fitur yang paling penting pada kendaraan tanpa awak adalah sistem navigasi. Beragam sistem navigasi yang sudah berkembang ialah metode SLAM dengan LiDAR, penggunaan odometer, ataupun dengan sensor GPS dan gyroscope. Namun, metode-metode tersebut masih perlu pengaturan ulang (tuning) dan penentuan trajectory yang masih dilakukan manual. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengembangan sehingga sistem navigasi kendaraan otonomus yang terhubung dengan sistem pemetaan. Pada penelitian ini, diujicobakan sebuah sistem yang mengintegrasikan antara GPS, Google Maps, dan sensor vision sehingga kendaraan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan trajectory yang mudah diatur. Sensor GPS dan Google Maps akan bekekerja sama untuk melakukan mapping lokasi dan mengatur tujuan perjalanan. Sedangkan sensor vision yang menggunakan kamera akan berfungsi sebagai pengatur kesesuaian jalan dengan marka jalan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa keberhasilan pendeteksian jalan mencapai 93,37 %, ketepatan Google Maps dalam mengenali jalan 97,54 % dengan rata-rata kecepata 0,2205 detik, serta kecepatan pemrosesan pembuatan trajectory adalah 0,155 detik.

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Autonomous cars or unmanned vehicles are one part of the intelligent transportation system that will be used in the future. Unmanned vehicles allow vehicles to move and control themselves independently without human assistance. One of the most important features of unmanned vehicles is the navigation system. Various navigation systems that have been developed are the SLAM method with LiDAR, the use of an odometer, or GPS and gyroscope sensors. However, these methods still need tuning and trajectory determination is still done manually. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an autonomous vehicle navigation system that is connected to the mapping system. In this research, a system that integrates GPS, Google Maps, and vision sensors is tested so that the vehicle can run according to a manageable trajectory. GPS sensors and Google Maps will work together to map locations and set travel destinations. While the vision sensor that uses a camera will function as a regulator of road conformity with road markings. The results of this study found that the success of road detection reached 93.37%, the accuracy of Google Maps in recognizing roads was 97.54% with an average speed of 0.2205 seconds, and the processing speed of making trajectories was 0.155 seconds."

"ABSTRAKTeknik yang digunakan untuk Sistem Pemantau Lalu Lintas pada masa sekarangini banyak tergantung pada sensor-sensor yang mempunyai kemampuan yangterbatas, kurang fleksibel, dan seringkali mahal dan sulit untuk dipasang.Penggunaan kamera digabungkan dengan teknologi Computer Vision menjadialternatif yang menarik dari sensor yang ada saat ini. Sensor berbasis kamera inimempunyai potensi yang lebih besar untuk mengamati kondisi lalu lintas yangada dibanding sensor konvensional saat ini yaitu sensor ini lebih murah danmudah untuk dipasang.Di dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan sistem pemantaulalu lintas menggunakan metode Optical Flow dan Gaussian Mixture Model.Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan handycam, berlokasi di salah satu tol dalamkota Jakarta. Kondisi pengambilan gambar adalah pada kondisi yang berbedabedayaitu pada saat pagi, siang, dan sore, cuaca cerah, dan mendung, sertakondisi arus lalu lintas padat dan lancar. Setelah pengujian dilakukan, algoritmaOptical Flow memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan algoritma GaussianMixture Model yaitu dengan akurasi mencapai 92% dibanding Gaussian yanghanya mencapai 72%. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat akurasi adalahkondisi waktu, cuaca, dan arus kendaraan serta lokasi pengambilan gambar.

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AbstractCurrent techniques for Sistem Pemantau Lalu Lintas rely on sensors which havelimited capabilities, inflexible and often, costly and disruptive to be installed.Video camera, coupled with Computer Vision techniques offers an attractivealternative to current sensors which is portable and low cost . In this research, atraffic monitoring system using handy camera is developed using Optical Flowand Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) methods. The experiment took place in oneof the Jakarta city highway. The condition of the experiment is when the time is inthe morning, afternoon, evening, when it is clear, and cloudy, and also when thetraffic is light and heavy. The experiments shows that Optical Flow algorithmgives better results regarding to accuracy rate, better than Gaussian MixtureModel Algorithm. The Optical Flow reach 92% accuracy while Gaussian Mixtureonly got to 72% accuracy. Some factors that influenced the accuracy rate of thesystem are time, weather, traffic and location."