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"Pemeriksaan hemoglobin umum dilakukan secara invasif menggunakan berbagai metode, seperti automated hematology analyzer dan hemoglobinometer. Akan tetapi metode tersebut memakan waktu, biaya, dan menyakitkan bagi pasien. Pemeriksaan hemoglonin secara invasif juga tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan secara real-time dalam situasi mendesak. Akurasi dan ketepatan pembacaan menjadi tantangan dalam pengembangan sistem pengukur konsentrasi hemoglobin non-invasif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan dua desain sistem pengukur hemoglobin non-invasif (desain prototipe A dan desain prototipe B) menggunakan prinsip photoplethysmography (PPG) menggunakan sensor MAX30102 dan Arduino Uno sebagai mikrokontroler. Pengembangan prototipe dibuat berbasis machine learning dengan menggunakan model Dense Neural Network (DNN) dan menunjukkan akurasi paling maksimal menggunakan MSE loss function sebesar 92,31% untuk desain prototipe A dan 94,70% untuk desain prototipe B. Didapatkan juga hasil pengukuran reliabilitas alat ukur untuk desain prototipe A dan B masing-masing sebesar 84,90% dan 97,30%. Meski sudah memiliki tingkat akurasi yang cukup baik, penelitian ini masih perlu dikembangkan dari segi pemilihan alat referensi pemeriksaan Hb invasif, pengambilan dan pengolahan data yang lebih bervariasi mencakup usia, warna kulit, dan penyakit yang sedang dialami.

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Hemoglobin examination is commonly conducted invasively using various methods such as automated hematology analyzers and hemoglobinometers. However, these methods are time-consuming, costly, and painful for patients. Invasive hemoglobin examinations also do not allow real-time measurements in urgent situations. Accuracy and precision of readings pose challenges in the development of non-invasive hemoglobin concentration measurement systems. In this study, the development of two designs of non-invasive hemoglobin measurement systems (prototype design A and prototype design B) using photoplethysmography (PPG) principle with MAX30102 sensor and Arduino Uno as the microcontroller was conducted. Prototype development was based on machine learning using a Dense Neural Network (DNN) model and achieved maximum accuracy using MSE loss function of 92,31% for prototype design A and 94,70% for prototype design B. The measurement reliability of the measurement device was also obtained, with 84,90% for prototype design A and 97,30% for prototype design B, respectively. Although the study already achieved a relatively good level of accuracy, further development is still needed in terms of selecting invasive Hb examination reference devices, obtaining and processing more diverse data including age, skin color, and existing diseases."

"Pemeriksaan hemoglobin umum dilakukan secara invasif menggunakan berbagai metode, seperti automated hematology analyzer dan hemoglobinometer. Akan tetapi metode tersebut memakan waktu, biaya, dan menyakitkan bagi pasien. Pemeriksaan hemoglonin secara invasif juga tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan secara real-time dalam situasi mendesak. Akurasi dan ketepatan pembacaan menjadi tantangan dalam pengembangan sistem pengukur konsentrasi hemoglobin non-invasif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan dua desain sistem pengukur hemoglobin non-invasif (desain prototipe A dan desain prototipe B) menggunakan prinsip photoplethysmography (PPG) menggunakan sensor MAX30102 dan Arduino Uno sebagai mikrokontroler. Pengembangan prototipe dibuat berbasis machine learning dengan menggunakan model Dense Neural Network (DNN) dan menunjukkan akurasi paling maksimal menggunakan MSE loss function sebesar 92,31% untuk desain prototipe A dan 94,70% untuk desain prototipe B. Didapatkan juga hasil pengukuran reliabilitas alat ukur untuk desain prototipe A dan B masing-masing sebesar 84,9% dan 97,3%. Meski sudah memiliki tingkat akurasi yang cukup baik, penelitian ini masih perlu dikembangkan dari segi pemilihan alat referensi pemeriksaan Hb invasif, pengambilan dan pengolahan data yang lebih bervariasi mencakup usia, warna kulit, dan penyakit yang sedang dialami.

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Hemoglobin examination is commonly conducted invasively using various methods such as automated hematology analyzers and hemoglobinometers. However, these methods are time-consuming, costly, and painful for patients. Invasive hemoglobin examinations also do not allow real-time measurements in urgent situations. Accuracy and precision of readings pose challenges in the development of non-invasive hemoglobin concentration measurement systems. In this study, the development of two designs of non-invasive hemoglobin measurement systems (prototype design A and prototype design B) using photoplethysmography (PPG) principle with MAX30102 sensor and Arduino Uno as the microcontroller was conducted. Prototype development was based on machine learning using a Dense Neural Network (DNN) model and achieved maximum accuracy using MSE loss function of 92,31% for prototype design A and 94,7% for prototype design B. The measurement reliability of the measurement device was also obtained, with 84,9% for prototype design A and 97,3% for prototype design B, respectively. Although the study already achieved a relatively good level of accuracy, further development is still needed in terms of selecting invasive Hb examination reference devices, obtaining and processing more diverse data including age, skin color, and existing diseases."

"Hemoglobin adalah komponen darah yang penting untuk mengikat oksigen di paru paru dan mendistribusikannya ke seluruh tubuh. Metode invasif tidak memungkinkan pengukuran real-time dalam situasi darurat. Pengembangan metode noninvasif untuk pemeriksaan hemoglobin menghadapi tantangan dalam hal akurasi, ketepatan, dan keringkasan alat. Pada penelitian menggunakan sensor MAX30102 sebagai pembaca gelombang merah dan inframerah, OLED sebagai alat yang menampilkan hasil prediksi, dan Nvidia Jetson Nano sebagai processor. Alat juga dilengkapi dengan pembacaan detak jantung, SpO2, dan dua tombol untuk mengulang pembacaan dan mematikan alat. Pelatihan model dilakukan menggunakan dataset yang diperoleh dari riset sebelumnya, "Pengembangan Instrumentasi Pengukur Konsentrasi Hemoglobin Non-Invasif Berbasis Photoplethysmography dan Machine Learning" oleh Ester Vinia (2023). Setelah melakukan pelatihan pada lima jenis model (Dense Neural Network, Decision Tree, Support Vector, Gradient Boosting, dan Random Forest), didapatkan model dengan metode Dense Neural Network memiliki akurasi R2 sebesar 96%, loss MAE sebesar 0,2 dan MSE sebesar 0,11, metode Decision Tree memiliki akurasi R2 sebesar 90%, loss MAE sebesar 0,27 dan MSE sebesar 0,3, metode Support Vector memiliki akurasi R2 sebesar 17%, loss MAE sebesar 1,2 dan MSE sebesar 2,61, metode Gradient Boosting memiliki akurasi R2 sebesar 89%, loss MAE sebesar 0,43 dan MSE sebesar 0,3, dan metode Random Forest memiliki akurasi R2 sebesar 99%, loss MAE sebesar 0,05 dan MSE sebesar 0,02. Prototipe alat kemudian dibuat menggunakan pembelajaran mesin bermodel Random Forest Regressor. Model kemudian ditanam di Nvidia Jetson Nano sehingga alat dapat dioperasikan dengan efisien dan cepat. Pada pengujian alat, didapatkan nilai akurasi sebesar 93,27%.

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Hemoglobin is a vital blood component responsible for binding oxygen in the lungs and distributing it throughout the body. Invasive methods do not allow real-time measurement in emergency situations. Developing noninvasive methods for hemoglobin examination faces challenges in accuracy, precision, and device compactness. In this research, a MAX30102 sensor was used for reading red and infrared waves, an OLED for displaying prediction results, and an Nvidia Jetson Nano as the processor. The device also includes heart rate and SpO2 readings, and two buttons for repeating readings and turning off the device. The model was trained using a dataset obtained from previous research, "Development of Non Invasive Hemoglobin Concentration Measurement Instrumentation Based on Photoplethysmography and Machine Learning" by Ester Vinia (2023). After training on five types of models (Dense Neural Network, Decision Tree, Support Vector, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest), the Dense Neural Network model achieved an R2 accuracy of 96%, MAE loss of 0.2, and MSE loss of 0.11; the Decision Tree method achieved an R2 accuracy of 90%, MAE loss of 0.27, and MSE loss of 0.3; the Support Vector method achieved an R2 accuracy of 17%, MAE loss of 1.2, and MSE loss of 2.61; the Gradient Boosting method achieved an R2 accuracy of 89%, MAE loss of 0.43, and MSE loss of 0.3; and the Random Forest method achieved an R2 accuracy of 99%, MAE loss of 0.05, and MSE loss of 0.02. The device prototype was then developed using the Random Forest Regressor model. The model was embedded in the Nvidia Jetson Nano, allowing the device to operate efficiently and quickly. During testing, the device achieved an accuracy of 93.27%."

"ABSTRACTThe overall objectives of this study is to examine whether a population of healthy University of Indonesia students have different hemoglobin distribution from that of American population and if there was difference whether it is appropriate to set up a new cut-off point for anemia as a screening tools for iron deficiency in population. This study is designed as a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling procedure. A total of 214 males and 190 females were studied from January to February 1997. After data cleaning, 203 healthy Indonesian males and 170 females were eligible for data analysis. Blood samples of the subjects was drawn to analyze hemoglobin and hematocrit level, red and white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity, serum ferritin and zinc protoporphyrin concentration. A structured questionnaire was administered to investigate factors that could influence hemoglobin level. The mean hemoglobin was compared with that of the United States population using results of NHANES III. The result showed that the mean hemoglobin of Indonesian male was the same with the American population in NHANES Ill. While for female there are difference in mean hemoglobin between the Indonesian and American, which could lead to different cutoff criteria for anemia. However when specificity and sensitivity of the new cutoff (Hb < 11.3 g/dl) and the WHO cutoff (Hb < 12 g/dI) were compared, the result showed that the latest had a more favorable sensitivity and specificity. Thus, this survey confirmed that there is no need to develop different cutoff points for anemia as a tool for iron deficiency screening."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Nilai hemoglobin masih dijadikan parameter dalam menentukan transfusi atau tidak walaupun tidak mengabaikan pertimbangan klinis. Namun, pada kenyataannya pemeriksaan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi sulit dilakukan karena keterbatasan alat dan membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama sehingga ketika hasil pemeriksaan nilai hemoglobin didapatkan sudah tidak sesuai dengan kondisi terkini. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pendekatan berupa perkiraan dalam menetukan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi. Nilai perkiraan hemoglobin selama ini hanya terpaku dengan berapa jumlah perdarahan yang terjadi, padahal ada faktor lain yang memengaruhi, salah satunya pemberian cairan intraoperasi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan desain analitik retrospektif dengan pengambilan data dari status pasien yang menjalani prosedur Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo sejak 1 Januari 2012 sampai 31 Desember 2014. Dilakukan pencatatan berupa identitas, umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan, nilai hemoglobin praoperasi, jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi, jumlah cairan intraoperasi, jumlah urin output intraoperasi, dan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi. Dilakukan analisis bivariat untuk masing-masing variabel dan kemudian akan dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat regresi linier.Hasil: Dari 103 sampel penelitian didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan cairan intraoperasi dengan perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi (p=0.208, r=0.035) dan jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi dengan perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi (p=0.297, r=0.002). Pada uji ANOVA didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0.039. Sebenarnya rumus layak untuk dibuat. Namun nilai Adjusted R square sebesar 3 % yang artinya persamaan yang diperoleh hanya mampu menjelaskan perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi sebesar 3 %.Simpulan: Perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi tidak dapat dapat diprediksi dari asupan cairan dan perdarahan pada Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Hemoglobin level is still a valid parameter to help decision in blood transfusion, eventhough its use is in conjunction with clinical decision. In reality, postoperative hemoglobin level is difficult to be done because of two reasons: the limitation of the tools and time consuming. At the moment the result is obtained, its result is different with current clinical condition. Therefore, we need tools to predict postoperative hemoglobin level. At present, hemoglobin prediction level is only looks at bleeding volume, eventhough there is still other factor such as intraoperative fluid intake.Methods: This study is a retrospective analytic design using data from medical record of the patients undergo the Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) procedure at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital since January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014. We record the identity, age, sex, weight, preoperative hemoglobin level, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the volume of intraoperative fluids, the volume of intraoperative urine output, and postoperative hemoglobin level. Each variable will be analyzed using bivariate analysis, and then continued with multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: Data from 103 samples showed a significant relationship between intraoperative fluid intake with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.208, r = 0.035), and the number of intraoperative blood loss with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.297, r = 0.002). ANOVA shows p value of 0.039. Eventhough the formula could be made, the Adjusted R square value of 3%, means the equation only could explain 3%changes in postoperative hemoglobin level.Conclusions: Postoperative hemoglobin value changes can not predicted with fluid intake and blood loss in Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) at Cipto mangunkusumo hospital., Background: Hemoglobin level is still a valid parameter to help decision in blood transfusion, eventhough its use is in conjunction with clinical decision. In reality, postoperative hemoglobin level is difficult to be done because of two reasons: the limitation of the tools and time consuming. At the moment the result is obtained, its result is different with current clinical condition. Therefore, we need tools to predict postoperative hemoglobin level. At present, hemoglobin prediction level is only looks at bleeding volume, eventhough there is still other factor such as intraoperative fluid intake.Methods: This study is a retrospective analytic design using data from medical record of the patients undergo the Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) procedure at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital since January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014. We record the identity, age, sex, weight, preoperative hemoglobin level, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the volume of intraoperative fluids, the volume of intraoperative urine output, and postoperative hemoglobin level. Each variable will be analyzed using bivariate analysis, and then continued with multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: Data from 103 samples showed a significant relationship between intraoperative fluid intake with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.208, r = 0.035), and the number of intraoperative blood loss with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.297, r = 0.002). ANOVA shows p value of 0.039. Eventhough the formula could be made, the Adjusted R square value of 3%, means the equation only could explain 3%changes in postoperative hemoglobin level.Conclusions: Postoperative hemoglobin value changes can not predicted with fluid intake and blood loss in Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) at Cipto mangunkusumo hospital.]"

"Anemia Gizi yang disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi masih merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di Indonesia. Survai Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) tahun 1995 menunjukkan bahwa 57,1% Remaja Putri (usia 10-14 tahun) dan 39,5% Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) menderita anemia. Hasil penelitian pada remaja putri di SMUN 3 Padang tahun 1999 juga menunjukkan angka anemia yang cukup tinggi yaitu 25,6%. Namun sejauh ini belum diketahui faktor-faktor apa yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya anemia atau rendahnya kadar hemoglobin pada siswi tersebut.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran asupan zat gizi terutama energi, protein, vitamin C, dan zat besi serta faktor lainnya yang berkaitan dengan kejadian anemia. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswi SMUN 3 Kota Padang Provinsi Sumatera Barat Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara systematic random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 192 orang siswi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besarnya prevalensi anemia sebesar 29,2%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan zat gizi (energi,protein, zat besi) dengan kadar Hb siswi (p< 0,05). Faktor pendapatan per kapita berhubungan secara bermakna terhadap kadar Hb, sedangkan tingginya konsumsi bahan makanan penghambat absorbsi zat besi, rendahnya konsumsi bahan makanan peningkat absorbsi zat besi, pola haid yang lama, dan pendidikan ibu yang rendah menunjukkan persentase kejadian anemia yang lebih tinggi walaupun tidak bermakna secara uji statistik. Dan uji multivariat ditemukan 2 (dua) faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kadar Hb yaitu asupan protein dan pendapatan per kapita keluarga. Asupan protein merupakan faktor dominan berhubungan dengan kadar Hb.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan kepada sekolah untuk mengembangkan program pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia dengan pendidikan kesehatan dan gizi melalui diskusi peer group secara berkala, pengembangan materi KIE yang menarik sesuai dengan minat remaja, pengadaan dan pemberian tablet tambah darah bagi siswi pada saat haid, pemeriksaan Hb secara berkala, dan pemberian tablet tambah darah bagi yang anemia. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan bekerja sama dengan organisasi BP3,OSIS, Puskesmas/Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang, Akademi Gizi Padang, dan Distributor obat.Perlu penelitian dengan ruang lingkup lebih luas untuk mengetahui besarnya permasalahan anemia gizi di Kota Padang, khususnya pada remaja putri sebagai calon ibu agar mutu SDM dapat lebih dioptimalkan.

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Nutritional Anemia, and specifically iron deficiency anemia remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies in Indonesia to day. The household health survey (SKRT) conducted in 1995 showed that 57,1% of adolescent girls (10-14 years old) and 39,5% women of reproductive age (15-44 years old) suffered from anemia. The result of survey on adolescent school girls at SMUN 3 Padang in 1999, showed that prevalence of nutritional anemia among that girls was 25,6%. So far, the factors which are related to that problem not yet known. The potential consequences of anemia in adolescent girls may include fatigue, impaired physical performance, lowered endurance, reduced attention span, decreased school performance and leads to increased risk for morbidity and mortality among pregnant women.

The objective of this study was to find out the description of nutrients intake (energy, protein, vitamin C, iron) and other factors related to hemoglobin concentration in adolescent school girls. The study has been done for adolescent school girls at SMUN 3 Padang, West Sumatera. Research designed was using cross sectional study and location of the study based on purposive sampling. Sampling used by systematic random sampling and sample size were 192 adolescent school girls.

The results indicates that 29,2% of adolescent schoolgirls was suffered from anemia (Hb concentration < 12 g/dl) and nutrients intake (energy, protein, iron) had significant relation to concentration of hemoglobin of adolescent schoolgirls (p<0,05). The household income per capita also had statistically significant relation to concentration of hemoglobin, while high consumption of inhibitor factor of iron absorption, low consumption of enhancer factor of iron absorption, length of menstruation patterns, and low level of mother education had relation to concentration of hemoglobin but non significant by using statistics. Results of multivariate statistics showed that 2 (two) factors which are protein intake and household income per capita were related significantly with hemoglobin concentration. Protein intake was dominant factor related to hemoglobin concentration.

According to the results of the study the author suggests to school to develop preventive and curative program through health and nutrition education with peer group discussion regularly, to develop the attractive material for IEC, to provide and gives iron supplementation to menstrual school girls, to assess hemoglobin concentration regularly, and gives iron supplementation to anemic girls. The activity can be done by teamwork with BP3 organization, OSIS, Public Health Center/Padang Health District, Academy of Nutrition, and Pharmacy Distributor.

It needed a study with wide-scale to investigate the problem of nutritional anemia in Padang city, especially in adolescent girls as future mothers in order to make human resources optimalized."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penghitungan Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) berdasarkan rumus Allowable Blood Loss (ABL) dengan target hemoglobin tertentu, kerap dijadikan panduan untuk memutuskan secara cepat transfusi intraoperatif. Penghitungan EBL mengandalkan penilaian visual sulit untuk distandardisasi. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, Point of Care Testing (POCT) makin memudahkan pemeriksaan hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan akurasi penghitungan hemoglobin intraoperatif antara EBL dan POCT, dibandingkan dengan Hematology Analyzer yang merupakan pengukuran baku di laboratorium. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Bland-Altman pada pengukuran hemoglobin intraoperatif terhadap pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif yang diperkirakan mengalami banyak perdarahan dan memerlukan transfusi, di Instalasi Bedah Pusat (IBP) RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, antara Desember 2014 hingga Maret 2015. Subjek penelitian dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Saat penghitungan EBL mencapai ABL dengan target Hb 7 g/dL sebelum transfusi diberikan, sampel darah diambil untuk pengukuran hemoglobin dengan Sysmex XE-2100® sebagai Hematology Analyzer dan HemoCue® Hb 201+ sebagai POCT. Hasil: Sebanyak 43 subjek diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Uji Bland-Altman Hb ABL (7 g/dL) terhadap Hb Sysmex. Interval yang dianggap akurat terhadap kadar Hb 7 g/dL adalah -1 hingga 1, diperoleh limits of agreement yang besar yaitu -2,267 hingga 2,467. Uji Bland-Altman Hb HemoCue terhadap Hb Sysmex, diperoleh limits of agreement yang kecil yaitu -0.418 hingga 0.372. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam akurasi penghitungan hemoglobin intraoperatif antara EBL dengan Hematology Analyzer, sedangkan pengukuran dengan HemoCue® Hb 201+ sebagai perangkat POCT, mempunyai keakuratan yang baik. EBL berdasarkan rumus ABL dengan target Hb 7 g/dL tidak bisa digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan transfusi intraoperatif karena tidak mempunyai keakuratan yang baik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Measurement of Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) based on the Allowable Blood Loss (ABL) formula with certain hemoglobin target is often used as a guidance to make a fast decision for intraoperative transfusion. Measurement of EBL relies on visual assessment is difficult to standardized and a new technique called Point of Care Testing (POCT) offered easier way to measure haemoglobin. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the intraoperative hemoglobin measurement by EBL and POCT with Hematology Analyzer in the laboratory as a golden standard. Methods: This study used a Bland-Altman test on intraoperative hemoglobin measurement in patients undergoing elective surgery which was expected to experience a lot of bleeding and require blood transfusions in Center Operating Theater of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from December 2014 until March 2015. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling method. When EBL had reached ABL with a Hb level target 7 g / dL before transfusion was given, blood samples were taken for measurement of hemoglobin with Sysmex XE-2100® as Hematology Analyzer and HemoCue® Hb 201+ as POCT. Results: A total of 43 subjects were included in the study. Bland-Altman analysis of Hb EBL (7 g / dL) to Hb Hematology Analyzer with interval considered as accurate for Hb 7 g / dL was -1 to 1, revealed wide limits of agreement (-2.267 to 2.467). Bland-Altman analysis of Hb POCT to Hb Hematology Analyzer revealed narrow limits of agreement (-0418 to 0372). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the accuracy of intraoperative hemoglobin measurement by EBL compared to Hematology Analyzer, while the measurement by POCT device had good accuracy. EBL based on the formula ABL with a Hb level target 7 g / dL could not be used for intraoperative transfusion decision making because it did not has good accuracy., Background: Measurement of Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) based on the formulaAllowable Blood Loss (ABL) with certain hemoglobin target, is often used as aguidance to make a quick decision for intraoperative transfusion. Measurement ofEBL relies on visual assessment cannot be standardized. As developingtechnology, Point of Care Testing (POCT) makes hemoglobin measurementeasier. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the intraoperativehemoglobin measurement by EBL and POCT with Hematology Analyzer in thelaboratory as a golden standard.Methods: This study used a Bland-Altman test on intraoperative hemoglobinmeasurement in patients undergoing elective surgery that was expected toexperience a lot of bleeding and need transfusion in Center Operating Theater ofCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from December 2014 until March 2015. Subjectswere selected by consecutive sampling method. When EBL had reached ABLwith a Hb level target 7 g / dL before transfusion was given, blood samples weretaken for measurement of hemoglobin with Sysmex XE-2100® as HematologyAnalyzer and HemoCue® Hb 201+ as POCT.Results: A total of 43 subjects were included in the study. Bland-Altman analysisof Hb EBL (7 g / dL) to Hb Hematology Analyzer with interval considered asaccurate for Hb 7 g / dL was -1 to 1, revealed wide limits of agreement (-2.267 to2.467). Bland-Altman analysis of Hb POCT to Hb Hematology Analyzer revealednarrow limits of agreement (-0418 to 0372).Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the accuracy of intraoperativehemoglobin measurement by EBL compared to Hematology Analyzer, while themeasurement by POCT device had good accuracy. EBL based on the formulaABL with a Hb level target 7 g/dL could not be used for intraoperative transfusion decision making because it did not has good accuracy.]"

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Populasi Melayu di propinsi Sumatera Selatan memiliki frekuensi pembawa sifat thalassemia-R sebesar 9% (tertinggi di Indonesia) dan frekuensi Hb E sebesar 6% (Sofro, 1995). Oleh karena itu diperlukan program pencegahan thalassemia-3 berupa skrining pembawa sifat yang efektif dan efisien dengan biaya relatif murah serta spesifik untuk populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan, konsultasi genetik, dan diagnosis prenatal. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk: (1) Menentukan nilai MCV dan MCH yang paling optimal untuk skrining pembawa sifat thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan, (2) Mengetahui spektrum mutasi pembawa sifat thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan, dan (3) Memperoleh kemampuan untuk memprediksi jenis mutasi thalassemia-R hanya berdasarkan nilai hematologi dan hasil analisis Hb. Pendekatan yang dilakukan terdiri dari skrining dan pengelompokan data nilai hematologi dan analisis Hb, analisis DNA dengan menggunakan teknik PCR﷓RFLP, ARMS, dan sekuensing, serta analisis korelasi terhadap hasil pemeriksaan.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Frekuensi pembawa sifat thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan didapatkan sebesar 8% (termasuk Hb E). Hasil ini mengoreksi studi Sofro yang pemah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Pada penelitian ini direkomendasikan nilai MCV < 80 fL dan MCH < 27 pg untuk skrining pembawa sifat thalassemia-p pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan. Spektrum mutasi thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan didominasi oleh Hb E (36,3%) dan Hb Malay (34,1%) yang merupakan jenis mutasi thalassemia-R+ ringan sehingga permasalahan thalassemia-p di propinsi Sumatera Selatan tidak sebesar yang diperkirakan. Nilai MCV dan MCH juga dapat digunakan untuk prediksi jenis mutasi thalassemia-43. Sedangkan kadar Hb A2 tidak dapat digunakan untuk prediksi jenis mutasi thalassemia-P. Kadar Hb tidak berperan dalam skrining pembawa sifat thalassemia-II."

"ABSTRAKTerapi radiasi nerupakan salahsatu cara mengobati penyakit kanker. Telah banyak usaha untuk memperbaiki teknik ini setiap waktunya terutama untuk mengurangi efek samping yang mungkin timbul selama pengobatan. Maka, pasien selama pengobatan radiasi diamati keadaan umum dan status nutrisinya, termasuk meninjau berat badan dan nilai hemoglobinnya."

"Kurangnya pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tablet tambah darah berkontribusi terhadap ketidakpatuhan terapi. Leaflet dan SMS reminder merupakan media yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas pemberian SMS reminder dibandingkan leaflet terhadapkepatuhan minum tablet tambah darah dan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil. Penelitian merupakan eksprimen semu, prospektif, menggunakan dua kelompok intervensiyang tidak berpasangan dengan pre test-post test group design. Penelitian dilakukan di dua Puskesmas kota Depok pada bulan Maret-Mei 2016. Sebanyak 38 respondenibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukmajaya mendapatkan leaflet dan 36 responden ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pancoran Mas mendapatkan SMS reminder. Pengukuran kepatuhan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8. Kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan HemoCue®. Pemberian leaflet meningkatkan kepatuhan responden secara bermakna (P = 0,018) tetapi tidak bermakna meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin ratarata(P = 0,553). 19 responden kelompok leaflet mengalami kenaikan kadar hemoglobin dengan rata-rata kenaikan 0,6 g/dl. Pemberian SMS reminder tidak meningkatkan kepatuhan responden dan kadar hemoglobin secara bermakna (P = 0,180 dan P = 0,798). 17 responden kelompok SMS reminder mengalami kenaikan kadar hemoglobin dengan rata-rata kenaikan 1,1 g/dl. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara pemberian leaflet dan SMS reminder terhadap peningkatan kepatuhan dan kadar hemoglobin responden (P = 0,576 dan P = 0,929).

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Lack of knowledge among pregnant women about iron supplementation contributes to poor compliance to the therapy. The use of media such as leaflet and SMS reminder can be used to improve compliance. This study aims to assess effectiveness of SMS reminder than leaflet on compliance of iron supplementation and hemoglobin level in pregnant women. This was a quasi-experimental study, prospectives, using two intervention groups with a pretest-posttest group design. The study was conducted between March and May 2016 in two public health center in Depok city. A total of 38 respondents in Sukmajaya get a leaflet and 36 respondents in Pancoran Mas get SMS reminders. Patient's compliance was measured by MMAS-8 quesionaire. Hemoglobin level was measured by HemoCue®. Leaflet improved patient's compliance significantly (P=0,018) but did not significantly increase the average hemoglobin level (P=0,553). 19 respondents in leaflet group experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels with an average 0.6 g/dl. SMS reminder didn't improve patient’s compliance neither did hemoglobin level significantly (P=0,180 dan P=0,798). 17 respondents in SMS reminder group experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels with an average 1.1 g/dl. There were no difference between leaflet and SMS reminder to improve patient’s compliance and hemoglobin level (P=0,576 dan P=0,929).

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