Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Nyeri neuropatik merupakan rasa sakit akibat gangguan susunan saraf dengan prevalensi penderita sekitar 7 hingga 10 persen populasi dunia. Pengobatan alternatif menggunakan jamu herbal diajukan sebagai pengobatan minim efek samping dan harga terjangkau. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan perbandingan fenolik pada ekstrak cair dan padat Jamu Turun Tegang Saraf (TTS) yang terbuat dari pala (Myristica fragrans), cengkeh (Syzyangium aromaticum) dan jahe (Zingiber officinale) serta pengujian in silico aktivitas antiinflamasi senyawa aktif jamu. Ekstrak cair dihasilkan dari refluks air bahan segar dan bubuk simplisia sedangkan bubuk ekstrak dihasilkan dari pengeringan oven dan pengeringan beku. Total fenolik pada ekstrak cair bahan segar dan bubuk simplisia tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 298,5 mg GAE per L dan 983,3 mg GAE/L pada konsentrasi 100.000 ppm. Total fenolik pada bubuk ekstrak pengeringan oven dan pengeringan beku diperoleh 281,7 mg GAE per L dan 999,6 mg GAE per L. Analisis LC MS ekstrak jamu menunjukkan adanya senyawa seperti gingerol, shogaol, myristicin, eugenol, adenine, dan chlorogenic acid. Pengeringan baik oven dan pengeringan beku menurunkan luas area pada senyawa aktif, tetapi pengeringan beku memiliki pengaruh penurunan lebih kecil. Berdasarkan pengujian in silico menggunakan perangkat lunak MOE, didapatkan hasil berupa afinitas pengikatan yang tinggi antara senyawa aktif Jamu TTS sebagai ligan termodifikasi dengan protein siklooksigenase (COX 1 dan COX 2) sebagai penyebab inflamasi.

---

Neuropathic pain is pain due to nervous system disorders with a prevalence of sufferers around 7 to 10 percent of the world's population. Alternative medicine using herbal medicine is proposed as a treatment with minimal side effects and affordable prices. In this study, a comparison of phenolics will be carried out on liquid and solid extracts of Jamu Neuropathic Pain Reducer (NPR) made from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), cloves (Syzyangium aromaticum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) as well as in silico testing of anti-inflammatory activity of active compounds of herbs. The liquid extract is produced from water reflux of fresh material and simplisia powder while the extract powder is produced from oven drying and freeze drying. The highest total phenolics in fresh ingredient liquid extract and simplisia powder were obtained at 298.5 mg GAE per L and 983.3 mg GAE per L at a concentration of 100,000 ppm. Total phenolics in oven drying and freeze-drying extract powder obtained 281.7 mg GAE per L and 999.6 mg GAE per L. LC MS analysis of herbal extracts showed the presence of compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, myristicin, eugenol, adenine, and chlorogenic acid. Both oven drying and freeze drying decrease the area of the active compound, but freeze drying has a smaller decreasing effect. Based on molecular docking simulations using MOE software, results were obtained in the form of high binding affinity between the active compound of Jamu NPR as a modified ligand with cyclooxygenase proteins (COX 1 and COX 2) as the key role in inflammation."

"Propolis merupakan suatu campuran resin alami yang dikumpulkan lebah dari berbagai tanaman yang dihinggapinya. Umumnya, propolis dihasilkan dalam jumlah yang banyak oleh lebah yang tidak bersengat dibandingkan lebah yang bersengat. Di Indonesia, diketahui bahwa daerah Kalimantan, terutama Kalimantan Selatan, merupakan daerah dengan variasi spesies lebah tidak bersengat tertinggi. Pada penelitian ini, dipilih tiga sampel propolis dari spesies lebah Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, dan Tetragonula laeviceps asal Kalimantan Selatan. Pemilihan spesies lebah ini dilakukan berdasarkan data persebaran lebah di Indonesia yang dimiliki oleh Asosiasi Perlebahan Indonesia (API). Variasi asal daerah lebah penghasil propolis dan spesies lebah dapat menyebabkan kandungan senyawa kimia pada propolis sangat beragam. Adanya keragaman kandungan senyawa kimia pada setiap propolis akan menyebabkan senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi yang terdeteksi juga berbeda. Oleh karena itu dilakukan identifikasi senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi melalui pendekatan metabolomik yang mengkombinasikan metode analisis kimia dengan analisis statistik. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit secara umum dilakukan menggunakan instrumen LCMS/MS dan kemudian dipilih sembilan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi. Identifikasi senyawa yang berperan signifikan dalam aktivitas antiinflamasi dilakukan dengan analisis statistik multivariat menggunakan data senyawa potensi bioaktif antiinflamasi dan nilai IC50 sampel propolis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah diperoleh senyawa 18-β-Glycyrrhetinic acid sebagai senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi propolis Indonesia.

---

Propolis is a natural resin mixture that bees collect from the various plants they inhabit. Generally, propolis is produced in greater quantities by stingless bees than stingless bees. In Indonesia, it is known that Kalimantan, especially South Kalimantan, is an area with the highest variety of stingless bee species. In this study, three propolis samples were selected from the bee species Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, and Tetragonula laeviceps from South Kalimantan. The selection of bee species is based on data on the distribution of bees in Indonesia owned by the Indonesian Beekeeping Association (API). Variations in the origin of the propolis-producing bees and bee species can cause the content of chemical compounds in propolis to vary widely. The diversity of chemical compounds in each propolis will cause the detected anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds to be different. Therefore, identification of anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds was carried out through a metabolomics approach that combined chemical analysis methods with statistical analysis. Identification of metabolites in general was carried out using the LCMS/MS instrument and then nine compounds were selected as potential anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. Identification of compounds that play a significant role in anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by multivariate statistical analysis using data on potential anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds and IC50 values of propolis samples. The results of this study were obtained by the compound 18-β-Glycyrrhetinic acid as an anti-inflammatory bioactive compound in Indonesian propolis."

"Dehidrozingeron adalah analog kurkumin hasil isolasi dari jahe Zingiber officinale yang diketahui memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologis. Walaupun begitu, dehidrozingeron masih belum diakui sebagai obat karena efeknya yang belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan modifikasi struktur melalui reaksi Mannich yang diketahui dapat meningkatkan aktivitas farmakologis senyawa. Sintesis dilaksanakan dengan dua metode. Metode pertama dilakukan melalui reaksi kondensasi aldol antara vanilin dan aseton, dilanjutkan dengan reaksi Mannich menggunakan morfolin dan formaldehid. Rendemen crude dan rendemen murni yang dihasilkan pada masing-masing tahap adalah 76,94 dan 32,48 serta 51,83 dan 19,71. Metode kedua dilakukan dengan mensintesis vanilin morfolin dengan reaksi Mannich, dilanjutkan dengan kondensasi aldol menggunakan aseton. Rendemen crude yang dihasilkan adalah 51,19 dan 35,99. Hasil sintesis metode 1 diuji kemurniannya melalui uji KLT dan pengujian jarak lebur. Senyawa dielusidasi dengan spektrofotometri FT-IR, spektrofotometri UV-Vis, spektrometri 1H-NMR, spektrometri 13C-NMR serta MS. Setelah itu, dilaksanakan studi aktivitas antiinflamasi secara in vitro dan in silico. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan teknik denaturasi albumin. Hasil IC50 yang diperoleh untuk senyawa uji adalah 12.261 M yang menunjukkan aktivitasnya lebih rendah 0,65 kali daripada natrium diklofenak. Nilai ?G yang diperoleh melalui AutoDock lebih rendah daripada dehidrozingeron, yakni sebesar -6,94 kkal/mol dan -6,78 kkal/mol untuk target COX-1 dan COX-2.

---

Dehydrozingerone is a curcumin analogue isolated from ginger which is known to have a variety of pharmacological activities. However, dehidrozingeron isn rsquo t acknowledged as a drug yet as the effect is not optimal. Therefore, structure modification via Mannich reaction that is known to increase the pharmacological activities is then performed.

Synthesis is done in two methods. The first method is done by reacting vanillin and acetone, followed by Mannich reaction using morpholine. Crude yield and pure yield obtained from each step is 76,94 and 32,48 , and 51,83 and 38 respectively. The second method is done by synthesizing vanillin morpholine first, followed by aldol condensation using acetone. Crude yield obtained from each step is 51.19 dan 39.95.

The compound is then evaluated for purity by TLC and melting point determination, elucidated with FT IR and UV Vis spectrophotometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrometry and MS. After that, antiinflammatory activity is studied by in vitro and in silico methods. In vitro assay is done using albumin denaturation technique.

The IC50 result is 12.261 M, showing the activity to be 0.63 times lower than diclofenac sodium. G value from AutoDock is lower than dehydrozingerone, which is 6,94 kkal mol and 6,78 kkal mol for the COX 1 and COX 2."

"Inflamasi merupakan reaksi lokal pada jaringan vaskular terhadap cedera yang salah satu mediatornya adalah leukotrien. Leukotrien dihasilkan dari metabolisme asam arakidonat oleh lipoksigenase dan dapat meningkatkan permeabilitas kapiler dan meningkatkan adhesi leukosit pada pembuluh kapiler selama cedera atau infeksi. Kebanyakan obat-obatan anti inflamasi yang beredar di pasaran saat ini hanya bekerja dengan cara menghambat aktivitas enzim siklooksigenase saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek antiinflamasi dari daun Costus speciosus Smith. melalui penghambatan aktivitas enzim lipoksigenase menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 234 nm. Hasil uji penghambatan enzim lipoksigenase menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana memiliki IC50 2,4432 µg/mL, ekstrak etil asetat memiliki IC50 0,0706 µg/mL, dan ekstrak etanol IC50 0,4504 µg/mL. Ekstrak etil asetat daun Costus speciosus Smith. ini memiliki penghambatan lipoksigenase yang kuat dibandingkan baikalein (IC50=0,240). Selanjutnya dilakukan penapisan senyawa kimia pada ekstrak etil asetat sebagai ekstrak teraktif, hasilnya yaitu ekstrak etil asetat daun Costus speciosus Smith. mengandung flavonoid, saponin, antrakuinon, terpenoid dan steroid. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat daun Costus speciosus Smith. merupakan ekstrak teraktif dalam penghambatan aktivitas lipoksigenase.

---

Inflammation is a local reactions at the vascular tissue to injury that mediated by leukotriens. Leukotriens produced by lipoxygenase pathway, those can increase the permeability of capillaries and improves the adhesion of leukocytes to capillaries during injury or infection. Many kind of drugs for anti-inflamation are cyclooxygenase inhibitor. This research aimed to identify anti-inflammatory effect of Costus speciosus Smith. leaves through inhibition of lipoxygenase activity which tested by Spectrophotometer UV-Visible (λ=234 nm). Lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition test showed that n-hexane extract had IC50 2.4432 µg/mL, the ethyl acetate extract had IC50 0.0706 µg/mL, and ethanol extract IC50 0.4504 µg/mL. Ethyl acetate extract of Costus speciosus Smith. leaves has stronger inhibition of lipoxygenase compared to baikalein (IC50 = 0.240). Phytochemical screening showed that in ethyl acetate extract of Costus speciosus Smith. leaves contains flavonoids, saponins, hydroquinones, terpenoids, and steroids. It can be concluded that ethyl acetate extract of Costus speciosus Smith. leaves an extract of the most active in the inhibition of lipoxygenase activity."

"Kayu manis (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn) merupakan tanaman yang ada di Indonesia dengan kandungan flavonoid yang diketahui memiliki efek antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis terhadap tikus Sprague Dawley yang dibuat udem pada telapak kaki kirinya. Tikus dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yang masing-masing terdiri dari 6 ekor. Pada kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan CMC 0.5%, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan natrium diklofenak 27mg/200g bb, kelompok perlakuan diberi ekstrak etanol 70% kulit batang kayu manis dengan dosis 280mg, 560mg dan 1120mg/200g bb peroral. Setelah 30 menit pemberian peroral, telapak kaki kiri tikus diinduksi dengan 0.4 ml karaginan 1% untuk menimbulkan udem. Pengukuran volume udem dilakukan menggunakan pletismometer dalam interval waktu 1 jam selama 6 jam. Data yang diperoleh dihitung presentase penghambatan udemnya dan dianalisis menggunakan SPPSS 19. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) pada pemberian ekstrak kayu manis dengan control positif dan kontrol negatif dan dosis 1120mg/200g bb yang paling baik memberikan efek sebagai antiinflamasi. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kayu manis memiliki efek antiinflamasi.

---

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn is one of Indonesian plant that contains flavonoid and known as anti-inflammatory agent. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of C. zeylanicum Breyn bark extract as anti-inflammatory in rat Sprague Dawley that is induced edema on its left paw. The rats are divided into five groups and each group consists of six rats. Group I function as negative control is given, group II as positive control is given natrium diklofenac 27mg/200g bb, group III, IV and V are given the extract with dose 280mg/200g bb, 560mg/200g bb and 1120mg/200g bb. After 30 minute, left paw of the rats are injected with 0.4 ml carrageenan 1% to induce edema. The volume of edema was measured every hour during 6 hours using pletismometer. The percentage of edema inhibition is counted and analyzed using SPSS 19. The result shows that the extract treated was significantly different (p<0,05) with positive and negative control and at dose 1120mg/200g bb gives the best effect as an anti-inflammatory. In conclude, the extract has anti-inflammatory effect."

"Obat antiinflamasi didefinisikan sebagai golongan obat yang memiliki aktivitas menekan atau mengurangi peradangan, terutama obat antiinflamasi non steorid. Salah satu efek samping dari obat antiinflamasi non steroid adalah menyebabkan penyakit tukak lambung. Penyakit tukak lambung yang disebabkan oleh obat antiinflamasi dapat diobati dengan propolis. Di samping memiliki sifat anti tukak lambung, beberapa penelitian luar negeri mengatakan bahwa propolis memiliki efek antiinflamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi sifat antiinflamasi propolis lokal, beserta molekul penandanya. Propolis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah propolis lebah tak bersengat dari daerah Sulawesi Selatan yaitu Tetragronula sp, dengan spesifikasi propolis padatan dan karang. Penelitian mengenai efek antiinflamasi dari propolis menggunakan metode in vivo dengan hewan uji tikus jantan sprague dawley. Metode ini menggunakan karagenan sebagai zat penginduksi inflamasi dan natrium diklofenak 135 mg/kg sebagai kontrol positif. Dosis yang akan diberikan adalah 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, dan 200 mg/kg untuk propolis padatan, serta 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, dan 100 mg/kg untuk propolis karang. Data diolah dengan statistik ANOVA satu arah dan Kruskall Wallis, dengan program SPSS 23.0. Hasil dari pengukuran sampel dengan metode LC-MS didapatkan grafik kromatogram dan spektra massa yang datanya diolah menggunakan program MassLynx 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan propolis padatan dengan dosis 50 mg/kg memiliki daya antiinflamasi yang paling baik sebesar 61,81 , yang disusul dengan propolis karang dosis 25 mg/kg dengan daya antiinflamasi 58,12 . Dengan metode LC-MS/MS, berhasil diidentifikasi 7 senyawa yang memiliki potensi sebagai molekul penanda antiinflamasi pada propolis padatan dan karang. Senyawa [6]-dehidrogingerdion, alfa-tokoferol suksinat, adiperforin, 6-epiangustifolin ditemukan pada kedua propolis. Senyawa deoksipodofilotoksin dan kurarinon ditemukan pada propolis padatan, serta xantoxiletin ditemukan pada propolis karang.

---

Antiinflammatory drug are types of drug that have abilities to inhibit or reduced an inflammation, especially Non Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs NSAID . One of side effect of using the non steroid type is causing ulcerogenic disease. Ulcerogenic disease that caused by the antiinflammatory drug can be cured by propolis. Beside having an ability to cure ulcerogenic disease, propolis have the ability to cure an inflammation according to some international studies. The research main purpose are to identify antiinflammatory properties of Indonesian propolis and also the biomarkers. The propolis that used in this research were the one from stingless bee that can be found in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, which was Tetragronula sp and 2 types of propolis that used were smooth and rough propolis. The method that used to identify propolis anti inflammatory properties was in vivo method with sprague dawley white rat as the tested animal. In this method, inflammation was induced by carrageenan and 135 mg kg diclofenac sodium was used as positive control.

Dose of propolis that used in this research were 50 mg kg, 100 mg kg, 200 mg kg for smooth propolis and 25 mg kg, 50 mg kg, 100 mg kg for rough propolis. The measurement data was analyzed with One Way ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis statistical test in SPSS 23.0. After that, to identified antiinflammatory molecule marker in Propolis, LC MS MS method was used. From LC MS MS, chromatogram graph and mass spectra of the compounds would be gotten. The result of this method was analyzed by MassLynx 4.1. program. The result from this research indicated smooth propolis with dose 50 mg kg had the the best inflammatory inhibition and the value was 61,81 . In addition, rough propolis with dose 25 mg kg was the best dose after soft propolis with dose 50 mg kg and the value was 58,12 . Therefore, based on those result, both propolis had antiinflammatory effect. Moreover, if soft and rough propolis were compared in the same dose, soft propolis had more significant inflammatory inhibition than rough propolis. From LC MS MS result, 7 antiinflammatory compounds were identified as the potential antiinflammatory biomarker in propolis. 6 dehydrogingerdione, alpha tocopherol succinate, adhyperforin, and 6 epiangustifolin were identified in smooth and rough propolis. Deoxypodophyllotoxin and kurarinone were identified in smooth propolis. Meanwile xanthoxyletin was identified in rough propolis."

"Objective: Garcinia xanthochymus extract has been reported to have several pharmacological properties. This studywas conducted to evaluate cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of G. xanthochymus extracts on cell lines.Methods: The roots and stem barks of plant were extracted using maceration method with n-hexane, dichloromethaneand methanol, successively. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was tested against MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma usingMTT assay. Anti-inflammatory study was evaluated using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The nitric oxideproduction in LPS-stimulated cells was measured using Griess reagent. Results: The results of cytotoxic and antiinflammatorystudy showed that dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of root and stem bark exhibited cytotoxicactivity in dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, for anti-inflammatory study, all root extracts together with stem barkdichloromethane and n-hexane extracts reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated cells in dose dependent manner.Conclusions: This finding indicated that G. xanthochymus extracts might become interesting candidate for treatment ofcancer and inflammation."

"Asam salisilat memiliki aktivitas anti-inflamasi dan antioksidan, namun dapat menimbulkan efek samping pada saluran cerna. Modifikasi gugus karboksilat senyawa tersebut menjadi turunan amida dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi kekurangannya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis senyawa analog salisilamida, 2‐hidroksi‐N‐(piridin‐2‐il)benzamida (1) dan turunan basa Mannich-nya (2a-f). Berdasarkan hasil uji aktivitas anti-inflamasi in vitro dengan metode penghambatan denaturasi protein, senyawa hasil sintesis menunjukkan aktivitas anti-inflamasi dengan hasil uji IC50 pada rentang = 0,118-0,434 mM. Aktivitas tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan piroksikam yang digunakan sebagai senyawa standar (IC50 = 0,0073 mM). Senyawa 2e, 2‐hidroksi‐N‐(piridin‐2‐il)benzamida tersubstitusi basa Mannich 2,6-dimetilmorfolin merupakan senyawa paling tinggi aktivitasnya. Energi ikatan (DG) yang diperoleh dari studi penambatan molekul adalah -8,49 kkal/mol pada reseptor COX-1 (PDB ID: 1EQG) dan -8,92 kkal/mol pada reseptor COX-2 (PDB ID: 5KIR). Pengujian antioksidan dengan metode DPPH diperoleh rentang IC50 = 0,63-12,90 mM, sedangkan dengan metode FRAP diperoleh EC50 antara 0,68-0,91 mM. Semua senyawa hasil sintesis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan standar asam askorbat (metode DPPH, IC50= 0,0021 mM; metode FRAP, EC50= 0,008 mM).

---

Salicylic acid is a natural active substance known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but it has side effects in gastrointestinal tract. The modification of its carboxylic groups into amide derivatives can be a solution to overcome its weakness. In this study we synthesized salicylamide analog, 2‐hydroxy‐N‐(pyridine‐2-yl)benzamide (1) and its Mannich base derivatives (2a-f). Based on an in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity test using the inhibition protein denaturation method, the synthesized compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity. The IC50 obtained was in the range of 0.118-0.434 mM. The activity was lower than piroxicam used as a standard compound (IC50 = 0.0073 mM). Compound 2e, 2‐hydroxy‐N‐(pyridine‐2-yl)benzamide substituted by 2,6-dimethylmorpholin Mannich base, showed the highest activity with IC50= 1.18 mM. The binding energy (DG) obtained from molecular docking study was -8.49 kcal/mol and -8.92 kcal/mol for COX-1 and COX-2 receptors (PDB ID: 1EQG and 5KIR) protein target respectively. The antioxidant activity using DPPH test was obtained with IC50 in the range of 0.63-12.90 mM, while using the FRAP method EC50 in the range of 0.68-0.91 mM. All the synthesized compounds had lower antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid used as a standard (DPPH method, IC50 = 0.0021 mM; FRAP methode, EC50 = 0.008 mM)"

"ABSTRACTThree types of cyclopentanone derivatives have been synthesized from aromatic aldehyde and ketone derivatives undera base condition through aldol condensation. These cyclopentanone products were 2,5-dibenzylidene-cyclopentanone (a), 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-cyclopentanone (b),and 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-cyclopentanone (c)which has a yield of 63-99%. The chemical structure of these compounds were determined using UV, IR and NMRspectroscopy. In order to clarify the role of hydroxyl and amine moieties, toxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatoryactivities were carried out. The toxic test indicated that thecompounds showed strong toxicity. In addition, the presenceof hydroxyl and amine groups on both rings of curcumin increased the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities."

"Kurkumin merupakan senyawa aktif yang diisolasi dari Curcuma longa dan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi. Namun, senyawa ini memiliki bioavailabilitas oral yang rendah. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan memformulasikan kurkumin dalam nanoemulsi melalui rute pemberian injeksi intravena. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh sediaan injeksi nanoemulsi kurkumin yang memenuhi persyaratan sediaan parenteral serta stabilitas yang baik secara fisikoimia dan menegtahui efektivitas sediaan parenteral naneomulsi kurkumin pada hewan model inflamasi.Pada penelitian ini terdapat enam formula dengan variasi tiga konsentrasi surfaktan (1,8%; 2,4%; dan 3%) dan dua konsentrasi kurkumin (1% dan 3%). Formula di evaluasi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, potensial zeta, viskositas, pH, entrapment efficiency (EE), osmolalitas, sterilitas, dan morfologi partikel. Pada uji antiinflamasi, digunakan Formula 3 (F3) dengan dosis 20 mg/kg BB dan 40 mg/kg BB yang diberikan secara intravena kemudian kontrol pembanding deberikan melalui rute oral dengan dosis 40 mg/kg BB dan 200 mg/kg BB. Evaluasi efektivitas aktivitas antiinflmasi sediaan uji pada tikus yang diinduksi 0,2 mL karagenan 1%. Hasil penelitian didapatkan F3 dengan ukuran partikel 322,67±11,26 nm; potensial zeta -41,2±0,98 mV; PdI 0,13±0,01; efisiensi penjerapan 96,56±1,01%; pH 6,05±0,05; dan viskositas 6,63±0,25 merupakan formula terbaik yang dilanjutkan untuk uji aktivitas antiinflamasi. Studi aktivitas antiinflamasi menghasilkan kelompok 4 rute IV dosis 40 mg/kg BB menunjukkan persentase penghambatan pembengkakan hampir serupa dengan injeksi ketorolak 2,7 mg/kg BB. Formula sediaan nanoemulsi kurkumin yang menunjukkan stabilitas yang baik selama 3 bulan dan memenuhi persyaratan sediaan steril yaitu F3. Sediaan nanoemulsi kurkumin secara efektif dapat menurunkan volume edema dan diameter telapak kaki tikus Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi 0,2 mL karagenan 1% pada pemberian dosis 40 mg/kg BB.

---

Curcumin is the main active compound isolated from Curcuma longa which has anti-inflammatory activity. However, this compound has low oral bioavailability. This problem can be overcome by formulating curcumin in nanoemulsis through intravenous injection. This study aims to obtain curcumin nanoemulsi injection preparations that meet the requirements for parenteral preparations as well as good physicochemical stability and to determine the effectiveness of curcumin nanoemulsi parenteral preparations in animal models of inflammation. In this study there were six formulas with variations of three concentrations of surfactants (1,8%; 2,4%; and 3%) and two concentrations of curcumin (1% and 3%). The formula was evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, viscosity, pH, entrapment efficiency (EE), osmolality, sterility, and particle morphology. In the anti-inflammatory test, Formula 3 (F3) was used at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW and 40 mg/kg BW which was given intravenously then a comparison control was administered via the oral route at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory activity of the test preparations in rats induced by 0,2 mL of 1% carrageenan. Monitored the volume of the paws of rats using a plestimometer.The results of the study obtained F3 with a particle size of 322,67 ± 11,26 nm; zeta potential -41,2±0,98 mV; polydisperity index 0,13±0,01; adsorption efficiency of 96,56 ± 1,01%; pH 6,05 ± 0,05;viscosity 6,63 ± 0,25 was the best formula which was continued for antiinflammatory activity tests. The study of anti-inflammatory activity showed that group IV 40 mg/kg BW showed almost the same percentage of swelling inhibition as ketorolac injection of 2,7 mg/kg BW. The formula for curcumin nanoemulsi showed good stability for 3 months and met the requirements for sterile preparations, namely F3. Curcumin nanoemulsi preparations can effectively reduce the volume of edema and paw diameter of Sprague Dawley rats induced by 0,2 mL carrageenan 1% at a dose of 40 mg/kgBW."