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"Perubahan iklim yang terjadi saat ini dikarenakan oleh aktifitas antropogenik dari penggunaan energi dan industri dalam mempengaruhi suhu dan iklim bumi. Perubahan suhu dan perubahan iklim yang terjadi di bumi dapat berdampak pada keempat dimensi yaitu ketersediaan, stabilitas, akses dan pemanfaatan ketahanan pangan. Ketersediaan produk perairan akan bervariasi melalui perubahan ekosistem, produksi, distribusi spesies dan habitat. Perubahan iklim yang terjadi saat ini disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia dalam menggunakan energi dan industri yang berpengaruh pada suhu dan iklim Bumi. Perubahan tersebut dapat berdampak pada empat aspek penting dalam ketahanan pangan, yaitu ketersediaan, stabilitas, akses, dan pemanfaatan. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah penurunan produksi udang. Tujuan penelitian adalah Menganalisis pengaruh luas tambak, pengetahuan petambak, produksi udang, kualitas air tambak, luas mangrove terhadap produktivitas tambak; Menganalisis pengaruh nilai produktivitas tambak terhadap nilai total ekonomi udang dan nilai total ekonomi mangrove; Memformulasikan model wanamina udang vaname berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sistem dinamik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Nilai Total Ekonomi Mangrove yang di dapat secara ekonomi lebih menguntungkan daripada Nilai Total Ekonomi Udang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Konsep wanamina udang vaname merupakan budidaya perikanan berkelanjutan yang mengkuantifikasikan nilai manfaat mangrove menjadi nilai ekonomi. Bauran dari rehabilitasi mangrove dan budidaya kultivan menghasilkan nilai ekonomi yang dapat digunakan untuk mitigasi dampak perubahan iklim.

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The current climate change is caused by anthropogenic activities related to energy use and industrial processes, which affect the temperature and climate of the Earth. Changes in temperature and climate can impact the four dimensions of food security: availability, stability, access, and utilization. The availability of aquatic products will vary due to changes in ecosystems, species production, distribution, and habitat. The current climate change is caused by human activities in energy use and industry, which have an influence on the Earth's temperature and climate. These changes can have an impact on four crucial aspects of food security: availability, stability, access, and utilization. The problem addressed in this research is the decline in shrimp production. The research aims to analyze the influence of pond area, farmers' knowledge, shrimp production, pond water quality, and mangrove area on pond productivity; analyze the impact of pond productivity on the total economic value of shrimp and the total economic value of mangroves; and formulate a sustainable model for vannamei shrimp farming. The method used in this research is dynamic systems. The results of this research show that the Total Economic Value of mangroves is economically more beneficial than the Total Economic Value of shrimp. The conclusion of this research is that the concept of sustainable vannamei shrimp farming, known as "wanamina," quantifies the benefits of mangroves into economic value. The combination of mangrove rehabilitation and culturing practices generates economic value that can be used for mitigating the impacts of climate change."

"Udang vaname merupakan komoditas unggulan dalam perikanan budidaya yang terus meningkat permintaannya. Budidaya udang vaname di Desa Batukaras, Kecamatan Cijulang, Kabupaten Pangandaran dilakukan dengan teknologi semi-intensif, penerapan teknologi ini tidak berkelanjutan karena kurangnya fasilitas pendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek fisik dan kualitas produksi serta status keberlanjutan juga menentukan strategi prioritas pengelolaan budidaya udang vaname yang berkelanjutan. Analisa status keberlanjutan dilakukan dengan survei dan wawancara dengan pembudidaya selanjutnya diolah dengan metode RAPFISH (The Rapid Appraisal of The Status Fisheries), untuk aspek fisik pengukuran kualitas air dilakukan secara in situ dan pengujian di laboratorium dengan parameter yang diukur yaitu suhu, salinitas, DO, pH, nitrit dan amoniak. Sedangkan penyusunan program prioritas diolah dengan metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) menggunakan perangkat lunak Expert Choice. Hasil penelitian nilai parameter kualitas air untuk suhu, salinitas, pH, DO dan nitrit serta kualitas udang sesuai dengan nilai standar, tetapi parameter amoniak jauh dari batas normal. Tingkat keberlanjutan multidimensi pengelolaan budidaya udang vaname di Desa Batukaras memiliki indeks keberkelanjutan sebesar 60,00 yang berarti cukup berkelanjutan. Pilihan program prioritas utama untuk keberlanjutan budidaya udang vaname yaitu program rehabilitasi infrastruktur kawasan tambak dengan nilai rasio kepentingan sebesar 0,29.

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Vaname shrimp is a superior commodity in aquaculture which continues to increase in demand. The farming of vaname shrimp in Batukaras Village, Cijulang Subdistrict, Pangandaran Regency is carried out with semi-intensive technology, the application of this technology is not sustainable due to lack of supporting facilities. This study aims to analyze the physical aspects and the quality of production and the sustainability status also determine the priority strategy for sustainable management of vaname shrimp. Analysis of sustainability status is carried out by surveys and interviews with farmers then processed using the RAPFISH method (The Rapid Appraisal of The Status Fisheries), for physical aspects measurement of water quality is carried out in situ and testing in the laboratory with measured parameters, namely temperature, salinity, DO, pH, nitrite and ammonia. While the preparation of priority programs is processed using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method using Expert Choice software. The results of the research are water quality parameter values for temperature, salinity, pH, DO and nitrite and the quality of shrimp according to standard values, but ammonia parameters are far from normal limits. The multidimensional sustainability level of vaname shrimp management in Batukaras Village has a sustainability index of 60.00 which means it is quite sustainable. The choice of the main priority program for the sustainability of vaname shrimp cultivation is the rehabilitation program for fishpond infrastructure with a value ratio of 0.29."

"Saat ini wilayah pesisir Karimunjawa menghadapi tantangan berupa peningkatan tambak udang secara intensif. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas tambak diduga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Pengolahan limbah yang ada tidak cukup baik sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran munculnya dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pada wilayah pesisir dan menyusun strategi pengendalian tambak udang menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kualitas air terutama parameter TSS, nitrat dan fosfat. Indeks keanekaragaman genus makrozoobenthos di Karimunjawa termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang, yang menggambarkan kondisi perairan tercemar sedang. Dampak pada wilayah pesisir berupa penurunan populasi Tridacna, konversi ekosistem mangrove menjadi lahan tambak, terjadi konflik sosial/pro-kontra pada masyarakat dan masih sedikitnya pengunaan tenaga kerja lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah strategi pengendalian tambak udang vaname menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos yaitu pemantauan kualitas air budidaya tambak udang menggunakan Capitella sebagai bioindikator makrozoobenthos yang dilaksanakan oleh petambak, perbaikan performansi kinerja tambak dengan penebaran benur dan FCR yang sesuai standar serta perbaikan kualitas air tambak sehingga tercapai keberlanjutan tambak udang dan kelestarian wilayah pesisir.

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Currently, the coastal of Karimunjawa is facing challenges in the form of an intensive increase in shrimp ponds. The problem in this research is that pond activities are suspected to have the potential to impact coastal areas. The existing waste treatment is not good enough, giving rise to concerns about the impact on coastal areas. The aim of the research was to determine the impact on coastal areas and develop strategies for controlling shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators. The method used is a mixed method (mixed method). The results showed that there has been a decrease in water quality, especially in the TSS, nitrate and phosphate parameters. The diversity index of the macrozoobenthos genus in Karimunjawa is included in the moderate diversity category, which describes the condition of moderately polluted waters. The impact on coastal areas is in the form of a decrease in the Tridacna population, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds, social conflicts / pros and cons in the community and the use of local workers is still minimal. The conclusion of this study is the strategy for controlling vannamei shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators, namely monitoring the quality of shrimp pond aquaculture water using Capitella as a macrozoobenthos bioindicator carried out by farmers, improving pond performance by stocking fry and FCR according to standards and improving pond water quality so that pond sustainability is achieved. shrimp and sustainability of coastal areas."

"Saat ini wilayah pesisir Karimunjawa menghadapi tantangan berupa peningkatan tambak udang secara intensif. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas tambak diduga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Pengolahan limbah yang ada tidak cukup baik sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran munculnya dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pada wilayah pesisir dan menyusun strategi pengendalian tambak udang menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kualitas air terutama parameter TSS, nitrat dan fosfat. Indeks keanekaragaman genus makrozoobenthos di Karimunjawa termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang, yang menggambarkan kondisi perairan tercemar sedang. Dampak pada wilayah pesisir berupa penurunan populasi Tridacna, konversi ekosistem mangrove menjadi lahan tambak, terjadi konflik sosial/pro-kontra pada masyarakat dan masih sedikitnya pengunaan tenaga kerja lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah strategi pengendalian tambak udang vaname menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos yaitu pemantauan kualitas air budidaya tambak udang menggunakan Capitella sebagai bioindikator makrozoobenthos yang dilaksanakan oleh petambak, perbaikan performansi kinerja tambak dengan penebaran benur dan FCR yang sesuai standar serta perbaikan kualitas air tambak sehingga tercapai keberlanjutan tambak udang dan kelestarian wilayah pesisir.

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Currently, the coastal of Karimunjawa is facing challenges in the form of an intensive increase in shrimp ponds. The problem in this research is that pond activities are suspected to have the potential to impact coastal areas. The existing waste treatment is not good enough, giving rise to concerns about the impact on coastal areas. The aim of the research was to determine the impact on coastal areas and develop strategies for controlling shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators. The method used is a mixed method (mixed method). The results showed that there has been a decrease in water quality, especially in the TSS, nitrate and phosphate parameters. The diversity index of the macrozoobenthos genus in Karimunjawa is included in the moderate diversity category, which describes the condition of moderately polluted waters. The impact on coastal areas is in the form of a decrease in the Tridacna population, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds, social conflicts / pros and cons in the community and the use of local workers is still minimal. The conclusion of this study is the strategy for controlling vannamei shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators, namely monitoring the quality of shrimp pond aquaculture water using Capitella as a macrozoobenthos bioindicator carried out by farmers, improving pond performance by stocking fry and FCR according to standards and improving pond water quality so that pond sustainability is achieved. shrimp and sustainability of coastal areas."

"Timbulnya black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas enzim polifenoloksidase PPO menyebabkan penurunan jumlah konsumen yang mengonsumsi udang tersebut. Sodium metabisulfit selama ini digunakan sebagai penghambat laju black spot pada udang. Zat tersebut bersifat efektif tetapi memiliki efek samping yang merugikan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak daun mangrove Avicennia marina dan potensinya dalam menghambat pembentukan black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei. Ekstrak dibuat dengan konsentrasi 1,5 dan 2 yang diimersi selama 15 menit dengan penyimpanan pada suhu 4oC selama 0, 3 dan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun mangrove 2 memiliki efektivitas yang terbaik pada pengujian organoleptik kenampakan,tekstur,sensori , TVB dan ALT dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun mangrove 1,5 dan kontrol.

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Black spot appearance on vamame shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei usually caused by polyphenoloxidase enzyme PPO activities that can decrease consumer demand to these shrimps. Sodium metabisulphite has been used to inhibit the rate of black spot formation in vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. This substance is effective to minimize blackspot, but it can give negative effect to human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization of mangrove Avicennia marina leaves extracts and its potential in inhibiting blackspot formation on vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Concentration of extract as much as 1,5 and 2 respectively were immersed for 15 minutes with 4oC temperature on day 0, day 3, and day 7 of storage. The result showed that 2 mangrove leaves extract has the best effectiveness based on organoleptic test appearance, texture, and sensory , TVB and TPC compared 1,5 mangrove leaves extract and control."

"Timbulnya black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas enzim polifenoloksidase PPO menyebabkan penurunan jumlah konsumen yang mengonsumsi udang tersebut. Sodium metabisulfit selama ini digunakan sebagai penghambat laju black spot pada udang. Zat tersebut bersifat efektif tetapi memiliki efek samping yang merugikan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak daun mangrove Avicennia marina dan potensinya dalam menghambat pembentukan black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei. Ekstrak dibuat dengan konsentrasi 1,5 dan 2 yang diimersi selama 15 menit dengan penyimpanan pada suhu 4oC selama 0, 3 dan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun mangrove 2 memiliki efektivitas yang terbaik pada pengujian organoleptik kenampakan,tekstur,sensori , TVB dan ALT dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun mangrove 1,5 dan kontrol.

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Black spot appearance on vamame shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei usually caused by polyphenoloxidase enzyme PPO activities that can decrease consumer demand to these shrimps. Sodium metabisulphite has been used to inhibit the rate of black spot formation in vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. This substance is effective to minimize blackspot, but it can give negative effect to human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization of mangrove Avicennia marina leaves extracts and its potential in inhibiting blackspot formation on vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Concentration of extract as much as 1,5 and 2 respectively were immersed for 15 minutes with 4oC temperature on day 0, day 3, and day 7 of storage. The result showed that 2 mangrove leaves extract has the best effectiveness based on organoleptic test appearance, texture, and sensory , TVB and TPC compared 1,5 mangrove leaves extract and control."

"Tidak semua air yang tersedia memenuhi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Salah satu metode pengolahan yang umum diterapkan adalah dengan proses koagulasi yang membutuhkan penambahan zat koagulan. Salah satu pilihan koagulan adalah kitosan, yang merupakan hasil ekstraksi dari limbah kulit udang. Kitosan memiliki kelebihan antara lain tidak memiliki efek samping dan mudah untuk mendapatkannya dalam jumlah banyak. Kitosan mempunyai gugus amino bebas sebagai polikationik, pengkelat dan pembentuk dispersi dalam larutan asam asetat. Karena sifat-sifat itu, kitosan bisa berinteraksi dengan partikel-partikel koloid yang terdapat di dalam air limbah melalui proses jembatan antar partikel flok (koagulasi). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Jar Test, di mana kemudian didapatkan hasil berupa efektivitas dari koagulan. Hasil Jar Test tersebut kemudian dibandingkan, yaitu antara efektivitas dua variasi kitosan yang diperoleh dari kulit udang vannamei (Lithophenaeus vannamei) dengan derajat deasitelasi berbeda, serta efektivitas koagulan kimia lain berdasarkan besarnya pengurangan parameter kualitas air. Persentase pengurangan parameter yang didapatkan untuk koagulan kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi 80% mencapai 99%, untuk koagulan kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi 90% hanya mencapai kisaran 50%-60%, sementara koagulan kimia tawas dapat mencapai 90%. Dari hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kitosan sebagai koagulan dengan derajat deasetilasi 80% lebih efektif jika dibandingkan dengan kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi 90% dan koagulan kimia tawas.

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Not all the water available to meet the quality standard set of processing that needs to be done first. One common method of treatment which is applied to the coagulation process requires addition of coagulants. One option is chitosan coagulant, which is extracted from shrimp shell waste. Chitosan has advantages such as no side effects and easy to obtain in large quantities. Chitosan has free amino groups as poly cationic, chelating agent and forming dispersions in acetic acid solution. Because of these traits, chitosan can interact with colloidal particles contained in the waste water through a process of inter-particle bridges flock (coagulation).

The method used in this study is the method of Jar Test, which then obtained the results of the effectiveness of the coagulant. Jar Test results are then compared, namely between the two variations of the effectiveness of chitosan derived from shrimp shells vannamei (Lithophenaeus vannamei) with different degrees of deacetylation, as well as the effectiveness of other chemical coagulants based on the amount of reduction in water quality parameters. The percentage reduction in coagulant parameters obtained for the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by 80% to 99%, for coagulant chitosan with deacetylation degree of 90% to only 50% -60% range, while the chemical coagulant alum can reach 90%. From these results, it can be concluded that the use of chitosan as a coagulant to the degree of deacetylation 80% more effective than chitosan with deacetylation degree of 90% and chemical coagulant alum. "

"Indonesia is the second largest supplier of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) in the USA market. Hence, the need for its sustainable production and improved growth. Probiotics, among others, are known for their growth enhancing attributes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of powder and liquid probiotics on the growth of white shrimps at the Minaloka Jaya shrimp ponds, Grabag District, Purwerojo Regency, Central Java. The shrimps were cultivated for 60 days and applied with three probiotic treatments, namely commercial liquid probiotics with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed, powder probiotics with dosage of 10 g/kg feed and liquid probiotic with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed. Each probiotic preparation was administered four times a day to over 150,000 vannamei shrimps which were cultured in a semi-intensive system. Probiotics in powder and liquid forms contain Lactobacillus fermentum, L acidophilus, L. plantarum, L, curvatus, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. polimyxa. B. megaterium, B. coagulans, Pseudomonasputida, Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. Using the Randomized Block Design (RBD), the three treatments were replicated five times. The application of probiotics in both powder and liquid forms had increased the growth yield of the vannamei shrimp. However, the powder probiotic had shown better growth performance than the commercial liquid probiotics and liquid preparation of probiotics. Probiotic powder form provides a specific growth rate (SGR) of 8.18%, absolute body length of 9.68 cm, absolute biomass of 6.78 g, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.93."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis bentuk dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sumber air laut, sumber air tawar petak A, air kolam 19, pakan buatan (pelet), saluran pencernaan, dan feses udang vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) di Tambak Udang Vannamei Unit Sobo, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Sampel air diambil dan disimpan dalam botol kaca sebanyak 300 ml, sampel pakan menggunakan pakan jenis SGH2 buatan perusahaan sendiri sebanyak 10 gr, sedangkan sampel udang digunakan sebanyak 5 individu dari kolam 19 dan tiap udang diambil bagian saluran pencernaan dan fesesnya. Sampel air, pakan, saluran pencernaan, dan feses diamati menggunakan mikroskop serta dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Sampel diambil pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2021 dengan DOC (Day of Culture) 53 dan penelitian berlangsung selama 1 bulan dari bulan Oktober hingga November 2021. Penelitian memperlihatkan tiga bentuk mikroplastik, yaitu fragmen, film, dan fiber. Mikroplastik bentuk fragmen mendominasi dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, berdasarkan data kelimpahan mikroplastik, diketahui bahwa mikroplastik pada pakan banyak yang tidak ditemukan ke dalam proses pencernaan. Kemudian, diketahui juga tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai kelimpahan, serta terdapat hubungan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan dan feses udang vannamei.

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This study analyzed the shape and abundance of microplastics in seawater sources, plot A freshwater source, pond water, artificial feed, digestive tract, and feces of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at Unit Sobo Shrimp Ponds, Banyuwangi, East Java. As much as 300 ml of water were taken and stored in glass bottles; feed samples made by the company itself, were taken as much as 10 grams; while shrimp samples were used as many as 5 individuals from 19 ponds, taken from the digestive tract and feces. Each sample were observed using a microscope and repeated 3 times. Samples were taken on October 25, 2021 with DOC (Day of Culture) 53 and the study lasted for 1 month from October to November 2021. Research shows three forms of microplastics, namely fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic fragments dominate in this study. In addition, based on data on the abundance of microplastics, it is known that many microplastics in feed are not found in the digestive process. Then, it was also known that there was no difference in the abundance value and that there was a relationship between the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract and feces."

"White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the prime shrimp commodities cultivated in Indonesia. As such, the discoveryof more efficient seed production techniquesfor this species is deemed necessary. Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum)extract containsthe cholesterol precursor called lanosterol, a phytosterol which is used by crustaceans to form the animal steroid hormone that is very crucial in their reproduction. Hence, this research aimed to determine the ovary development of mature L. van namei individuals injected with the Karamunting ethanol extract. The experiment was carried out in several stages.Firstly,injecting the white shrimp at the base of the 5th leg, every 3 days for 15 days with variable control dosage 0 (C), 10 mg/kg BW (T1), 7.5 mg/kg BW (T2), 5 mg/kg BW (T3), 2 mg/kg BW (T4) and 1 mg/kg BW (T5), where BW is Body Weight. Secondly, isolating the white shrimp parent ovary. Thirdly, measuring the progesterone level in the ovary using the Radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Fourthly, observing the histology of white shrimp parent ovary and, finally, analyzing the data. Measurements of the increase in progesterone levels showed that the administration of karamunting ethanol extract significantly affected the progesterone production (P˂0.05). Histology observations of gonadal development in the control, T5 and T4 showed that the cells developed to previtellogenesis oocytes whereas in treatment T1, T2 and T3 ovary cells developed into endogenous vitellogenesis oocytes and only in T1 did the ovarian cells develop to form exogenous vitellogenesis oocytes. Karamunting extract significantly increased the oocyte sizes(P˂0.05). At the start of the experiment, the average oocyte sizes wereat 15.57 ± 3.15 μm At the end of the experiment, the Control was at 25.29 ± 2.69 μm and the ovarian treatments produced the following oocyte sizes; T1 at 65.65 ± 2.64 μm, T2 at 63.98 ± 3.06 μm, T3 at 39.12 ± 6.01 μm, T4 at 28.08 ± 0.84 μm and T5 at 27.65 ± 0.71 μm. The extract produced oocyte sizes greater than at the beginning of maintenance and control. Apparently, the lanosterol in the karamunting extract had increased the hormone progesterone resulting in an accelerated gonadal maturity and enlargement of oocyte sizes in the parent individuals of the white shrimp"