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"Latar belakang: Resistensi antibiotik merupakan ancaman kesehatan global. Tingginya tingkat reproduksi mikroorganisme dan kemampuan tekanan selektif yang kuat dari mikroorganisme menghadapi antibiotik pilihan merupakan permasalahan penggunaan antibiotik saat ini. Salah satu cara agar dapat menguatkan pemahaman dan ketaatan staf medis adalah melalui edukasi. Pemanfaatan teknologi seperti e-learning merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan dan ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik.Metode: Penelitian intervensi ini melibatkan seluruh DPJP dan PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak yang berstatus aktif di FKUI RSCM. Intervensi e-learning dilakukan terhadap DPJP dan PPDS dengan topik Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) via website EMAS UI kemudian dinilai tingkat pengetahuan pra- dan pasca-intervensi. Penggunaan antibiotik satu bulan pra- dan pasca-intervensi dinilai dengan alur Gyssens untuk menilai ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik.Hasil: Total penggunaan antibiotik pra- dan pasca-intervensi berturut-turut adalah 248 dan 229 antibiotik. Sebanyak 135 (54,4%) penggunaan antibiotik pra-intervensi dan 170 (72,24%) penggunaan antibiotik pasca-intervensi dinilai tepat. Analisis bivariat terhadap ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna pra- dan pasca-intervensi (OR= 0,537, IK 95% 0,363-0,795; p< 0,002). Sebanyak 42 dari total 56 DPJP anak dan 119 dari total 123 PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak mengikuti intervensi e-learning. Analisis bivariat menunjukan terdapat hubungan bermakna terhadap tingkat pengetahuan DPJP pra- dan pasca-intervensi (1 vs 32; p<0,001) dan PPDS pra- dan pasca-intervensi (10 vs 66; p<0,001).Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan signifikan tingkat ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak di ruang perawatan RSCM dan tingkat pengetahuan ketepatan pemberian antibiotik pada DPJP dan PPDS setelah dilakukan intervensi edukasi melalui metode e-learning.

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Backgorund: Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. The high rate of reproduction of microorganisms and the strong selective pressure ability of microorganisms against antibiotics are the problems of the current use of antibiotics. Education is a way to strengthen the understanding and obedience of medical staff. Utilization of technology such as e-learning can be used to increase the level of knowledge and the effectiveness of using antibiotics.

Method: This intervention study involved all active pediatric staff and pediatric residents from the Department of Child Health in FMUI-CMH. Staff and residents underwent intervention through e-learning on the topic of Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) via the EMAS UI website, and then the level of their pre- and post-intervention knowledge was assessed. The use of antibiotics one month pre- and post-intervention was assessed by Gyssen's flowchart to assess the appropriateness of the antibiotics usage.

Result: A total of 135 (54.4%) uses of pre-intervention antibiotics and 170 (72.24%) uses of post-intervention antibiotics were considered appropriate. Bivariate analysis of the appropriate use of antibiotics showed that there was a significant relationship pre- and post-intervention (135 vs. 170, 95% CI 0.363-0.795; p 0.002). Forty two out of 56 staff and 119 out of 123 residents participate in e-learning. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of pre- and post-intervention in pediatric staff (1 vs. 32; p 0.001) and pre- and post-intervention pediatric residents (10 vs. 66; p 0.001).

Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the appropriateness level of using antibiotics in pediatric patients at CMH and the level of knowledge about the appropriateness of giving antibiotics to staff and residents after educational interventions were carried out through the e-learning."

"Resistensi antibiotik merupakan ancaman kesehatan global. Tingginya tingkat reproduksi mikroorganisme dan kemampuan tekanan selektif yang kuat dari mikroorganisme menghadapi antibiotik pilihan merupakan permasalahan penggunaan antibiotik saat ini. Salah satu cara menguatkan pemahaman dan ketaatan staf medis adalah melalui edukasi. E-learning merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan dan ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik. Penelitian intervensi ini melibatkan seluruh DPJP dan PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak yang berstatus aktif di FKUI RSCM. Intervensi e-learning dilakukan terhadap DPJP dan PPDS dengan topik Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) melalui website EMAS UI kemudian dinilai tingkat pengetahuan pra- dan pasca-intervensi. Penggunaan antibiotik satu bulan pra- dan pasca-intervensi dinilai dengan alur Gyssens untuk menilai ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik. Sebanyak 135 (54,4%) penggunaan antibiotik pra-intervensi dan 170 (72,24%) penggunaan antibiotik pasca-intervensi dinilai tepat. Analisis bivariat terhadap ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna pra- dan pasca-intervensi (OR= 0,537, IK 95% 0,363-0,795; p< 0,002). Sebanyak 42 dari total 56 DPJP anak dan 119 dari total 123 PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak mengikuti intervensi e-learning. Analisis bivariat menunjukan terdapat hubungan bermakna terhadap tingkat pengetahuan DPJP pra- dan pasca-intervensi (1 vs 32; p<0,001) dan PPDS pra- dan pasca-intervensi (10 vs 66; p<0,001). Terdapat peningkatan signifikan tingkat ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak di ruang perawatan RSCM setelah dilakukan intervensi edukasi melalui metode e-learning.

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Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. The high rate of reproduction of microorganisms and the strong selective pressure ability of microorganisms against antibiotics are the problems of the current use of antibiotics. Education is a way to strengthen the understanding and obedience of medical staff. E-learning can be used to increase the level of knowledge and the effectiveness of using antibiotics. This intervention study involved all active pediatric staff and pediatric residents from the Department of Child Health in FMUI-CMH. Staff and residents underwent intervention through e-learning on the topic of Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) via the EMAS UI website, and then the level of their pre- and post-intervention knowledge was assessed. The use of antibiotics one month pre- and post-intervention was assessed by Gyssen's flowchart to assess the appropriateness of the antibiotics usage. A total of 135 (54.4%) uses of pre-intervention antibiotics and 170 (72.24%) uses of post-intervention antibiotics were considered appropriate. Bivariate analysis of the appropriate use of antibiotics showed that there was a significant relationship pre- and post-intervention (135 vs. 170, 95% CI 0.363-0.795; p 0.002). Forty two out of 56 staff and 119 out of 123 residents participate in e-learning. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of pre- and post-intervention in pediatric staff (1 vs. 32; p 0.001) and pre- and post-intervention pediatric residents (10 vs. 66; p 0.001). The total use of pre- and post-intervention antibiotics being, respectively, 248 and 229 antibiotics. There was a significant increase in the appropriateness level of using antibiotics in pediatric patients at CMH after educational interventions were carried out through the e-learning."

"Resistensi antibiotik merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pengobatan berbagai penyakit infeksi, termasuk di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil penggunaan antibiotik cefepime sebagai bagian dari kelompok antibiotik "reserve" di RSUP Fatmawati pada periode Januari hingga Oktober 2023. Penggunaan cefepime ditujukan untuk infeksi bakteri yang resisten terhadap berbagai antibiotik lain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah retrospektif dengan mengumpulkan data dari rekam medis pasien, hasil uji kultur, dan konsultasi dengan Komite Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba (KPRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien yang menggunakan cefepime adalah kelompok usia lanjut (>60 tahun), dengan tingkat mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Dari hasil uji kultur, ditemukan bahwa sekitar 57,14% biakan menunjukkan hasil negatif, sedangkan selebihnya menunjukkan adanya bakteri seperti Escherichia coli dan Acinetobacter baumannii. Konsultasi dengan KPRA dilakukan untuk sekitar 65,08% pasien, dan persetujuan penggunaan cefepime diberikan pada 33,33% pasien. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan cefepime memerlukan evaluasi lebih lanjut berdasarkan hasil kultur dan sensitivitas untuk meminimalkan risiko resistensi antibiotik yang lebih tinggi.

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Antibiotic resistance is a global health issue affecting the effectiveness of treatment for various infectious diseases, including in hospitals. This study aims to analyze the profile of cefepime usage as a "reserve" antibiotic at RSUP Fatmawati from January to October 2023. Cefepime is used for bacterial infections that are resistant to various other antibiotics. This retrospective study collected data from patient medical records, culture test results, and consultations with the Antimicrobial Resistance Control Committee (KPRA). The results showed that most patients using cefepime were elderly (>60 years), with a relatively high mortality rate. Culture tests revealed that 57.14% of the cultures were negative, while the remaining cultures indicated the presence of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Consultations with KPRA were conducted for about 65.08% of the patients, with cefepime approval granted for 33.33% of them. This study concludes that cefepime use requires further evaluation based on culture and sensitivity tests to minimize the risk of increased antibiotic resistance. "

"This book, which is the translated version of a Swedish book, combines a general introduction of a variety of antibiotics with a more in-depth discussion of resistance. The focus on resistance in learning about antibiotics will help future scientists recognize the problem antibiotics resistance poses for medicinal and drug-related fields, and perhaps trigger more research and discoveries to fight antibiotic resistant strains. Current overviews of the topic are included, along with specific discussions on the individual mechanisms (betalactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, etc) used in various antibacterial agents and explanations of how resistances to those develop. Methods for counteracting resistance development in bacteria are discussed as well."

"Latar Belakang : Meropenem, salah satu antibiotik yang paling efektif terhadap bakteri gram negatif dan bakteri gram positif, dianggap sebagai pengobatan terakhir yang paling dapat diandalkan untuk infeksi bakteri. Penyebaran yang cepat dari resistensi meropenem, terutama diantara bakteri gram negatif, merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat penting. Berbagai faktor diketahui berhubungan dengan kejadian resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif, namun penelitian yang dilakukan pada pasien infeksi intra abdomen masih terbatas. Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan resistensi antibiotik meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif pada pasien infeksi intra-abdomen di RSCM tahun 2013-2017. Metode : Penelitian desain cross sectional dengan mengambil data dari rekam medis pasien infeksi intra abdomen pada rentang waktu tahun 2013-2017 sebanyak keseluruhan populasi terjangkau. Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik dari faktor-faktor yaitu, usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit yang menyertai, riwayat antibiotik, jumlah leukosit dan jumlah albumin yang berhubungan dengan resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif. Kesimpulan : Usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit yang menyertai, riwayat antibiotik, jumlah leukosit dan jumlah albumin bukan merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif pada pasien infeksi intra abdomen. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif pada pasien infeksi intra abdomen.

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Background : Meropenem, one of the most effective antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, is considered to be the most reliable last treatment for bacterial infections. The rapid spread of meropenem resistance, especially among gram negative bacteria, is a very important health problem. Various factors are known to be associated with the incidence of meropenem resistance to gram-negative bacteria, but studies conducted on patients with intra-abdominal infections are still limited.

Objectives : To determine the factors associated with meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria in patients with intra-abdominal infections at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in the year of 2013-2017.

Methods : A cross sectional design study by taking data from medical records of intra-abdominal infection patients in the period of 2013-2017 as much as the entire affordable population.

Results : There were no statistically significant differences in factors, namely age, sex, accompanying disease, history of antibiotics, number of leucocyte and amount of albumin associated with meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusion : Age, sex, accompanying disease, history of antibiotics, number of leucocytes and amount of albumin are not factors associated with meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria in patients with intra-abdominal infections. Further research is needed to determine the effect of other factors related to meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria in patients with intra-abdominal infections. "

"The first book was on "Theory and practice" of antibiotic stewardship in its broadest sense -the how to do it and the do's and don’ts. The second, on "Controlling resistance" was very much on the relationships between use and resistance and beginning to home in on the hospital as the main generator of resistance, but mainly looking at it from a disease/clinical perspective. The last 3 chapters on MRSA, ended where the 3rd book will take off. "Controlling HAI " will concentrate on specific MDR organisms highlighting their roles in the current pandemic of HAI and emphasizing that the big issue is not so much infection control but antibiotic control, in the same way that antibiotic over-reliance/ over-use has caused the problem in the first place. Up 'till now the emphasis for controlling MRSA, C diff and all the other MDROs has very much been on IC, which clearly isn't working. This book will gather all the evidence for the increasingly popular view that much more must be done in the area of antibiotic policies/ stewardship, especially when we are in danger of a "post antibiotic" era, due to a real shortage of new agents in the pipeline."

"ABSTRAKResistensi antibiotik telah menjadi ancaman global. Salah satu contoh organisme yang resisten terhadap lebih dari satu antibiotik adalah methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA . Dalam menghadapi permasalahan ini, alternatif yang dapat dipilih adalah dengan menggunakan tanaman herbal, yaitu Samanea saman. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri Samanea saman pada MRSA dan non-MRSA.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak Samanea saman pada MRSA dan non-MRSAMetode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental. Untuk memperoleh nilai minimum inhibitory concentration MIC digunakan broth dilution method. Selain itu, dilakukan pula penentuan nilai minimum bactericidal concentration MBC , dan jumlah koloni.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun Samanea saman terbukti tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap MRSA dan non-MRSA. Bakteri tumbuh di seluruh konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan. Nilai MIC dan MBC tidak dapat ditentukan. Selain itu, jumlah koloni bakteri pada setiap plat terhitung melebihi 250 koloni. Aktivitas antibakteri Samanea saman pada MRSA dan non-MRSA tidak dapat dibandingkan.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak metanol daun Samanea saman tidak memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap MRSA dan non-MRSA Kata kunci: MBC; MIC; MRSA; non-MRSA; Samanea saman.

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ABSTRACTAntibacterial resistance has been such a global burden nowadays. The well known example of multi drug resistance organism is the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA . In response to the antibacterial resistance, the alternative that can be considered is the usage of herbal plant such as Samanea saman. Therefore, a research needs be conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of Samanea saman on MRSA and non MRSA. Purpose This research aim is to compare the antibacterial activity of Samanea saman extract on MRSA and non MRSAMethods This research is an experimental study. To obtain the value of minimum inhibitory concentration MIC , broth dilution method was used. The value of minimum bactericidal concentration MBC and the number of colonies were also determined.Result This study revealed that methanol extract of Samanea saman leaves has no antimicrobial activity against MRSA and non MRSA. The bacteria grow in all concentration of the extract and therefore the MIC and MBC value could not be obtained. The level of antibacterial activity of Samanea saman in MRSA and non MRSA could not be compared.Conclusion The methanol extract of Samanea saman leaves does not have any antibacterial effect against MRSA and non MRSA. Key words MBC MIC MRSA non MRSA Samanea saman"

"Provinsi DKI Jakarta umumnya mengandalkan tangki septik di perumahan dan IPAL permukiman di kawasan tertentu sebagai tempat pembuangan tinja setempat serta membuang cairan efluennya ke saluran drainase, tetapi penelitian mengenai kinerja penyisihan unsur AMR-nya masih minim. IPAL permukiman sebagai salah satu sistem pengolahan tinja setempat menciptakan kondisi yang kondusif bagi terjadinya akuisisi resistensi antarinang via transfer gen horizontal (HGT) berdasarkan kelimpahan nutrisi, kelimpahan mobile genetic elements (MGE) yang memfasilitasi HGT, proses pengolahan, kandungan logam berat sebagai tekanan selektif, dan variabel lain-lain. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis prevalensi ARG dan MGE dengan metode High-Throughput Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HT-qPCR), tingkat reduksi atau peningkatan ARG dan MGE, serta hubungan antara logam berat dan MGE dengan ARG di IPAL permukiman. Sebanyak 8 dari 65 gen target masih terdeteksi di semua sampel unit final (n = 8). Salah satunya adalah crAss56 yang mengindikasikan bahwa efluen cairan IPAL permukiman menjadi potensial sumber diseminasi AMR di hilir. IPAL permukiman tidak menunjukkan kemampuan reduksi kelimpahan absolut gen 16S rRNA, MGE, ARG yang konsisten, bahkan salah satunya (ST4) mengamplifikasi semua gen-gen tersebut. Terlihat pola kelimpahan ARG berbeda antara IPAL permukiman terindikasi terbengkalai dengan yang beroperasional yang menyiratkan mekanisme pengolahan tertentu, seperti pengolahan biologis (aerobik, anaerobik, kombinasi) dan klorinasi, dapat berkontribusi dalam proliferasi ARG. Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi signifikan secara statistik (p-value < 0.05) dengan arah positif antara mangan (Mn) vs. ARG (qacE∆1_3 > aph3-ib > ereA), seng (Zn) vs. ARG (aph3-ib > vanA > ereA > blaSHV11 > intl3 > qnrS2), serta MGE (intl3) vs. ARG (ereA > vanA > aph3-ib > blaSHV11 > qacE∆1_3 > qnrS2). Maka, korelasi tersebut menandakan intl3 memiliki potensial tinggi sebagai fasilitator HGT. Logam berat juga mungkin menginduksi HGT dan/atau menyeleksi dengan antibiotik secara bersamaan terhadap ARB. Maka, penemuan penelitian ini menyorotkan pentingnya diadakannya pemantauan AMR di berbagai sistem air limbah, khususnya black water.

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The DKI Jakarta Province generally relies on septic tanks in residential areas and tenement wastewater treatment plants in certain areas as on-site feces disposal sites along with discharging their effluent water into drainage channels, but research on their AMR element removal performance is still limited. Tenement WWTPs as one of the on-site feces treatment systems create conditions that are conducive to the acquisition of resistance between hosts via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) based on the abundance of nutrients, the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGE) which facilitate HGT, treatment processes, heavy metal content as selective pressure, and other variables. Thus, this research was conducted to analyze the prevalence of ARG and MGE using the High-Throughput Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HT-qPCR) method, the level of reduction or increase in ARG and MGE, as well as the relationship between heavy metals and MGE and ARG in tenement WWTPs. A total of 8 of the 65 target genes were still detected in all final unit samples (n = 8). One of them was crAss56 which indicated that tenement WWTP effluent water is a potential source of downstream AMR dissemination. Tenement WWTPs did not show a consistent ability to reduce the absolute abundance of 16S rRNA, MGE, ARG genes, in fact one of them (ST4) amplified all of these genes. It can be seen that the pattern of ARG abundance is different between tenement WWTP indicated to be abandoned and those that are operational, which implies that certain treatment mechanisms, such as biological treatment (aerobic, anaerobic, combined) and chlorination, can contribute to the proliferation of ARGs. Spearman correlation analysis showed a statistically significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) in the positive direction between manganese (Mn) vs. ARGs (qacE∆1_3 > aph3-ib > ereA), zinc (Zn) vs. ARGs (aph3-ib > vanA > ereA > blaSHV11 > intl3 > qnrS2), as well as MGEs (intl3) vs. ARGs (ereA > vanA > aph3-ib > blaSHV11 > qacE∆1_3 > qnrS2). Therefore, this correlation indicates that intl3 has high potential as a facilitator of HGT. Heavy metals may also induce HGT and/or co-select against ARBs with antibiotics. Thus, the findings of this study highlight the importance of monitoring AMR in various wastewater systems, especially black water."

"Resistensi antibiotik merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang mengancam efektivitas pengobatan infeksi bakteri. Salah satu faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap resistensi antibiotik adalah penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional. Puskesmas Jatinegara, sebagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama, memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai penggunaan antibiotik secara bijak. Laporan ini membahas pelaksanaan promosi kesehatan berbasis Gerakan Masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat (GeMa CerMat) yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Jatinegara dengan fokus pada penggunaan antibiotik yang bijak serta cara penggunaan sediaan Amoksisilin. Metode yang digunakan meliputi edukasi non-interaktif kepada pasien yang sedang menunggu pelayanan di Instalasi Farmasi Puskesmas. Media promosi yang digunakan berupa poster dan brosur yang telah disesuaikan dengan pedoman GeMa CerMat. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa edukasi dapat dilakukan secara efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pasien terkait antibiotik. Namun, terdapat keterbatasan dalam evaluasi dampak terhadap perubahan perilaku masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar kegiatan serupa di masa depan dilengkapi dengan metode evaluasi pre-test dan post-test guna mengukur efektivitas edukasi dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang penggunaan antibiotik secara bijak. Pemantauan Terapi Obat (PTO) merupakan langkah penting dalam memastikan efektivitas, keamanan, dan rasionalitas penggunaan obat pada pasien. Laporan ini membahas PTO yang dilakukan terhadap pasien dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) yang mengalami komorbiditas vertigo perifer dan osteoartritis genu dextra di RSUD Cengkareng. Tujuan dari PTO ini adalah mengidentifikasi masalah terkait terapi obat (Drug-Related Problems/DRP) dan memberikan rekomendasi penyelesaiannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam PTO ini adalah observasi prospektif dengan pengumpulan data dari rekam medis, formulir pengobatan pasien, serta wawancara dengan pasien dan keluarga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya beberapa DRP, termasuk efektivitas terapi yang tidak optimal, kejadian efek samping obat, serta interaksi obat yang berpotensi merugikan pasien. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, Penulis menyarankan berbagai potensi intervensi termasuk penyesuaian dosis, modifikasi regimen terapi, serta edukasi kepada pasien dan tenaga kesehatan terkait. Kesimpulan dari laporan ini menegaskan bahwa keterlibatan apoteker dalam tim pelayanan kesehatan sangat krusial dalam mengoptimalkan terapi pasien dan meminimalkan risiko DRP. Oleh karena itu, implementasi PTO yang sistematis dan evidence-based sangat dianjurkan dalam praktik kefarmasian di rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan kesehatan dan keselamatan pasien.

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Antibiotic resistance is a global health issue that threatens the effectiveness of bacterial infection treatments. One of the primary factors contributing to antibiotic resistance is the irrational use of antibiotics. As a primary healthcare facility, Jatinegara Public Health Center (Puskesmas Jatinegara) plays a crucial role in raising public awareness about the prudent use of antibiotics. This report discusses the implementation of health promotion based on the Gerakan Masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat movement (Community Movement for the Smart Use of Medicines) or “GeMa CerMat” conducted at Puskesmas Jatinegara, focusing on the proper use of antibiotics and Amoxicillin administration. The method used involved noninteractive education for patients waiting for services at the pharmacy of the health center. Promotional materials included posters and brochures adapted from GeMa CerMat guidelines. The results of this initiative indicate that education can be effectively conducted to improve patient understanding of antibiotics. However, there are limitations in evaluating its impact on behavioral changes in the community. Therefore, it is recommended that future similar activities incorporate pre-test and post-test evaluations to measure the effectiveness of educational efforts in increasing public awareness of responsible antibiotic use. Medication Review (PTO) is a crucial step in ensuring the effectiveness, safety, and rational use of drugs in patients. This report discusses the PTO conducted on a patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who also had comorbid peripheral vertigo and osteoarthritis genu dextra at RSUD Cengkareng. The objective of this PTO was to identify Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) and provide recommendations for their resolution. The method used in this PTO was prospective observation, with data collected from medical records, patient therapy forms, and interviews with the patient and her family. The analysis revealed several DRPs, including suboptimal therapeutic effectiveness, adverse drug reactions, and potentially harmful drug interactions. To address these issues, the author suggests various potential interventions, including dose adjustments, therapy regimen modifications, and education for patients and healthcare professionals. The conclusion of this report emphasizes that the involvement of pharmacists in healthcare teams is crucial for optimizing patient therapy and minimizing the risk of DRPs. Therefore, the systematic and evidence-based implementation of PTO is highly recommended in hospital pharmacy practice to improve the quality of healthcare services and ensure patient safety. "

"Resistensi antibiotik merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global yang memerlukan perhatian serius, terutama di negara-negara berkembang dengan tingkat penggunaan antibiotik yang tinggi seperti Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat pengetahuan pengunjung Apotek Kimia Farma 321 Lamongrejo mengenai penggunaan antibiotik secara rasional dan memberikan intervensi edukasi terkait. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional non-eksperimental dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei terstruktur yang terdiri dari 16 pertanyaan serta dilengkapi dengan kegiatan edukasi dan pembagian brosur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik (60%), diikuti oleh sangat baik (20%), cukup (15%), dan kurang (5%). Analisis topik survei menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan terkait cara penggunaan antibiotik memiliki tingkat pemahaman terendah (76,7%), dengan kesalahan persepsi terutama pada penghentian konsumsi antibiotik saat gejala membaik. Intervensi edukasi terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman responden terkait penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pelaksanaan edukasi berkelanjutan untuk mencegah resistensi antibiotik. Studi lanjutan dengan cakupan responden yang lebih luas dan pendekatan multidisiplin diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan strategi pengendalian resistensi antibiotik.

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Antibiotic resistance is a global health issue requiring serious attention, particularly in developing countries with high antibiotic usage rates, such as Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge level of visitors to Kimia Farma Pharmacy 321 Lamongrejo regarding rational antibiotic use and to provide educational interventions on the subject. The study employed a non-experimental observational method with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through a structured survey comprising 16 questions, complemented by educational activities and the distribution of brochures. The results indicated that the majority of respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge (60%), followed by very good (20%), sufficient (15%), and poor (5%). Topic-specific analysis revealed that knowledge related to antibiotic usage had the lowest understanding level (76.7%), with misconceptions particularly evident in stopping antibiotic consumption when symptoms improve. Educational interventions proved effective in enhancing respondents’ understanding of proper antibiotic use. The study concludes that continuous educational efforts are essential to prevent antibiotic resistance. Further research with a larger sample size and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended to optimize strategies for controlling antibiotic resistance. "