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"Deteksi dini gagal jantung (GJ) penting untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan, kematian dan rawat ulang, terutama pada era pandemi COVID-19. Kecerdasan buatan berdasarkan data ekokardiografi berpotensi mempermudah identifikasi GJ, tetapi tingkat kesahihan belum diketahui. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan model Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) dengan metode deep learning menggunakan algoritme visual geometry group (VGG)-16 untuk menilai validitas model kecerdasan buatan dalam deteksi GJ dan membedakan jenis GJ dengan atau tanpa penurunan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (FEVKi) di berbagai alat ekokardiografi. Penelitian uji diagnostik ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dibagi dua fase yaitu fase pertama populasi pasien normal dan GJ dengan atau tanpa FEVKi menurun di RS Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dan fase kedua di 10 RS jejaring pada bulan Januari 2020–Maret 2022. Pada fase pertama dilakukan analisis 141 rekaman video ekokardiografi dan fase kedua dianalisis 685 video meliputi tampilan apical 4 chamber (A4C), apical 2 chamber (A2C), dan parasternal long axis (PLAX). Dataset setiap fase dibagi untuk melatih (tahap training) dan menguji (tahap testing) model LIFES dalam membedakan dua kelas diagnosis (GJ dan individu normal) dan tiga kelas diagnosis (GJ dengan FEVKi menurun, GJ dengan FEVKi terjaga, dan individu normal). Pada fase 1 performa terbaik model LIFES dalam membedakan dua kelas ditunjukkan pada tampilan A2C dengan skor F1 0,94 dan area under the curve (AUC) 0,93. Klasifikasi tiga kelas terbaik ditunjukkan pada tampilan A2C dengan F1 0,78 dan AUC 0,83 sampai 0,92. Pada fase 2 klasifikasi dua kelas terbaik ditunjukkan oleh tampilan PLAX dengan skor F1 mencapai 0,93 dan AUC 0,91. Klasifikasi tiga kelas terbaik ditunjukkan pada tampilan PLAX dengan F1 0,82 dan AUC berkisar dari 0,91 hingga 0,94. Waktu pemrosesan model LIFES sekitar 0,15 sampai 0,19 detik untuk memprediksi satu sampel. Disimpulkan model LIFES berfungsi baik untuk deteksi dini GJ sesuai konsensus ahli, sekaligus dapat membedakan jenis GJ dengan atau tanpa FEVKi menurun pada berbagai mesin ekokardiografi.

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Early detection of heart failure (HF) is important to reduce morbidity, mortality, and re-hospitalization, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Artificial intelligence based on echocardiographic data has the potential to facilitate the identification of HF, but the level of validity is unknown. Therefore, Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) model was developed with a deep learning method using the visual geometry group (VGG)-16 algorithm to assess the validity of the artificial intelligence model in the detection of HF and distinguish the type of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved in left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) in various echocardiographic devices. This diagnostic test study used a cross-sectional design, which was divided into two phases, namely the population of normal and HFrEF or HFpEF patients at the Harapan Kita National Heart Center Hospital and ten network hospitals from January 2020 to March 2022. In the first phase, 141 echocardiographic video recordings were analyzed and in the second phase, 685 videos were analyzed, including apical-4 chamber (A4C), apical-2 chamber (A2C), and parasternal-longaxis (PLAX) displays. The dataset for each phase was divided between training and testing the LIFES model in distinguishing two-diagnostic classes (HF and normal individuals) and three-diagnostic classes (HFrEF, HFpEF, and normal individuals). In phase 1, the best performance of the LIFES model in distinguishing the two classes is shown on the A2C display with an F1 score of 0.94 and an area under the curve (AUC) 0.93. The best three-class classifications are shown on the A2C display with an F1 of 0.78 and an AUC of 0.83 to 0.92. In phase 2, the best twoclass classifications are shown by the PLAX display with F1 scores reaching 0.93 and AUC 0.91. he best three-class classifications are shown on the PLAX display, with an F1 of 0.82 and an AUC ranging from 0.91 to 0.94. The

processing time of the LIFES model is about 0.15 to 0.19 seconds to predict a single sample. It is concluded that the LIFES model works well for the early detection of HF, according to expert consensus while at the same time being able to distinguish the type of HF (HFrEF or HFpEF) on various echocardiographic machines."

"Latar Belakang : Deteksi infark pada populasi sindroma koroner akut non elevasi segmen ST (SKA-NEST) pada praktik klinis sulit dan menyebabkan kegagalan stratifikasi risiko yang tepat. Pemeriksaan enzim jantung tidak tersedia secara luas, memiliki waktu tunggu yang lama, dan membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit.Tujuan : Mengetahui akurasi dasar dan akurasi paska training kecerdasan buatan Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) dalam mendeteksi infark miokard pada populasi SKA-NEST berdasarkan gambaran ekokardiografiMetode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi diagnostik yang mengevaluasi kemampuan kecerdasan buatan berbasis deep learning LIFES dalam mendeteksi infark miokard pada pasien SKA-NEST di RSJPDHK pada tahun 2019-2023 berdasarkan gambaran ekokardiografi. Dilakukan transfer learning menggunakan dataset penelitian dan cross validation untuk mengetahui tingkat akurasi model baru paska transfer learning.Hasil : Sebanyak 721 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dari tahun 2019-2023. 310 diantaranya adalah pasien infark miokard non elevasi segmen ST (IMA-NEST). Sebanyak 67,8 % subjek adalah laki-laki dengan median usia 61 tahun. Median waktu dilakukan ekokardiografi dari admisi adalah tiga hari. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada beberapa parameter ekokardiografi pada kelompok infark vs non infark berupa median FEVKi 53% vs 63 % (p < 0,001), median LVEDD 48,8 mm vs 44,6 mm (p < 0,001), median rerata E/E’ 12,0 vs 9,8 (p < 0,001) dan median LAVI 30 ml/m2 vs 26 ml/m2 (p < 0,001). Performa diagnostik LIFES terhadap infark didapatkan paling baik pada tampilan PLAX dengan sensitivitas 88,7 % dan spesifisitas 20,4 % AUC 0,55 pada LIFES fase 2 model 1. Paska transfer learning, model LIFES-MI menghasilkan akurasi terbaik pada tampilan A4C dengan sensitivitas 41,3 % dan spesifisitas 83,7% AUC 0,61.Kesimpulan Model kecerdasan buatan LIFES fase 2 model 1 memiliki sensitivitas yang baik untuk deteksi infark miokard, sedangkan model LIFES-MI memiliki spesifisitas yang baik dalam mendeteksi infark miokard berdasarkan gambaran ekokardiografi pada populasi SKA-NEST.

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Background: Detecting myocardial infarction in the non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) population in clinical practice is challenging and leads to failure in appropriate risk stratification. Cardiac enzyme assays are not widely available, have long waiting times, and incur significant costs.

Objective: To determine the baseline accuracy and post-training accuracy of the Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) artificial intelligence in detecting myocardial infarction in the NSTEACS population based on echocardiographic findings.

Method: This study is a diagnostic study that evaluates the ability of deep learning-based artificial intelligence LIFES in detecting myocardial infarction in NSTEACS patients at RSJPDHK from 2019 to 2023 based on echocardiographic videos.. Transfer learning was performed using the research dataset and cross-validation to determine the accuracy level of the new model post-transfer learning.

Results: A total of 721 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2019 to 2023. Among them, 310 were non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. 67.8% of the subjects were male with a median age of 61 years. The median time from admission to echocardiography was three days. There were significant differences in several echocardiographic parameters between the infarct and non-infarct groups, including median EF% 53% vs 63% (p < 0.001), median LVEDD 48.8 mm vs 44.6 mm (p < 0.001), median mean E/E' 12.0 vs 9.8 (p < 0.001), and median LAVI 30 ml/m2 vs 26 ml/m2 (p < 0.001). LIFES diagnostic performance for infarction was best achieved in the PLAX view with sensitivity of 88.7% and specificity of 20.4%, AUC 0.55 in LIFES phase 2 model 1. Post-transfer learning, the LIFES-MI model produced the best accuracy in the A4C view with sensitivity of 41.3% and specificity of 83.7%, AUC 0.61.

Conclusion: The Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) phase 2 model 1 has good sensitivity for detecting myocardial infarction, while the LIFES-MI model has good specificity in detecting myocardial infarction based on echocardiographic findings in the NSTEACS population."

"Echocardiography in Heart Failure - a volume in the exciting new Practical Echocardiography Series edited by Dr. Catherine M. Otto - provides practical, how-to guidance on effectively applying echocardiography to evaluate heart failure, make therapeutic decisions, and monitor therapy. Definitive, expert instruction from Drs. Martin St. John Sutton and Denise Wiegers is presented in a highly visual, case-based approach that facilitates understanding and equips you to accurately apply this technique while avoiding any potential pitfalls. Access the full text online at www.expertconsult.com al."

"Latar belakang: Pasien gagal jantung dengan penurunan fraksi ejeksi memiliki angka readmisi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan fraksi ejeksi normal, dan angka readmisi paling tinggi pada 30-hari pertama pascakeluar admisi sebelumnya. Sekitar 30% pasien dengan gagal jantung juga mengalami Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe-2. Sejauh ini, belum ada prediktor kejadian readmisi dalam 30-hari pada pasien dengan populasi tersebut di RSJPDHK, khususnya prediktor dari sisi klinis dan metabolik.Tujuan: Mengetahui prediktor klinis dan metabolik terhadap kejadian readmisi dalam 30-hari pada pasien Gagal Jantung Dekompensasi Akut (GJDA) dengan penurunan fraksi ejeksi dan DM tipe-2.Metode: Studi dilakukan secara kohort retrospektif, data diambil dari rekam medis berdasarkan admisi pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi antara Januari 2016-Januari 2021. Luaran klinis terbagi menjadi kelompok readmisi dan kelompok non-readmisi. Luaran klinis yang dinilai adalah kejadian readmisi akibat perburukan kondisi gagal jantung pada 30-hari pascaadmisi terakhir di RSJPDHK. Dilakukan analisis multivariat untuk menentukan prediktor yang bermakna menentukan readmisi dalam 30-hariHasil: Dari total 747 subjek penelitian, 179 subjek termasuk ke dalam kelompok readmisi, dan 568 subjek termasuk ke dalam kelompok non-readmisi (angka readmisi 24%). Analisis regresi logistik multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian readmisi dalam 30-hari adalah: irama fibrilasi atrium (OR 2.616; 95% IK: 1.604-4.267; p 0.000), serta denyut jantung saat pulang rawat (OR 1.022; 95% IK: 1.005-1.039; p 0.010). Kadar gula darah post-prandial < 140 mg/dL menjadi prediktor protektif untuk kejadian readmisi dalam 30-hari (OR 0.528; 95% IK: 0.348-0.802; p 0.003).Kesimpulan: Dua faktor klinis yaitu irama fibrilasi atrium dan denyut jantung saat akhir masa rawat menjadi prediktor readmisi yang bermakna terhadap kejadian readmisi dalam 30-hari akibat perburukan kondisi gagal jantung, sedangkan kadar gula darah post-prandial < 140 mg/dL menjadi faktor protektif untuk kejadian readmisi 30-hari pada populasi pasien gagal jantung dengan penurunan fraksi ejeksi dan DM tipe-2.

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Background: Patients Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) had higher readmission rates than normal ejection fractions, and readmission rates were highest in the first 30-days post-admission. About 30% of patients with heart failure also have Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). So far, there is no predictors for the incidence of 30-days readmission in patients with this kind of population in National Cardiovascular Centre Harapan Kita (NCCHK).

Objective: To determine the clinical and metabolic predictors of 30-days readmission in patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) with reduced ejection fraction and type-2 DM.

Methods: The study was conducted in a retrospective-cohort, data were taken from medical records based on admissions of patients who met the inclusion criteria between January 2016-January 2021. The clinical outcomes were divided into readmission and non-readmission groups. The clinical outcome assessed was the incidence of readmission due to worsening of the condition of heart failure at 30-days after the last admission at NCCHK. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine significant predictors for 30-day readmission.

Result: Of the total 747 research subjects, 179 subjects were included in the readmission group, and 568 subjects included in the non-readmission group (readmission rate 24%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated at 30-days readmission were: atrial fibrillation rhythm (OR 2.616; 95% CI: 1.604-4,267; p 0.000), heart rate at discharge (OR 1.022; 95% CI: 1.005-1.039; p 0.010). Post-prandial blood glucose level < 140 mg/dL was a protective predictor for 30-day readmission (OR 0.528; 95% CI: 0.348-0.802; p 0.003).

Conclusions: Two clinical factors, namely atrial fibrillation and heart rate at the end of hospitalization, were significant predictors of readmission in 30 days due to worsening of heart failure, while postprandial blood sugar levels < 140 mg/dL were protective factors for 30-days readmission in population of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and type-2 DM."

"This book is a practical guide to the use of TEE (transoesophageal echocardiography) in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). Beginning with an introduction to TEE for CHD, the following chapters describe procedures to be used for different cardiac conditions. 3D TEE allowing multi-dimensional perspectives is also covered."

"Fetal Heart Ultrasound, now in its second edition, has been written as a practical guide for the ultrasound examination of the fetal heart. The fetal heart is considered to be the most important and difficult part of a fetal examination. This book aims not only to clarify and simplify the approach to this examination, but also to define what a normal fetal heart should be, and underline just why this organ remains one of the best warning signs for fetal pathology. It will be useful to trainee and practicing ultrasonographers, ultrasound departments providing obstetric ultrasound services, and obstetricians, gynecologists, radiologists and midwives undertaking course in fetal ultrasonography."

"Paralisis diafragma pasca operasi penyakit jantung bawaan dapat meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbitas pasien. Penegakkan diagnosa kelainan ini menjadi kunci untuk pengambilan keputusan tindak lanjut seperti plikasi diafragma. Fluoroskopi sebagai baku emas memiliki keterbatasan untuk dilakukan pada pasien pasca operasi penyakit jantung bawaan. Dari 2.287 operasi penyakit jantung yang dilakukan di RSJPDHK terdapat 41 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Median usia pasien 10 (1-119) bulan dan 43,9% berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jenis operasi yang dijalani. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas USG diafragma dibandingkan fluoroskopi pada subjek penelitian sebesar 100%(95%CI 82,35%-100%) untuk sensitivitas, dan 95.5%(95% CI 77,16%-99,88%) untuk spesifisitas. Lebih lanjut dilakukan perhitungan nilai prediksi positif dengan hasil 95%(95%CI 73,68%-99,27%) dan nilai prediksi negatif 100% (95% CI 83,89%-100%). Ultrasonografi memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang baik dibandingkan fluoroskopi sebagai metode diagnostik pada populasi dengan kecurigaan paralisis diafragma pasca operasi penyakit jantung bawaan dengan sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 95.5%.

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Diaphragmatic paralysis after congenital heart disease surgery can increase patient mortality and morbidity. Establishing a diagnosis of this disorder is key for making follow-up decisions such as diaphragm plication. Fluoroscopy as the gold standard has limitations for performing post-surgical patients with congenital heart disease.This study is a comparative diagnostic study that evaluates the ability of diaphragmatic ultrasound to diagnose diaphragmatic paralysis in patients with suspected diaphragmatic paralysis after surgery for congenital heart disease at RSJPDHK from June 2022 to May 2024. Each diaphragmatic ultrasound result was recorded and compared with the findings on fluoroscopy examination. Of the 2,287 heart surgery performed at RSJPDHK, there were 41 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median patient age was 10 (1-119) months and 43.9% were male. There are significant differences in the type of surgery undertaken. From the calculation results, it was found that the sensitivity and specificity of diaphragm ultrasound compared to fluoroscopy in research subjects was 100% (95% CI 82.35% - 100%) for sensitivity, and 95.5% (95% CI 77.16% - 99.88%) for specificity. Furthermore, the positive predictive value was calculated with results of 95% (95% CI 73.68%-99.27%) and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 83.89%-100%). Ultrasonography has good sensitivity and specificity compared to fluoroscopy as a diagnostic method in the population with suspected diaphragmatic paralysis after surgery for congenital heart disease with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95.5%."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan. Studi ini merupakan studi ultrasonografi untuk menilai efektivitas proyeksi lateral dekubitus dibandingkan dengan proyeksi pronasi dengan atau tanpa manuver dorsofleksi dalam mendiagnosis plantar fasciitis.Metode. 45 pasien yang terdiri atas 12 pasien memiliki keluhan di kedua kaki, 6 pasien memiliki keluhan di kaki kanan dan 15 pasien di kaki kiri. Pengukuran tebal fasia plantaris menggunakan proyeksi sagital di mana fasia plantaris melewati aspek anterior dari batas inferior tulang kalkaneus.Hasil. Tidak terdapat korelasi hasil pengukuran ketebalan fasia plantaris antara posisi lateral dekubitus dan posisi pronasi dengan dorsofleksi (p=0,008) dan terdapat korelasi hasil antara posisi lateral dekubitus dan posisi pronasi tanpa dorsofleksi (p=0,064) pada kelompok plantar fasciitis. Posisi lateral dekubitus pada plantar fasciitis memiliki peningkatan rata-rata ketebalan fasia plantaris dibandingkan dengan posisi pronasi.Kesimpulan. Posisi pronasi merupakan teknik yang umum dipakai dalam menilai plantar fasciitis, namun demikian proyeksi lateral dekubitus dapat menjadi teknik yang efektif dan memberikan kenyamanan bagi pasien plantar fasciitis dengan beberapa kondisi tertentu yang tentunya akan berguna bagi ahli radiologi dalam menjalankan praktek klinik.

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ABSTRACTObjective. The purpose of this ultrasound study was to investigate the efficacy ofdecubitus lateral projection compared with prone projection and with or without dorsiflexion ankle maneuver in the detection of plantar fasciitis.Methods. Fourty-five patients with right unilateral (n=6), left unilateral (n=15) and bilateral (n=12) heel pain andfourty-four age and sex matched healthy subjects were studied. Sagittal imaging of the plantar fascia was performed and its thickness was measured on both technic at a point where the plantar fascia crosses the anterior aspect of the inferior border of the calcaneus.Result. There is no correlation was found between decubitus lateral projection and prone projection with dorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,008) and there is a correlation was found between decubitus lateral projection and prone projection without dorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,064)on plantar fasciitis group. Compared with the prone projection, patients with decubitus lateral projection had increases in plantar fascia thicknesses.Conclusions. Prone projection is the common technic in the assessment of plantar fasciitis, however decubitus lateral projections can also serves as an effective technic and comfortable position that can be used at plantar fasciitis patients with specific conditions which may be very useful for the radiologist in clinical practice., Objective. The purpose of this ultrasound study was to investigate the efficacy ofdecubituslateral projection compared with prone projection and with or without dorsiflexion anklemaneuver in the detection of plantar fasciitis. Methods. Fourty-five patients with right unilateral (n=6), left unilateral (n=15) and bilateral(n=12) heel pain andfourty-four age and sex matched healthy subjects were studied. Sagittalimaging of the plantar fascia was performed and its thickness was measured on both technic at apoint where the plantar fascia crosses the anterior aspect of the inferior border of the calcaneus. Result. There is no correlation was found between decubitus lateral projection and proneprojection with dorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,008) and there is acorrelation was found between decubitus lateral projection and prone projection withoutdorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,064)on plantar fasciitis group.Compared with the prone projection, patients with decubitus lateral projection had increases inplantar fascia thicknesses. Conclusions. Prone projection is the common technic in the assessment of plantar fasciitis,however decubitus lateral projections can also serves as an effective technic and comfortableposition that can be used at plantar fasciitis patients with specific conditions which may be veryuseful for the radiologist in clinical practice.]"

"Latar belakang: Penurunan curah jantung merupakan masalah yang penting dalam penatalaksanaan pasca-bedah jantung terbuka karena penurunan curah jantung ini meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Modalitas untuk pemantauan curah jantung bergeser dari invasif ke non-invasif. Alat ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) dan ekokardiografi menjadi alat baru yang non-invasif. Bila dibandingkan dengan alat ekokardiografi yang membutuhkan keahlian khusus, alat USCOM dapat dijadikan alat pengukuran indeks curah jantung alternatif secara intermiten oleh tenaga medis terlatih.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil pengukuran indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan pintasan jantung paru.Metode: Studi potong lintang (cross sectional) pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan PJP dengan metode pengukuran simultan indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dan ekokardiografi di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, dari bulan Juni-Juli 2014.Hasil: Tiga belas pasien yang menjalani bedah jantung terbuka berhasil diukur dengan alat USCOM dan ekokardiografi secara simultan. Subyek terdiri atas 8 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan dengan median usia 3 tahun (1-12 tahun). Median berat badan, tinggi badan, dan luas permukaan tubuh berturut-turut 11 kg (5,5-29 kg), 82 cm (63-133 cm), dan 0,53 m2 (0,32- 0,98 m2). Diagnosis terbanyak berturut-turut adalah tetralogi Fallot (5 subyek), defek septum ventrikel (3 subyek), dan DORV (2 subyek). Pada analisis Bland-Altman indeks curah jantung yang diukur dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi didapatkan perbedaan rerata sebesar 0,115 L/menit/m2 (IK95% -0,536 hingga 0,766) dan batas kesesuaian -3,616 hingga 3,846 L/menit/m2. Hasil tambahan penelitian ini berupa perbedaan rerata indeks isi sekuncup 0,03 mL/m2 (IK95% -5,002 hingga 5,065) dan batas kesesuaian -28,822 hingga 28,885 mL/m2. Perbedaan rerata diameter LVOT -0,017 cm (IK95% -0,098 hingga 0,064) dan batas kesesuaian -0,285 hingga 0,251 cm. Perbedaan rerata nilai VTI didapatkan sebesar -2,991 cm (IK95% -4,670 hingga -1,311) dan batas kesesuaian -12,616 hingga 6,635 cm.Kesimpulan: Pengukuran indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan PJP didapatkan perbedaan rerata kedua pengukuran kecil dan batas kesesuaian 95% yang lebar. Pada pengukuran indeks curah jantung yang makin rendah, perbedaan atau selisih rerata semakin kecil dan memiliki kesesuaiannya lebih baik.

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Background: Low cardiac output is important problem in post-open heart surgery management because this condition increase morbidity and mortality. Modality of cardiac output monitoring shifted from invasive to non-invasive. Ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) and echocardiography are new non-invasive tools. Echocardiography needs special skill, but USCOM can used by trained user because of fast learning curve of skill.Objectives: To determine the agreement of cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography in children after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods: Cross sectional study using simultaneous measurement of cardiac index by USCOM and echocardiography on post-open heart surgery patient in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, from Juni-Juli 2014.Results: Thirteen post-open heart surgery of pediatric patient were enrolled (8 male and 5 female, median of age 3 years old (1-12 years old). Median of body weight, height, and body surface area respectively were 11 kg (5,5-29 kg), 82 cm (63-133 cm), dan 0,53 m2 (0,32-0,98 m2). Diagnosis of patient were tetralogi Fallot (5 subject), ventricular septal defect (3 subject), dan double outlet right ventricle (2 subject). This study using Bland-Altman analysis of cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography. Mean bias was 0,115 L/minute/m2 (95%CI -0,536 to 0,766) and limit of agreement was -3,616 to 3,846 L/minute/m2. Secondary outcome of this study was mean bias of stroke volume index 0,03 mL/m2 (95%CI -5,002 to 5,065) and limit of agreement was -28,822 to 28,885 mL/m2. Mean bias of LVOT diameter was -0,017 cm (95%CI -0,098 to 0,064) and limit of agreement was -0,285 to 0,251 cm. Mean bias of VTI was -2,991 cm (95%CI -4,670 to -1,311) and limit of agreement -12,616 to 6,635 cm.Conclusion: Cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography in children after open heart surgery has narrow mean bias and wide limit of agreement. Mean bias was narrower and good agreement in patient with low cardiac index."

"PENDAHULUANNodul dingin soliter kelenjar tiroid adalah nodul yang pada pemeriksaan sidik tiroid (scintigrafi) tidak atau kurang menangkap zat radioaktif dibandingkan jaringan tiroid sekitarnya ( 5 ). Apabila pada sidik tiroid dijumpai adanya nodul dingin yang soliter maka harus dilakukan penilaian lebih lanjut karena mempunyai peluang keganasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nodal-nodul lain yang terjadi pada Kelenjar tiroid (4, 0). Beberapa pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk menelusuri hal seperti biopsi terbuka, biopsi jarum besar, biopsy jarum halus, dan USG ( 4, 10, 20 ). Beberapa penulis telah melaporkan akurasi biopsi jarum halus dalam membedakan jinak dengan ganas. Waifish, dKK. mendapatkan antara 88% - 95% ( 20 ), Budisantoso R mendapatkan 100%, sedangkan Djoko Mulyanto mendapat lebih dari 70% (14). Pemeriksaan USG relatif merupakan pemeriksaan yang masih baru, tidak invasif dan tanpa persiapan. Makalah ini akan mengemukakan hasil pengamatan pemeriksaan USG pada nodul dingin soliter dihubungkan dengan gambaran histologiknya. "