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"Belowground modification of soil microbial community by invasive plants is well evident. Similar instances of Ageratina adenophora invasion have been reported. This study was aimed to determine the effect of A. adenophora invasion on species richness, species or community composition and occurrence frequency of soil fungi. These parameters were analyzed using culture method on invaded and uninvaded soils. Species richness of soil fungi was lower in the A. adenophora invaded soil compared to the uninvaded soil. The occurrence frequency of particular fungi was different for those two soil conditions. A. adenophora also altered soil fungi species composition in the invaded soil by replacing saprophytic fungi and accumulating pathogenic fungi. Thus, A. adenophora is associated to lower species richness of saprophytic soil fungi and high occurrence frequency of pathogenic soil fungi. This study concluded that the invasive A. adenophora modifies belowground soil fungi communities as one of the mechanisms involved in the successful invasion of A. adenophora."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan kekritisan di DAS Toyoaning Kabupaten Kediri sebagai upaya konservasi daerah resapan air menggunakan metode Indeks Konservasi (IK), Rencana Teknik Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan Daerah Aliran Sungai (RTkRHL-DAS), dan Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis (SMCA) yang berbasis pada pembobotan. Hasil pemetaan dari masing-masing metode IK, RTkRHL-DAS dan SMCA dibandingkan dengan data lokasi kejadian bencana banjir, tanah longsor dan kekeringan untuk menilai akurasi dari masing-masing ketiga metode tersebut dalam mengidentifikasi kondisi daerah resapan air di DAS Toyoaning. Hasil pada metode IK menunjukkan bahwa 89% wilayah DAS Toyoaning berada pada kondisi kritis, kemudian pada metode RTkRHL-DAS menunjukkan jumlah luas daerah yang memiliki kondisi kritis dan sangat kritis adalah 78%, dan pada metode SMCA menunjukkan luas kondisi kritis 60%. Alih fungsi hutan lindung menjadi hutan produksi yang terjadi pada tahun 2017 diduga telah meningkatkan kekritisan DAS Toyoaning sehingga menurunkan kondisi konservasi DAS tersebut. Metode yang memiliki akurasi tertinggi dalam menilai kondisi resapan air DAS Toyoaning adalah metode IK.

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This study aims to mapping the criticality in the Toyoaning watershed of Kediri Regency as an effort to conserve water recharge areas using the Conservation Index (IK) method, the Forest and Land Rehabilitation Technical Plan (RTkRHL-DAS), and Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis (SMCA) based on weighting. The results of the mapping of each IK, RTkRHL-DAS and SMCA methods were compared with data on flood, landslide and drought disaster location data to assess the accuracy of each of the three methods in identifying the condition of the Toyoaning Watershed. The results of the IK method show that 89% of the Toyoaning watershed area is in critical condition, then in the RTkRHL-DAS method the total area of critical and very critical conditions is 78%, and in the SMCA method the area of critical condition is 60% . The conversion of the function of protected forest to production forest that occurred in 2017 is thought to have increased the criticality of the Toyoaning watershed, thereby reducing the watershed conservation conditions. The method that has the highest accuracy in assessing the water catchment conditions of the Toyoaning Watershed is the IK method."

"Seiring peningkatan kebutuhan infrastruktur yang maju disertai penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang berwawasan lingkungan, tidak dapat dihindari pembangunan konstruksi di atas lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa nilai CBR dan nilai DCP tanah gambut daerah Kecamatan Kayu Agung, Sumatera Selatan pada kondisi unsoaked, terhadap penambahan mikroorganisme selulolitik potensial asli. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan metode pencampuran secara konvensional dengan alat penyemprot dengan volume pencampuran (satuan liter) sebanyak 10% dari berat tanah (satuan kg). Setelah dilakukan fermentasi selama 30 dan 45 hari terjadi peningkatan nilai CBR unsoaked dan penurunan nilai DCP unsoaked dari kondisi asli namun perubahan yang terjadi tidak signifikan.

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Along with the increase of advanced infrastructure needs and application of green science and technology, constructions on peatland is undeniable. This research aims to increase CBR value and to decrease DCP value for improving support capability of peat soil. Addition of potential cellulolytic potential microorganisms is a kind of natural solution for faster improvement on mechanical property of peat soil.

In this research, the mixing is conventionally by using sprayer with microorganisms volume as much as 10% of soil mass (in litre unit). After fermentation of 30 and 45 days, it shows increase of CBR value and decrease of DCP value from its initial condition yet the results obtained is still in bad condition."

"Kebutuhan akan industri mikro semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga membutuhkan pengembangan dalam teknologi fabrikasinya,dengan biomachining menjadi salah satu alternatif yang low cost dan ramah lingkungan. Oksigen sangat berpengaruh terhadap metabolisme dari bakteri Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans sebagai cutting tool Biomachining. Pengaruhnya terlihat dari adanya perbedaan nilai material removal rate dalam setiap komposisi oksigen di setiap ketinggian penempatan sampel. Dengan demikian penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat signifikansi pengaruh tersebut dengan menyuplai udara dengan oksigen di dalamnya ke dalam proses dan melakukan karakterisasi terhadap proses biomachining dengan dan tanpa penambahan udara untuk melihat perbandingan pengaruhnya. Percobaan dilakukan dengan tiga ketinggian benda kerja yang berbeda dengan temperatur ruangan 23-25°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penambahan udara terhadap nilai MRR dengan kenaikan sebesar 350-400%. Selain itu ditemukan bahwa perbedaan ketinggian tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap perbedaan nilai MRR. Nilai Ra yang terukur dalam percobaan dengan penambahan udara memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dari nilai Ra tanpa penambahan udara dengan kecenderungan yang menurun seiring bertambahnya waktu pemesinan.

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Needs of micro product industry is increasing every year so the fabrication technology will need to be increased too with biomachining is one of the alternative that is low cost and environtmentally friendly. Oxygen has a big effect for metabolism of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans as biomachining cutting tool. The effect is seen in the difference value of Material Removal Rate in the difference composition of oxygen within the height of work piece's placement.

So this research is done to see how significant that effect by supplying air, with oxygen as its composition, to the process and do the characterization of biomachining process with and without the added air to see the comparison of the effect. The experiment is done with three different heights of work piece's placement and in the room temperature of 23-25°C.

The result shows that there is an effect of adding air to the value of material removal rate with the rise of 350- 400%. The difference of the height of work piece's effect has shown unsignificant effect to the performance of the bacteria. The measured Ra number of added air biomachining has a higher value than the Ra number of non added air with the trend of decreasing along with the increasing of machining time."

"Biomachining merupakan proses alternatif dalam fabrikasi mikro yang tergolong ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan bakteri sebagai cutting tool. Proses biomachining menghasilkan kualitas permukaan yang lebih baik karena tidak menghasilkan panas pada permukaan benda kerja dan berpotensi menghasilkan produk dengan skala mikro yang lebih kompleks. Dalam penelitian ini, proses biomachining mulai dikembangkan variasi teknologi pemakanan, yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan seberapa besar pengaruh pemberian potensial listrik DC terhadap kinerja bakteri Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NBRC 14262 yang bisa dilihat dari nilai material removal rate (MRR) dan dibandingkan dengan proses biomachining normal (tanpa perlakuan khusus). Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa MRR pada penambahan potensial listrik meningkat 15% pada waktu pemakanan 12 dan 24 jam, sedangkan pada waktu pemakanan 18 jam turun 15-20%.

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Biomachining is an alternative process in the micro-fabrication categorized as environmental friendly because it uses bacteria as a cutting tool. Biomachining process produces a better surface quality because it does not generate heat on the surface of the workpiece thatpotentially developedto producemore complex microproducts.In this study, the process was developed variations biomachining technology of material removal rate (MRR), which aims to prove how much of the effect of DC electric potential on the performance of the bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NBRC 14262 which can be seen from the value of material removal rate (MRR) and compared with normal biomachining process (without special treatment). The test results showed that the MRR on the potential addition of electricity increased by 15% at the time of removal 12 and 24 hours, while the removal at 18 hours down 15-20%."

"ABSTRACTNepenthes adalah salah satu genus tumbuhan yang memiliki karakter kunci identifikasi pada organ daun dan kantong sebagai modifikasi. Akan tetapi, luasnya variasi morfologi pada organ tersebut dalam satu spesies dan antar spesies dapat menyebabkan kesulitan dalam proses identifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menyediakan alternatif proses identifikasi melalui karakter anatomi. Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian disebabkan kurangnya data taksonomi terbaru spesies alami Nepenthes di sana. Lima spesies Nepenthes telah dikoleksi dari Danau Lingkat dan Danau Gunung Tujuh. Pengamatan helaian daun dan kantong dilakukan terpisah. Kantong dibelah menjadi bagian tutup kantong dan badan kantong, kemudian diamati menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Helaian daun dipisahkan menjadi sayatan paradermal dan transversal, didehidrasi menggunakan alkohol, dan diwarnai menggunakan safranin dan fast green. Sayatan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sebelas karakter pembeda antar spesies, yaitu penyebaran kelenjar digesti di pangkal kantong, bentuk kelenjar digesti di pangkal kantong, kerapatan kelenjar digesti di pangkal kantong, kerapatan stomata, panjang stomata, bentuk kelenjar sessile, kerapatan kelenjar sessile, distribusi trikom, ketebalan kutikula adaksial, ketebalan hipodermis adaksial, dan jumlah lapisan hipodermis adaksial. Selain itu, telah dilakukan pelengkapan data terhadap kelenjar nektar.

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ABSTRACTNepenthes is one of genera which have key characters on leaf and pitcher as modification. However, wide varieties of morphological features on pitcher intraspecies and between species could be tough for identification proccess. The objective was to provide alternative identification proccess by anatomical features. Kerinci Seblat National park were choosen because lack of update data on wild type Nepenthes there. Five Nepenthes were collected from Lingkat Lake and Gunung Tujuh Lake. Observation on leaves and pitcher divided to two different methods. Pitcher were separated into lid and body part, then observed by stereo microscop. Leaves were separated into paradermal and transversal slices, dehydrated used alcohol, and stained used safranin and fast green. Slices observed by light microscop. Result show there are eleven different characters between species, that rsquo s are digestive glands distribution on pitcher base, digestive glands shape on pitcher base, digestive glands density on pitcher base, stomatal density, stomatal length, sessile glands shape, sessile glands shape, trichoma distribution, adaxial cuticle thickness, adaxial hypodermal thickness, and amount of adaxial hipodermal layer. Besides, updating data on nectary glands has been done."