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"This book gathers the peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the European Working Group on Internal Erosion in Embankment Dams, Levees and Dikes, and their Foundations (EWG-IE), held in Milano, Italy, on 10-13 September 2018. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to soil internal erosion in water retaining structures. The contributions encompass various aspects of laboratory techniques and findings, modelling and design criteria as well as prevention measures and field assessment. The book is a valuable, up-to-date tool that provides an essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and inspires further investigations and research."

"This book describes the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of waste management and environmental geomechanics as presented by leading researchers, engineers and practitioners at the International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management through Design (IC_SWMD), held in Ludhiana (Punjab), India on November 2-3, 2018. Providing a unique overview of new directions, and opportunities for sustainable and resilient design approaches to protect infrastructure and the environment, it discusses diverse topics related to civil engineering and construction aspects of the resource management cycle, from the minimization of waste, through the eco-friendly re-use and processing of waste materials, the management and disposal of residual wastes, to water treatments and technologies. It also encompasses strategies for reducing construction waste through better design, improved recovery, re-use, more efficient resource management and the performance of materials recovered from wastes. The contributions were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process and highlight many exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different waste management specialists."

"Erosi yang terjadi di DAS Ci Tarum di Propinsi Jawa Barat terjadi sebagai akibat perubahan penggunaan lahan dan aktifitas manusia di lahan pertanian di wilayah aliran Ci Tarum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji distribusi erosi pada beberapa penggunaan lahan sehingga diketahui lokasi erosi terpusat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Persamaan Umum Kehilangan Tanah atau Universal Soil Lost Equation mengggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi untuk mempelajari distribusi erosi di DAS Ci Tarum yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor perubahan penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan teknik kuantitatif. Peubah yang digunakan yaitu laju erosi tahunan, penggunaan lahan, bentuk lahan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa distribusi erosi di DAS Ci Tarum pada tahun 1978 sampai tahun 2013 terpusat di wilayah dengan penggunaan lahan sawah irigasi 69.831 ton/tahun pada tahun 1978, 119.266 ton/tahun pada taun 2013. Sedangkan penggunaan lahan tanah terbuka dengan besar erosi pada tahun 1978 sebesar 12.724 ton/tahun, dan sebesar 26.583 ton/tahun pada tahun 2013.

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Erosion in the watershed Ci Tarum in West Java province occurred as a result of land use changes and human activities on agricultural land in the region of Ci Tarum flow. This study aims to assess the distribution of erosion on some land use in order to know the location of a centralized erosion.

The method used is Eq Public Land or Universal Soil Loss Equation Lost mengggunakan Geographical Information Systems to study the distribution of erosion in the watershed Ci Tarum are influenced by land use changes. This research is a quantitative research by using quantitative techniques. The variables used are the annual erosion rate, land use, land forms.

The study concluded that the distribution of erosion in the watershed Ci WTC in 1978 until 2013 centered in the region with the use of irrigated land 69 831 tonnes / year in 1978, 119 266 tonnes / year in 2013. While the epidemic of land use with a large open land erosion in 1978 amounted to 12.724 tonnes / year, and amounted to 26.583 tonnes / year in 2013."

"ABSTRAKErosi tanah di wilayah beriklim tropis dipicu oleh curah hujan baik secara spasial maupun temporal. Erodibilitas tanah berkaitan erat dengan jumlah dan intensitas hujan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola keterpaparan erosi akibat hujan menurut kondisi fisik wilayah. Data curah hujan harian tahun 2005-2016 digunakan untuk mendapatkan wilayah keterpaparan erosi yang diperoleh dari hasil scoring data berdasarkan frekuensi hari hujan FHH 5-10 mm/hari, FHH 11-25 mm/hari, FHH 26-50 mm/hari dan FHH >51mm/hari berbasis metode Thiessen. Validasi melalui survey lapang di 64 lokasi, dengan metode stratified sampling. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan teknik overlay peta keterpaparan erosi dengan variabel jenis tanah, lereng dan penggunaan tanah, selanjutnya dilakukan uji validasi untuk mengetahui jenis erosi di lokasi sampel. Luas wilayah keterpaparan erosi tingkat berat di Kabupaten Kulon Progo mencapai 314,98 km 53,7 . Keterpaparan erosi tingkat berat menurut kondisi fisik wilayah di Kulon Progo yaitu pada lereng 15-40 , dengan penggunaan tanah berupa tegalan dan jenis tanah Andisol. Pada wilayah keterpaparan erosi tingkat berat, didominasi oleh jenis erosi parit. Pada wilayah keterpaparan erosi tingkat sedang, didominasi oleh jenis erosi alur. Pada wilayah keterpaparan erosi tingkat ringan, didominasi oleh jenis erosi lembar.

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ABSTRACTSoil erosion in tropical climates is triggered by variations in both spatial and temporal rainfall. The soil erodibility is closely related to the amount and intensity of the rain that the frequency of occurrence varies spatially. The purpose of this research is to analyze rainfall erosion exposure pattern according to physical condition of region. The 2005 2016 daily rainfall data is used to obtain erosion exposure area obtained from scoring data based on 5 10 mm day rain frequency DRF , DRF 11 25 mm day, DRF 26 50 mm day and DRF 51mm day based on Thiessen method, validated through field survey at 64 locations, the location distribution was determined by stratified sampling method. Spatial analysis is done by overlay technique on the map of erosion exposure with variables soil type, slope, and land use, then validation test is done to determine the type of erosion at sample location. The area of heavy erosion exposure in Kulon Progo reached 314,98 km 53,7 . The exposure of heavy erosion according to the physical condition of the area in Kulon Progo is on the slope of 15 40 , with the moor as the land use and Andisol as the soil type. In areas of severe erosion exposure, erosion is dominated by the type of trench erosion. In areas of moderate erosion exposure, erosion is dominated by the type of flow erosion. In areas of mild erosion exposure, erosion is dominated by type of sheet erosion."

"Erosi sebagai salah satu dampak turunan dari perubahan iklim telah menciptakan krisis multidimensional, salah satunya keberlangsungan ekologis di daerah aliran sungai Tembesi. Tercatat sepanjang tahun 2020, setidaknya telah terjadi 83 kali kejadian bencana hidrometeorologis yang telah menimbulkan kerugian materil dan imateril. Pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai yang berkelanjutan telah menjadi salah satu fokus dalam studi ekologis. Salah satu metode yang dapat ditempuh adalah analisis karakteristik morfometri Daerah Aliran Sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis morfometrik guna memprioritaskan sub-DAS yang rentan terhadap erosi di DAS Tembesi, Provinsi Jambi. Variabel utama yang digunakan meliputi karakteristik morfometri, perubahan iklim yang direpresentasikan oleh curah hujan, dan tutupan lahan yang mencakup indeks vegetasi. Metode analisis mencakup pemeringkatan fitur indikator sampai dengan weighted sum analysis (WSA). Mengenai karakteristik morfometri, hasil penelitian menunjukkan keseragaman dalam aspek areal di DAS Tembesi. Adapun, penelitian menunjukkan prioritisasi sub-DAS berada pada tingkat “Sedang“ atau sejumlah 41% dari 13.260 km2 luas keseluruhan wilayah. Hal ini menunjukkan urgensi untuk melakukan pengelolaan DAS Tembesi secara komprehensif dan berkelanjutan guna meminimalisir dampak erosi, terutama di wilayah hilir.

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Erosion as one of the derivative impacts of climate change has created a multidimensional crisis, one of which is ecological sustainability in the Tembesi Watershed. Recorded throughout 2020, at least 83 hydrometeorological disasters have occurred which caused material and immaterial losses. Sustainable watershed management is one of the focuses in ecological studies. One of the ways that can be taken is by analyzing the morphometric characteristics of the watershed. This study aims to conduct morphometric analysis to prioritize sub-watersheds that are vulnerable to erosion in the Tembesi watershed, Jambi Province. The main variables used include morphometric characteristics, climate change represented by rainfall, and vegetation cover which includes vegetation index. The analysis method used includes ranking of indicator features to weighted sum analysis (WSA). Regarding morphometric characteristics, the results showed uniformity in terms of area in the Tembesi watershed. Meanwhile, the results showed that the priority of sub-watersheds was at the "Moderate" level or 41% of the total area of 13,260 km2. This shows the urgency to conduct comprehensive and sustainable management of the Tembesi watershed to minimize the impact of erosion, especially in the downstream area."

"Di daerah tropik basah seperti Indonesia, erosi adalah salah satu faktor yang cukup dominan dalam menurunkan produktivitas lahan. Mengetahui besarnya erosi baik potensial maupun aktual sangat penting untuk merencanakan pembangunan pertanian dan kegiatan konservasi. Mengukur erosi pada skala yang luas dengan keadaan yang beragam, selain sangat sulit juga memerlukan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang mahal. Oleh karena itu prediksi erosi adalah salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui bahaya erosi. Metode prediksi erosi yang digunakan adalah metode Geospatial of Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP). Besaran erosi dan hasil sedimen hasil simulasi GeoWEPP adalah sebesar 18543,7 ton/tahun atau 41,3 ton/ha/tahun untuk erosi dan untuk laju hasil sedimen adalah sebesar 124,7 ton/ha/tahun. Hasil korelasi statistik dengan metode pearson product momen didapatkan bahwa rasio memanjang DAS tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap besaran erosi dan hasil sedimennya, sedangkan untuk rasio membulat DAS terdapat hubungan signifikan dengan besaran laju erosi dan hasil sedimen dengan perbandingan terbalik yaitu semakin besar rasio membulat semakin kecil besaran laju erosi dan hasil sedimennya. Berdasarkan titik elevasi yang diamati, Tingkat bahaya erosi di DA Ci Lember berdasarkan model GeoWEPP didapatkan pola yang mirip dengan wilayah ketinggian terutama pada perhitungan Sub-DAS ordo 1.

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In the tropical region such as Indonesia, erosion is the one of the dominant factors for decreasing of land productivity. Knowing the rate of factual and actual erosion is important for development planning of agriculture and conservation activity. Measuring the rate of erosion in a wide scale with variety condition is very difficult matters and need more time. Therefore, prediction of the erosion rate activity could solve this problems.

Predicting of the erosion rate methods which use in this research is Geospatial of Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP). Output from GeoWEPP method in Ci Lember Watershed for erosion rate is 18543,7 ton/year or 41,3 ton/ha/year and sediment yield is 124,7 ton/ha/year.

The results of statistical correlation with Pearson Product Moment method shows that the ratio of elongated watershed has no significant relationship to amount of erosion and the sediment yield, while the ratio of rounded of watershed have significant relationship with sediment yield rate and erosion rate with reversed ratio. Based on the observed elevation point, the danger level of erosion have a similar pattern to the altitude region."

"Permasalahan lingkungan seperti perubahan kawasan menyerap air menjadi lahan kedap air, erosi tanah dan timbulan sampah yang meningkat akan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap fungsi hidrologis DAS Ciliwung (Degradasi DAS Ciliwung). Untuk mewujudkan perencanaan dan pengelolaan penggunaan lahan yang berpedoman pada keseimbangan lingkungan (DAS Ciliwung yang sehat) maka diperlukan pengendalian terhadap erosi, timbulan sampah dan luasan lahan kedap air. Metode-metode perhitungan laju erosi & laju timbulan sampah yang ada memerlukan proses yang panjang dan membutuhkan berbagai jenis data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat persamaan matematis yang praktis dan relatif akurat dalam memprediksi laju erosi & laju timbulan sampah berbasis luasan lahan kedap air (impervious cover) di DAS Ciliwung. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan software sistem informasi geografis ArcGis Versi 10.1 Lisensi Departemen Geografi FMIPA Universitas Indonesia. Perhitungan laju erosi menggunakan metode USLE dan laju timbulan sampah menggunakan proyeksi laju timbulan sampah berdasarkan data kepadatan penduduk & laju timbulan sampah per orang per hari sedangkan perhitungan luasan lahan kedap air menggunakan aplikasi ArcGis 10.1. Analisa korelasi antar variabel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi dan korelasi antar variabel. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara luas lahan kedap air dengan nilai laju erosi potensial & nilai laju timbulan sampah potensial, persamaan matematis yang mewakili adalah persamaan regresi non linier eksponensial masing-masing sebagai berikut Y=6892 e-0,07x dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0,936 dan Y=53,30 e 0,090x dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0,868.

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Environmental problems such as changes in the pervious area becomes impervious, soil erosion and increased waste generation will have negative impacts on hydrological functions of Ciliwung Watershed. To carry out the planning and management of land use based on the balance of the environment (healthy Ciliwung watershed) it is necessary to control erosion, waste generation and impervious cover.

Methods for computation the rate of erosion and waste generation requires a long process and various types of data. This research aims to create mathematical equation that are practical and relatively accurate in predicting of erosion rate and waste generation rate based on impervious land cover on Ciliwung Watershed. Modeling using ArcGIS software version 10.1 License Department of Geography FMIPA University of Indonesia.

Computation of erosion rate using USLE method and waste generation rate using projected based on data density of population and the rate of waste generation per person per day, while computation of impervious land cover area is based on application of ArcGIS 10.1. Analysing correlation between variable in this research was conducted by using regression and correlation analysis.

The conclusion of this research is that there is a very strong relationship between impervious land cover area and the value of potential erosion rate and potential waste generation rate as well. The mathematical equation that represent the relation are exponential non linear regression equations as the following : Y = 6892 * e-0,07x with coefficient of determination (R2) = 0,936 for relation between impervious land cover area and potential erosion rate; and Y = 53.30*e 0,090x with coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.868 for relation between impervious land cover area and potential waste generation rate."