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"Raja Willem-Alexander dari kerajaan Belanda melakukan tiga kunjungan kenegaraan pada tahun 2022 ke Austria, Swedia, dan Yunani. Pada kunjungan tersebut dilakukan jamuan kenegaraan, dan terdapat pidato kenegaraan sebagai bentuk komunikasi formal dalam rangkaian acaranya. Dalam pembukaan pidato tersebut, ditemukan adanya penggunaan strategi kesantunan berbahasa. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana penggunaan strategi kesantunan positif, strategi kesantunan negatif, serta strategi kesantunan mana yang paling dominan digunakan oleh Raja Willem-Alexander dalam pembukaan pidato pada jamuan kenegaraan saat kunjungan kenegaraan tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Raja Willem-Alexander paling banyak menggunakan strategi kesantunan positif dari pada kesantunan negatif. Strategi kesantunan positif yang digunakan seperti menggunakan bahasa yang sama dengan pendengar, memuji dengan metafora, mengakui kepemilikkan atau pencapaian pendengar, serta menunjukkan optimisme hubungan dengan pendengar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Raja Willem-Alexander lebih memilih memenuhi kebutuhan pendengar untuk merasa dihargai, dibutuhkan, dan diakui (kesantunan positif), ketimbang untuk mengutamakan atau memberi kebebasan pendengar (kesantunan negatif).

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King Willem-Alexander of the Kingdom of the Netherlands made three state visits in 2022 to Austria, Sweden and Greece. During these visits, state banquets were held, and there was a state speech as a form of formal communication in the series of events. In the opening of the speech, the use of language politeness strategies was found. This research discusses how the use of positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and which politeness strategies are most dominantly used by King Willem-Alexander in the opening speech at the state banquet during the state visit in 2022. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that King Willem-Alexander used more positive politeness strategies than negative politeness. He used positive politeness strategies such as using the same language as the listener, praising with metaphors, recognizing the listener's ownership or achievement, and showing optimism in the relationship with the listener. This shows that King Willem-Alexander prefers to fulfill the listener's need to feel valued, needed, and recognized (positive politeness), rather than to prioritize or give the listener freedom (negative politeness)."

"[ABSTRAKPenobatan Willem Alexander menjadi raja Belanda merupakan peristiwa sejarah yang menjadi sorotan dunia. Peristiwa ini menjadi topik utama di Belanda pada saat itu. Karikatur adalah salah satu media penyampaian opini masyarakat. Nederlands Dagblad Online merupakan salah satu portal berita Belanda yang turut mengabadikan peristiwa itu melalui karikatur karya kartunis Willeke Brouwer. Penulis ingin melihat reaksi masyarakat Belanda terhadap peristiwa besar ini dengan menganalisis keseluruhan bangun karikatur, baik gambar maupun teks berupa judul dan tuturan. Teks yang berupa tuturan dari tokoh dianalisis berdasarkan teori tindak tutur menurut Austin dengan melihat tindak lokusi dan ilokusinya serta melihat arah perubahan antara kata-kata (woorden) dengan fakta (wereld). Selain itu juga dilihat jenis dari tindak ilokusinya menurut teori tindak ilokusi Searle. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif untuk menganalisis karikatur secara keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respon masyarakat Belanda terhadap penobatan Willem Alexander menjadi raja cenderung negatif yang menunjukkan keraguan, kurangnya antusiasme, dan rasa pesimistis.

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ABSTRACTThe coronation of Willem Alexander became King of the Netherlands was a historical event which became a spotlight of the world. This event became a major topic in the Netherlands at that time. Caricature is one of the society's media to deliver their opinions. Nederlands Dagblad Online news portal is one of those media which captured that moment through caricatures created by Willeke Brouwer. The author would like to see the reaction of the Netherlands society of this great event by analyzing the whole structure of caricatures, either in images and texts in the form of title and speech acts. The text in the form of speech acts is analysed based on Austin?s theory of speech acts by looking at the locutions and the illocutions as well as the change occured between the words (woorden) and the world (wereld). Besides that, the text also analysed by looking at the category of illocutionary acts according to Searle?s theory.This study uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis to analyze the whole caricature panels with the speech acts in it. The results shows that society?s response toward the Coronation of Willem Alexander as the King of the Netherlands tends to be negative which indicates doubt, lack of enthusiasm, and a sense of pessimistic.;The coronation of Willem Alexander became King of the Netherlands was a historical event which became a spotlight of the world. This event became a major topic in the Netherlands at that time. Caricature is one of the society's media to deliver their opinions. Nederlands Dagblad Online news portal is one of those media which captured that moment through caricatures created by Willeke Brouwer. The author would like to see the reaction of the Netherlands society of this great event by analyzing the whole structure of caricatures, either in images and texts in the form of title and speech acts. The text in the form of speech acts is analysed based on Austin?s theory of speech acts by looking at the locutions and the illocutions as well as the change occured between the words (woorden) and the world (wereld). Besides that, the text also analysed by looking at the category of illocutionary acts according to Searle?s theory.This study uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis to analyze the whole caricature panels with the speech acts in it. The results shows that society?s response toward the Coronation of Willem Alexander as the King of the Netherlands tends to be negative which indicates doubt, lack of enthusiasm, and a sense of pessimistic., The coronation of Willem Alexander became King of the Netherlands was a historical event which became a spotlight of the world. This event became a major topic in the Netherlands at that time. Caricature is one of the society's media to deliver their opinions. Nederlands Dagblad Online news portal is one of those media which captured that moment through caricatures created by Willeke Brouwer. The author would like to see the reaction of the Netherlands society of this great event by analyzing the whole structure of caricatures, either in images and texts in the form of title and speech acts. The text in the form of speech acts is analysed based on Austin’s theory of speech acts by looking at the locutions and the illocutions as well as the change occured between the words (woorden) and the world (wereld). Besides that, the text also analysed by looking at the category of illocutionary acts according to Searle’s theory.This study uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis to analyze the whole caricature panels with the speech acts in it. The results shows that society’s response toward the Coronation of Willem Alexander as the King of the Netherlands tends to be negative which indicates doubt, lack of enthusiasm, and a sense of pessimistic.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas tindak tutur ilokusi dan bentuk tuturan langsung atu tidak langsung pada Pidato Vladimir putin dalam sebuah konferensi pers setelah melakukan pembicaraan dengan presiden Jokowi pada kunjungannya di kremlin Moskow tahun 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan jenis tindak tutur ilokusi serta bentuk tuturan yang terdapat pada pidato Vladimir Putin dalam konferensi Pers pada kunjungan Presiden Jokowi di Kremlin, Moskow Tahun 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori tindak tutur George Yule (1996). Sumber data penelitian ini adalah transkrip video yang diunggah oleh situs kremlin.ru berjudul «Заявления для прессы по итогам российско-индонезийских переговоров». Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari temuan 23 ujaran yang mengandung tindak tutur ilokusi terdapat 13 tuturan ilokusi dengan jenis representatif, 2 tuturan ilokusi jenis direktif, 4 tuturan ilokusi jenis komisif dan 4 tuturan jenis ekspresif. Tidak ditemukan jenis tindak tutur deklaratif dalam ujaran pidato. 20 tuturan di antaranya merupakan bentuk tindak tutur langsung dan 3 tuturan merupakan bentuk tindak tutur tidak langsung.

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This study discusses the illocutionary speech acts and direct or indirect forms of speech in Vladimir Putin's speech at a press conference after holding talks with President Jokowi during his visit to the Moscow Kremlin in 2022. The study aims to identify and classify the types of illocutionary speech acts and the forms speech found in Vladimir Putin's speech at a press conference during President Jokowi's visit to the Kremlin, Moscow in 2022. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using George Yule's (1996) speech act theory. The data source for this research is a video transcript uploaded by the site kremlin.ru entitled «Заявления для прессы по итогам российско-индонезийских переговоров». The results of this research show that from the findings of 23 utterances containing illocutionary speech acts, there are 13 illocutionary utterances of the representative type, 2 illocutionary utterances of the directive type, 4 illocutionary utterances of the commissive type and 4 utterances of the expressive type. No type of declarative speech act was found in the speech utterance. 20 utterances are direct speech acts and 3 utterances are indirect speech acts."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini menganalisis penggunaan strategi kesantunan dan prinsip kerjasama dalam bentuk tuturan antartokoh yang disadur dari sebuah buku novel berjudul /Tyufyak/Pemalas karya Aleksey Feofilaktovich Pisemsky. Metode yang digunakan berupa deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh beberapa penggunaan strategi kesantunan dan didapatkan pelanggaran pada prinsip kerjasama yang terjadi dalam beberapa sampel tuturan yang ditemukan.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis analyses the usage of politeness strategy and cooperative principles in the form of dialogues between the novel?s characters, adapted from a novella titled Тюфяк/Tjufjak/The Blockhead, collected from a novel titled Тюфяк/Tjufjak written by Aleksey Feofilaktovich Pisemsky. The method used in this thesis is analytical-descriptive with qualitative approach. The analysis resulting in findings of several usages of politeness strategies and several violations to cooperative principles that occured in various found samples of speeches."

"Keberhasilan Bongbong dalam pemilihan umum Filipina tahun 2022 seakan menjadi alarm peringatan bagi keberlangsungan demokrasi di Filipina. Situasi tersebut dilatarbelakangi adanya dugaan distribusi disinformasi melalui media sosial sebagai strategi kampanye politik. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, studi ini berusaha untuk meneliti serta melihat bagaimana strategi disinformasi di dalam media sosial berperan penting dalam keberhasilan Marcos Jr. (Bongbong). Pengumpulan data diambil dari aplikasi Tiktok selama masa kampanye antara Februari 2022 hingga Mei 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan analisis isi melalui konsep manipulasi politik Gregory Whitefield. Melalui metode dan analisis tersebut, ditemukan bahwa disinformasi telah didistribusikan melalui aplikasi media sosial berhasil mengubah “framing” buruk keluarga Bongbong dan menarik simpati pemilih untuk memberikan dukungan suara kepada Bongbong. Konten disinformasi melalui Tiktok yang ditemukan dalam studi ini antara lain mengenai penculikan keluarga Marcos, klaim Filipina sebagai macan Asia di bawah pemerintah, dan perintah Marcos untuk tidak menyerang sipil. Berdasarkan konsep manipulasi politik Gregory Whitefield, Bongbong menggunakan strategi manipulasi individu. Bongbong serta pendukungnya telah melakukan distribusi konten disinformasi sehingga pemilih menganggap berita mengenai “kepahlawanan” keluarganya adalah benar. Sebagai dampaknya, konten tersebut berhasil menarik pemilih muda sebagai pengguna aktif media sosial, khususnya mendominasi Tiktok.

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Bongbong's success in the 2022 Philippine elections has become a warning alarm for democratic continuance in the Philippines. The situation against the background is an alleged distribution of disinformation through social media as a political campaign strategy. Based on the problem, the study attempted to investigate and see how disinformation strategies in social media played a significant role in the success of Marcos Jr. (Bongbong). Data collection was taken from a Tiktok application during the campaign period between February 2022 and May 2022. The study employed qualitative methods and content analysis through Gregory Whitefield's concept of political manipulation. Through the method and analysis, it was found that disinformation distributed through the application of social media successfully altered the "framing" of the Bongbong family and appeals to voters' sympathy for providing vote support to the Bongbong. Content disinformation through the chives found in this study included the abduction of the Marcos family, the Philippine claim as an “The Tiger of Asia” under the government, and Marcos's order not to invade civilians. Based on Gregory Whitefield's concept of political manipulation, Bongbong has used individual manipulation strategies. Bongbong and his supporters have done disinformation content distribution to make voters feel that the "heroism" of their family is true. As a result, the content has succeeded in attracting young voters."

"Setiap peserta tutur yang terlibat di dalam percakapan diharapkan untuk senantiasa menjaga kelancaran dari proses komunikasi dengan menggunakan strategi kesantunan untuk menghindari terjadinya suatu konflik. Penggunaan dari strategi kesantunan ini sangat penting bagi wanita, mengingat posisi subordinat wanita di masyarakat yang mengharuskan mereka untuk berperilaku santun, khususnya ketika melakukan percakapan. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian skripsi ini, penulis menjelaskan karakteristik dari wicara wanita yang tercermin di dalam tuturan strategi kesantunan yang diucapkan oleh tokoh Anne dan Mary dalam film The Other Boleyn Girl. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, skripsi ini menganalisis pemilihan tuturan dalam beberapa dialog dua tokoh protagonis, Anne dan Mary. Teori tindak pengancam muka dari Brown & Levinson (1987) digunakan untuk menguraikan strategi kesantunan yang diterapkan oleh Anne dan Mary di dalam tuturannya, dan konsep karakteristik wicara wanita dari Lakoff (1975) dan Coates (1993) digunakan untuk menganalisis karakteristik wicara wanita yang tercermin di dalam tuturan strategi kesantunan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan gender antara pria dan wanita yang tampak di dalam film The Other Boleyn Girl tidak serta merta mempengaruhi penerapan dari strategi kesantunan oleh tokoh Anne dan Mary, namun dapat mempengaruhi penggunaan kata, frasa, maupun kalimat di dalam tuturan strategi kesantunan tersebut.

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Every participant in a conversation is expected to maintain the continuity of the communication process by using politeness strategy in order to avoid a conflict. The use of politeness strategy is very important for women, considering their subordinate position in the society, which constrain them to behave politely particularly when having a conversation. Therefore, in this research paper, the writer explains the characteristic of women’s speech in Anne and Mary's politeness strategy utterances in the movie The Other Boleyn Girl. By using a qualitative method, this paper analyzes on utterances’ selection in some conversations of the two main characters, Anne and Mary. The writer uses the Face Threatening Act theory from Brown & Levinson (1987) to explicate Anne and Mary's politeness strategies, and the concept of women's speech characteristic from Lakoff (1975) and Coates (1993) to analyze the characteristics of women's speech in their politeness strategy utterances. The result of this research shows that the gender differences between men and women in The Other Boleyn Girl does not necessarily affects the use of politeness strategy by Anne and Mary. However, it may influence the use of words, phrases, or sentences in those politeness strategy utterances."

"Skripsi ini menganalisis strategi kesantunan dalam tuturan politisi Indonesia menjelang Pemilihan Umum Legislatif Tahun 2014. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan strategi kesantunan para politisi terkait pola dalam tindakan komunikasi yang berlangsung. Data yang digunakan adalah tuturan politisi selama masa kampanye terbuka dalam Kompas. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tuturan politisi mengancam citra negatif petutur. Ancaman dilakukan dengan menggunakan strategi ditutupi kesantunan positif. Keuntungan dari strategi tersebut adalah penutur dapat meningkatkan citra positif dirinya dan citra negatif petutur.

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This thesis analyzed the strategies of politeness in Indonesian political speech before the General Election Legislative 2014 The purpose of this study is to describe the politicians politeness strategies related patterns in the act of communication that took place. The data used are the utterances of politicians during the campaign period opens in Kompas. The results show that the utterances of politicians threaten negative image addressees. Threats performed using positive politeness strategies covered. The advantage of such a strategy is the speaker himself can enhance the positive image and negative image of addressees."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pidato Emir Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad AlTsani pada 21 Juli 2017 yang tetap menggunakan bahasa yang santun dalam penyampaianya, meskipun Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Bahrain, dan Mesir telah memutuskan hubungan diplomatik dengan Qatar dan mengembargonya pada 5 Juni 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tindak tutur dan kesantunan bahasa dalam pidato Emir Qatar tersebut. Adapun teori yang digunakan ialah teori tindak tutur Searle 1979 dan teori kesantunan bahasa Brown dan Levinson 1987. Tindak tutur menurut Searle 1979 terbagi menjadi lima jenis, yaitu asertif, direktif, komisif, ekspresif, dan deklaratif. Adapun kesantunan menurut Brown dan Levinson 1987 terbagi menjadi lima jenis, yaitu kesantunan bertutur langsung, kesantunan positif, kesantunan negatif, kesantunan bertutur samar-samar, dan diam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang dianalisis berupa teks pidato Emir Qatar tertanggal 21 Juli 2017 yang bersumber dari situs resmi pemerintah Qatar. Penulis berhasil mengidentifikasi 35 yang mengandung tindak tutur dengan rincian 19 asertif, 7 direktif, 8 ekspresif, dan 1 komisif. Sedangkan tuturan kesantunan ditemukan sebanyak 26 tuturan, dengan rincian 4 penggunaan strategi bertutur langsung, 5 strategi kesantunan positif, 14 strategi kesantunan negatif, dan 3 strategi kesantunan berututur samar-samar. Identifikasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Emir Qatar menekankan pidatonya pada realita yang sesungguhnya terjadi dalam hubungan antara Qatar dengan empat negara tetangganya. Selain itu, ia juga mengkritik dan menyindir mereka di samping menolak tuduhan terorisme dan ikut campur dalam urusan dalam negeri mereka. Meskipun demikian, Emir Qatar tetap berupaya menjaga hubungannya dengan empat negara tetangga dengan mengungkapkan keakrabannya untuk memperbaiki dan mengevaluasi kedekatan hubungan demi mengakhiri perselisihan yang terjadi

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ABSTRACTThis research was based on Qatari Emirs speech, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad AlThani on July 21, 2017, that still preferred to use polite language, although Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt discontinued their diplomatic relations with Qatar and executed embargo it on June 5, 2017. This research aimed to analyze the speech act and politeness in Qatari Emirs speech and reveal the intention of its use. The theory used in this research was Searles speech act theory 1979 and Brown and Levinsons politeness theory 1987. The speech acts according to Searle 1979 are divided into five types, namely assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. Brown and Levinson classify politeness into five types, namely on record without redressive action-baldly, on record with positive politeness, on record with negative politeness, off record, and silent (do not do face threatening act). The method used in this research was qualitative-descriptive. The data analyzed in this research was Qatari Emirs speech text on July 21, 2017 which officially sourced from the government of Qatar. The author successfully identified 35 speech acts with details of 19 assertive, 7 directives, 8 expressive, and 1 commissive and 26 politeness speech with 4 on record without redressive action-baldly strategy, 5 positive politeness strategy, 14 negative politeness strategy, and 3 off-record strategy. Based on the results of the identification, it shows that the Qatari Emir stressed his speech on the reality of the relationship between Qatar and its four neighboring countries. In addition, he also criticized and quipped them in addition to rejecting terrorism charges and interfering in their internal affairs. Nevertheless, the Emir of Qatar is still working to maintain his relationship with the four neighboring countries by expressing his intimacy to improve and evaluate the closeness of the relationship to end the disputes."

"Pada Pemilu 2022, Yoon Seok-yeol dari People Power Party berhasil mengalahkan Lee Jae-myung dari Democratic Party of Korea dalam pertarungan memperebutkan kursi Presiden Korea Selatan ke-13. Hasil pemilu tahun 2022 menunjukkan persaingan ketat antara kedua kandidat yang hanya memiliki selisih suara 0,73 persen dengan total partisipasi pemilih 77,1 persen. Pada masa kampanye Pilpres tersebut, ditemukan beberapa narasi yang mempengaruhi hasil suara, antara lain perdebatan seputar paham anti-feminisme dan masalah domestik yang kurang diatasi oleh pemerintahan sebelumnya, administrasi Presiden Moon Jae-In. Dalam rangka untuk memenangkan pemilu, Yoon Seok-yeol berupaya untuk memanfaatkan sentimen anti-feminisme dalam wacana kampanyenya, terutama di kalangan pemilih laki-laki muda. Dengan menggunakan teori strategi politik ofensif milik Peter Schr�der. Melalui empat variabel dari teori tersebut, yaitu target image (citra yang diinginkan), kelompok target, pesan kelompok target, dan instrumen kunci, penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan strategi ofensif Yoon Seok-yeol dari PPP dalam memenangkan kontestasi Pilpres 2022 di Korea Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder dan studi literatur. Penelitian ini menemukan berkembanganya wacana anti-feminisme sejak Pemerintahan Presiden Moon Jae-In berhasil dimobilisasi oleh Yoon Seok-yeol untuk menggiring opini para kelompok laki-laki muda untuk memilihnya.

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In the 2022 Presidential Election, Yoon Seok-yeol from the People Power Party defeated Lee Jae-myung from the Democratic Party of Korea in the battle for the 13th President of South Korea. The election results in 2022 showed a tight competition between the two candidates, with a narrow vote margin of 0.73 percent and a total voter turnout of 77.1 percent. During the presidential campaign, several narratives were found to influence the voting results, including debates surrounding anti-feminism ideology and unresolved domestic issues under the previous administration of President Moon Jae-In. In order to win the election, Yoon Seok-yeol sought to capitalize on anti-feminism sentiments in his campaign discourse, particularly among young male voters. Using Peter Schr�der's theory of offensive political strategy, this research aims to explain Yoon Seok-yeol's offensive strategy from the PPP in winning the 2022 Presidential contest in South Korea. The study examines four variables from the theory, namely target image, target group, group-targeted message, and key instruments, to analayze Yoon Seok-yeol's strategy. The study employs a qualitative methodology by using secondary data collection and literature review. The research finds the proliferation of anti-feminism discourse since the Moon Jae-In administration, succesfully mobilized by Yoon Seok-yeol, exploiting the opinions of young male groups to secure their votes."