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"Tesis ini menginvestigasi keterikatan antara politik Brazil dengan bantuan luar negeri A.S. yang terfokus pada “linkage” antara kebijakan luar negeri A.S. dan arah pembuatan kebijakan rezim militer Brazil antara tahun 1964-1985. Pada saat itu, bantuan A.S. melibatkan skema promosi demokrasi sebagai syarat bagi negara penerima bantuan, meski literaturnya belum menghubungkan “gelombang ketiga” demokratisasi dengan bantuan luar negeri A.S., terutama dengan studi kasus per negara sebagai penerima bantuan. Maka, tesis ini bertujuan untuk meletakkan hubungan antara bantuan A.S. sebagai salah satu faktor penyebab demokratisasi di Brazil dengan menggunakan teori modernisasi dan demokratisasi, serta konsep profesionalisme baru militer. Riset ini menggunakan logika bahwa, apabila bantuan A.S. adalah upaya jangka panjang untuk membangun kedekatan dengan negara-negara yang dianggap penting secara geopolitik pada masanya, maka bantuan A.S. bersifat instrumental dalam menghadirkan demokratisasi di Brazil yang berdampak signifikan terhadap politik dalam negeri, walau dipicu secara lintas perbatasan. Tesis ini berkesimpulan dua hal: pertama, militer adalah satu institusi yang bertindak sebagai pemerintah dan juga aktor keamanan yang sekaligus menjadikannya penerima berbagai jenis bantuan, sehingga pengaruh besar militer terhadap masyarakat membuka satu jalur di mana A.S. dapat memengaruhi proses pembuatan keputusan rezim sehingga dapat menjauh dari sikap otoriter dan membuka jalan untuk transisi menuju pemerintahan sipil; kedua, bahwa fokus spesifik terhadap hak asasi manusia memaksa rezim militer untuk mengimbangi keamanan nasional atau hak individu, dalam konteks hubungan ketergantungan dengan A.S.

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This thesis investigates the interlocking relationship between Brazilian politics and U.S. foreign aid, focusing specifically on the linkage between U.S. foreign policy and the Brazilian military regime’s policymaking directions between 1964-1985. Accordingly, U.S. aid includes democracy promotion as a condition for countries to receive aid, though studies have not gone as far as linking foreign aid to the “third wave of democratization” and, in particular, the experience of individual countries as recipients of aid. This thesis aims to establish the link between U.S. aid and democracy promotion in Brazil through abertura by employing the theories of modernization and international factors of democratization. The research embraces the logic that, if U.S. aid was a sustained effort to maintain close ties with countries deemed crucial to the geopolitical imperatives at the time, then aid was instrumental in bringing democratization to Brazil that, while international in nature, had significant national effects. This thesis concludes with two overarching points: first, as the military represented a single institution in charge of both government and security, therefore becoming a negotiating actor to multiple forms of aid, the overarching influence of the armed forces in civil society allows for a single channel in which U.S. aid influenced Brazilian politics, giving the U.S. an indirect mechanism to influence the regime’s decision-making process to eventually withdraw from authoritarian behavior and pave the way for the transition to civilian government; second, that the singular focus on human rights forces a balancing act for the military government to prioritize either national security or individual rights, being situated in a dependent relationship with the U.S."

"Penelitian ini berjudul “Penyebaran Demokrasi di Timur Tengah oleh Amerika Serikat: Studi Kasus Implementasi Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat dalam Konflik Suriah (2011-2016)”. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh Konflik Suriah yang terjadi setelah serangkaian aksi demonstrasi yang menuntut reformasi pemerintahan di Suriah di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Bashar al- Assad. Konflik Suriah telah menarik perhatian komunitas internasional, hal ini disebabkan oleh berbagai pelanggaran HAM yang terjadi, dan Amerika menjadi salah satu negara yang fokus terhadap isu tersebut. Penelitian ini memiliki rumusan masalah, bagaimana Amerika mengimplementasikan kebijakan luar negerinya di Suriah di tengah keterlibatan berbagai pihak yang bertikai, baik kelompok domestik maupun internasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyediakan analisis mengenai evaluasi implementasi kebijakan luar negeri Amerika dalam konflik Suriah. Penelitian ini juga akan menyajikan kepentingan nasional Amerika dalam keterlibatannya di Konflik Suriah.Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode library research atau penelitian kepustakaan. Adapun sumber data yang digunakan adalah data-data primer dan sekunder dari press release, serta data dari berbagai kementerian Amerika Serikat. Untuk menganalisis kebijakan Amerika di Suriah, penulis menggunakan neorealisme digunakan sebagai teori utama dalam penelitian ini, disertai dengan rational choice theory dan konsep balance of power. Setelah mengumpulkan data, penulis kemudian mengelompokkan data-data tersebut dan menganalisisnya menggunakan teori dan konsep di atas.Berdasarkan pada analisis yang telah dilakukan, penulis menemukan berbagai pokok kebijakan Amerika Serikat di Suriah. Mulai dari diplomasi, ekonomi hingga militer. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa kebijakan Obama di Suriah memiliki banyak kekurangan yang perlu di evaluasi. Hal ini berkaitan dengan efektivitas, konsistensi dan standar ganda yang terdapat dalam kebijakan yang diimplementasikan di Suriah.

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This research entitled "U.S. Democracy Promotion in the Middle East: A Case Study on the Implementation of U.S. Foreign Policy in Syrian Conflict (2011-2016)". This research is motivated by the Syrian conflict which occurred after a series of demonstrations demanding government reform in Syria under the leadership of President Bashar al-Assad. The Syrian conflict has attracted the attention of the international community, this is due to the various human rights violations that have occurred, and America has become one of the countries that has focused on this issue. This research has a problem identification on how America implements its foreign policy in Syria amid the involvement of various warring parties, both domestic and international groups. This research was conducted to provide an analysis regarding the evaluation of the implementation of American foreign policy in the Syrian conflict. This research will also present America's national interest in its involvement in the Syrian Conflict.

In this research, the authors used the library research method. The data sources used are primary and secondary data from press releases, as well as data from various US ministries. To analyze U.S. policy in Syria, the author uses neorealism as the main theory in this study, accompanied by rational choice theory and the concept of balance of power. After collecting the data, the writer then classifies the data and analyzes it using the theory and concepts above.

Based on the analysis that has been carried out, the author finds various main points of US policy in Syria. Starting from diplomacy, economy to military. The author also finds that Obama's policy in Syria has many flaws that need to be evaluated. This is related to the effectiveness, consistency and double standard of the policies implemented in Syria."

"[ABSTRAKPerbankan memiliki beberapa formula, antara lain CAMEL untuk penilaian kesehatan perbankan dan formula 5C dalam menyalurkan kredit perbankan kepada debitur, tetapi untuk penyaluran dana ke lembaga keuangan mikro melalui linkage program, maka formula yang dipakai ada banyak versi. Penelitian ini menganalisis persepsi perbankan terhadap potensi linkage programme sektor perbankan terhadap lembaga keuangan mikro bentukan Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta yaitu Koperasi Jasa Keuangan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Kelurahan (KJK PEMK) dengan mengacu pada penelitian Arora dan Meenu (2012) di Punjab, India dengan 8 elemen yaitu welfare, economic, utilize, profit, women empowerment, risiko, beban kerja dan kompetisi. Hasil penelitian ini memiliki kecenderungan sama dengan hasil penelitian Arora dan Meenu (2012) tentang persepsi potensi linkage programme sektor perbankan terhadap keuangan mikro perbankan di Punjab, India terutama terkait pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin produktif agar masyarakat ekonomi lemah tersebut dapat mengembangkan potensi yang dimilikinya sehingga dapat mencapai taraf hidup (welfare) yang lebih berkualitas walaupun tetap terdapat beberapa perbedaan terkait faktor risiko, beban kerja serta persaingan usaha dengan sektor informal yang akan dihadapi jika sektor perbankan menerapkan linkage programme terhadap KJK PEMK.

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ABSTRACTThere are several formulas in banking, such as CAMEL rating for financialhealth assessment and 5C formula for credit assessment, but there are anotherversions of formula that is used for banking funds distribution to microfinanceinstitutions through the linkage programme. This study analyzed the bankers?perception about banking linkage programme potentiality for microfinane institutionsthat created by the Government of DKI Jakarta, namely Koperasi Jasa KeuanganPemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Kelurahan (KJK PEMK) with reference toArora and Meenu (2012) research in Punjab, India with 8 elements, includingwelfare, economic, utilize, profit, women empowerment, risks, workload andbusiness competition. The results of this is equally as the results of Arora and Meenu(2012) research on the bankers? perception about banking linkage programmepotentiality for microfinane institutions in Punjab, India that mainly related to theempowerment the poor that economically productive so they can develop theirpotentiality to achieve a higher quality of living standard (welfare), although there arestill several considerations related to risk factors, workload and business competitionwith the informal sector when implementing the banking linkage programme to KJKPEMK., There are several formulas in banking, such as CAMEL rating for financialhealth assessment and 5C formula for credit assessment, but there are anotherversions of formula that is used for banking funds distribution to microfinanceinstitutions through the linkage programme. This study analyzed the bankers’perception about banking linkage programme potentiality for microfinane institutionsthat created by the Government of DKI Jakarta, namely Koperasi Jasa KeuanganPemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Kelurahan (KJK PEMK) with reference toArora and Meenu (2012) research in Punjab, India with 8 elements, includingwelfare, economic, utilize, profit, women empowerment, risks, workload andbusiness competition. The results of this is equally as the results of Arora and Meenu(2012) research on the bankers’ perception about banking linkage programmepotentiality for microfinane institutions in Punjab, India that mainly related to theempowerment the poor that economically productive so they can develop theirpotentiality to achieve a higher quality of living standard (welfare), although there arestill several considerations related to risk factors, workload and business competitionwith the informal sector when implementing the banking linkage programme to KJKPEMK.]"