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"Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit kanker yang berkembang dari jaringan epitel duktus dan kelenjar susu dalam payudara. Kanker payudara merupakan kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di dunia dan telah mengalami kenaikan jumlah kasus yang signifikan (16,6%) per tahun 2020 di Indonesia. Pengobatan dengan kemoterapi telah umum dilakukan namun dilaporkan memiliki banyak efek samping. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan prediksi kemosensitivitas pada pasien sebelum obat diberikan. Prediksi kemosensitivitas dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kultur primer metode eksplan sebagai patient-derived model in vitro yang menggunakan sel primer langsung dari pasien dan dapat memprediksi respons klinis terhadap obat. Adanya ekspresi relatif gen c-Myc selaku oncogene addiction gene dapat menjadi biomarker potensial pada kultur eksplan setelah diberi perlakuan Doxorubicin. Pada penelitian ini, ekspresi c-Myc pada jaringan asal dan kultur eksplan serta pada kultur eksplan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan diukur menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif RT-PCR dengan tahapan isolasi RNA, kuantifikasi, amplifikasi, dan visualisasi dengan elektroforesis. Kultur eksplan yang berhasil ditumbuhkan adalah sampel luminal A dan B. Sampel A menunjukkan migrasi sel hingga konfluensi 50%. Sementara uji viabilitas pada hasil kultur sampel B menunjukkan persentase viabilitas kultur non-treatment 60% dan treatment dosis 0,68 μM 41%. Hasil visualisasi elektroforesis tidak menunjukkan adanya ekspresi c-Myc di seluruh sampel.

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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor formacy on ductus epithelial tissue and mammary gland of the breast. The prevalence number of breast cancer is currently leading among other cancers in the world and significantly increasing especially in Indonesia (16,6% new cases in 2020). Treatment using chemotherapy agents is the most common option for patients but has many side effects. Chemosensitivity prediction using an in vitro model is recommended for more personalized treatment, and can be performed using primary culture (explant method) as an in vitro patient-derived model that uses primary cells directly from the patient and can predict pathological response to chemotherapy agents. c-Myc gene as an oncogene addiction gene can be a potential biomarker of explant cultures after being treated by Doxorubicin. In this study, c-Myc expression in fresh tissue and explant culture, also in culture prior to and after treatment, was measured using a semi quantitative RT-PCR method involving the process of RNA isolation, quantification, amplification, and visualization using electrophoresis. Luminal A and Luminal B samples of explant culture were successfully grown and harvested. A sample showed cell migration up to 50% confluency. Meanwhile, the viability test on the results of the B culture showed the viability percentage of non-treatment culture was 60% and 0,68 μM treatment dose culture 41%. The results of electrophoretic visualization consistently showed downregulation of c-Myc in the form of a very low expression in all samples."

"Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu jenis kanker dengan kematian terbanyak kedua di dunia. Penyebab utama kematian penderita kanker payudara adalah metastasis sel kanker ke jaringan lain. Salah satu penanganan kanker payudara adalah pemberian pengobatan kemoterapi. Namun kemoterapi seringkali menimbulkan efek samping pada pasien. Salah satu jenis kemoterapi umum, Doxorubicin mampu meningkatkan resiko toksisitas jantung. Karakteristik kultur eksplan yang dapat mempertahankan kondisi sel secara in vivo dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi respons kemoterapi. Namun demikian, penggunaan kultur eksplan untuk memprediksi respon kemoterapi belum banyak diterapkan. Gen MYCN memiliki peran dalam mendorong keganasan sel kanker dan banyak terekspresi pada kanker payudara dengan prognosis buruk, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker untuk memastikan respon antara jaringan asal dan kultur eksplan relatif sama. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ekspresi gen MYCN pada jaringan asal dan kultur eksplan serta menganalisis tingkat ekspresi gen MYCN pada kultur eksplan terhadap treatment Doxorubicin dengan metode one-step semi-kuantitatif Reverse Transcriptation - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Perlakuan treatment dilakukan untuk mendukung kemampuan kultur eksplan dalam mempertahankan in vivo. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ekspresi relatif gen MYCN pada jaringan asal dan kultur eksplan relatif sama serta adanya ekspresi gen MYCN setelah pemberian treatment pada kultur eksplan. Hal tersebut menandakan kultur eksplan dapat mempertahankan ekspresi dari jaringan asalnya. Selain itu, adanya ekspresi gen MYCN setelah pemberian agen kemoterapi mengkonfirmasi bahwa kultur eksplan memiliki respons yang relatif sama setelah pemberian treatment sehingga dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi respon kemoterapi.

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Breast cancer is one type of cancer with the second most deaths in the world. The main cause of death for breast cancer patients is the metastasis of cancer cells to other tissues. One of the treatments for breast cancer is chemotherapy treatment. However, chemotherapy often causes side effects in patients. One of the common types of chemotherapy, Doxorubicin can increase the risk of cardiac toxicity. Characteristics of explant cultures that can maintain cell conditions in vivo can be used predicting chemotherapy response. However, the use of explant cultures to predict chemotherapy response has not been widely applied. The MYCN gene has a role in promoting cancer cell malignancy and is widely expressed in breast cancer with a poor prognosis, so it can be used as a biomarker to ensure that the response between the tissue of origin and explant cultures is relatively similar. Therefore, this study aims to analyze MYCN gene expression in the original tissue and explant culture and to analyze the expression level of the MYCN gene in explant culture against Doxorubicin treatment using a one-step semi-quantitative Reverse Transcriptation - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. The treatment was carried out to support the ability of the explant culture to maintain in vivo. The results obtained showed that the relative expression of the MYCN gene in the original tissue and the explant culture was relatively the same as well as the expression of the MYCN gene after the treatment was given to the explant culture. This indicates that the explant culture can maintain the expression of the original tissue. In addition, the presence of MYCN gene expression after administration of chemotherapeutic agents confirmed that explant cultures had relatively the same response after treatment, so that they could be used to predict chemotherapy responses."

"Kanker payudara adalah penyakit multifaktor yang mengakibatkan insiden kematian wanita tertinggi di dunia. Pengobatan kanker payudara berupa pembedahan, radioterapi, dan kemoterapi memiliki efek samping sehingga perlu pengobatan alternatif, salah satunya menggunakan bahan herbal. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) dilaporkan memiliki efek antitumor dan sitotoksik, tetapi penelitian in vivo terhadap kanker payudara masih sedikit, dibutuhkan penelitian lanjut mengenai efektivitas dan jalur penghambatan daun sirsak terhadap berbagai kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat dan dosis efektif ekstrak metanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) terhadap pertumbuhan tumor payudara mencit C3H secara in vivo. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit galur C3H yang ditransplan dengan tumor payudara dari mencit C3H donor bertumor, dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif hanya diberi pelarut CMC 0,5%, kontrol positif diberi doksorubisin, kelompok pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak dosis 15, 30, dan 45 mg/kg BB. Setiap mencit dicekok ekstrak daun sirsak 0,2 cc per hari selama 21 hari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol positif diberikan doksorubisin secara intra vena 0,03 μg/20g BB seminggu sekali selama 21 hari. Panjang dan lebar tumor diukur di awal dan seminggu sekali selama perlakuan untuk mendapatkan data volume tumor. Pada akhir penelitian mencit dinekropsi, tumor mencit ditimbang dan dilakukan pewarnaan AgNOR untuk diukur aktivitas proliferasi sel. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,007) antar perlakuan terhadap volume tumor akhir dan terhadap aktivitas proliferasi (p=0,001). Uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap berat tumor menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antar perlakuan (p=0,03). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman secara bermakna (p=0,03) menunjukkan ada korelasi positif antara aktivitas proliferasi sel dengan pertumbuhan volume tumor dengan kekuatan korelasi yang lemah (r=0,39). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan volume tumor dan aktivitas proliferasi sel kanker payudara mencit C3H dan optimum penghambatan pada dosis 30 mg/kg BB.

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Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf.

The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell.

The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan kanker tersering dengan mortalitas kematian kelima tertinggi di dunia. Tamoksifen, terapi hormon lini pertama kanker payudara ditemukan kasus resisten pada sel kanker dengan ekspresi c-myc yang tinggi. C-myc adalah faktor transkripsi yang menginduksi proliferasi, diferensiasi, serta metastasis sel kanker. Penelitian terbaru telah menemukan lunasin, protein dari ekstrak kedelai yang dinilai memiliki berbagai efek antikanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah lunasin dapat menurunkan ekspresi protein c-myc pada sel kanker payudara. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah true-experimental laboratorium dengan sampel preparat jaringan kanker payudara tikus tersimpan. Kelompok sediaan terdiri kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, terapi kombinasi (lunasin dan tamoksifen) dan lunasin. Jaringan diwarnai secara imunohistokimia dengan diaminobenzinidie (DAB) dan antibodi anti-c-myc. Sediaan dipotret dengan mikroskop cahaya perbesaran 400 kali sebanyak 5 lapang pandang secara acak. Hasil berupa H-score ekspresi c-myc yang dihitung menggunakan software ImageJ dengan plugin immunohistochemistry (IHC) Profiler. Hasil: Kelompok dengan indeks H-score tertinggi berurutan adalah kontrol negatif (174), terapi tamoksifen, (149,4), terapi lunasin (146,6), kombinasi (138,6), dan normal (129,4). Ekspresi c-myc pada seluruh kelompok berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Perbandingan setiap dua kelompok juga berbeda signifikan kecuali antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan lunasin. Kesimpulan: Lunasin dari ekstrak kedelai menghambat ekspresi protein c-myc pada sel kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Lunasin dan tamoksifen masing-masing mampu menurunkan ekspresi protein c-myc. Terapi kombinasi lunasin dan tamoksifen paling efektif menurunkan ekspresi c-myc sel kanker payudara

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent and the fifth leading cause of death in the world. Tamoxifen, the first-line hormone therapy, which is found to be resistant to breast cancer cells with high c-myc expression. C-myc is a transcription factor that induces the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Recent research has discovered lunasin, protein derived from soybean extract that have anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to determine whether lunasin can reduce c-myc protein expression in breast cancer. Method: The study design is a true-experimental laboratory with stored rat breast cancer tissue samples. The group was consisted of normal group, negative control, positive control, combination therapy (lunasin and tamoxifen) and lunasin. Tissues were stained with anti-c-myc adnd was photographed with a light microscope equipped with a 400x magnification camera with 5 fields of view at random. The result is an H-score of c-myc expression which is calculated using Image J software with the immunohistochemistry profiler plugin. Result: The groups with the highest H-score value to the lowest, respectively, are negative control (174), positive control (149,4), lunasin therapy (146,6), combination therapy (138,6), and normal (129,4). The C-myc expression in all groups is significantly different compared to the negative control. Conclusion: Lunasin inhibits the expression of c-myc protein in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer. Lunasin and tamoxifen are each able to reduce c-myc expression. The most effective way to reduce c-myc expression on breast cancer cells is combination therapy (lunasin and tamoxifen)."

"Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama secara global, dengan angka kematian yang terus meningkat, khususnya pada wanita. Kasus kematian kanker payudara pada umumnya terjadi karena metastasis yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) diketahui berperan dalam proses deregulasi EMT. Penggunaan jaringan asli dan kultur primer dari pasien kanker payudara memainkan peran penting dalam memeriksa perilaku kanker payudara, khususnya proses migrasi sel dan karakterisasi molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi kultur eksplan dalam memprediksi kemampuan migrasi sel kanker payudara in vitro, serta analisis ekspresi gen ZEB1 dari penderita kanker payudara. Penelitian ini menggunakan jaringan dari penderita kanker payudara yang dikultur dengan metode eksplan dan diamati dibawah mikroskop, kemudian gen ZEB1 diisolasi dan dianalisis menggunakan qPCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sel BC02 yang dikategorikan ganas berdasarkan nilai imunohistokimia dan patologi anatomi, membutuhkan waktu kurang dari tujuh hari untuk bermigrasi dari tumor primer, sedangkan BC01 yang dikategorikan jinak membutuhkan waktu 21 hari. Laju migrasi sel dari jaringan diperkirakan bergantung pada status keganasan jaringan. Ekspresi gen ZEB1 pada jaringan dan hasil kultur primer tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05). Ekspresi ZEB1 pada S04 dan S09 yang dikategorikan sel ganas berdasarkan nilai imunohistokimia dan patologi anatomi berkorelasi positif dengan kemampuan migrasi berdasarkan tingkat keganasan sel kanker payudara. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kultur eksplan dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari karakteristik migrasi sel kanker. Selain itu, berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui adanya hubungan ekspresi ZEB1 dengan tingkat keganasan sel kanker.

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Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, with cases of death increasing, especially in women. Cases of death in breast cancer occur due to metastases mediated by Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) factors. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) has been reported to play a role in the EMT deregulation process. The use of patient-derived primary cultures from breast cancer patients plays an important role in examining the behavior of breast cancer, in particular the process of cell migration and molecular characterization. This study aims to determine the potential of explant culture in predicting the migration ability of breast cancer cells in vitro, and molecular characterization by studying the expression of the ZEB1 gene in breast cancer patients. The results showed that BC02 cells took less than seven days to migrate from the primary tumor, while BC01 cells took 21 days. The rate of cell migration from the tissue was found to depend on the malignant status of the tissue. ZEB1 gene expression in tissue and primary culture were not significantly different (p>0.05). ZEB1 expression in S04 and S09 which were was positively correlated with migration ability based on the malignancy level of breast cancer cells. Furthemore, ZEB1 expression was found to be correlated with the grade of malignancy of breast cancer cells"

"This book provides comprehensive guidance to the assessment of symptoms, and how to manage all common breast conditions and provides guidelines on referral. It covers congenital problems, breast infection and mastalgia, before addressing the epidemiology, prevention, screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. It outlines the treatment and management options for breast cancer within different groups and includes new chapters on the genetics, prevention, management of high risk women and the psychological aspects of breast diseases. This 4th ed. remains a practical guide for general practitioners, family physicians, practice nurses and breast care nurses as well as for surgeons and oncologists both in training and recently qualified as well as medical students."

"Kanker payudara adalah jenis kanker yang memiliki kasus baru terbanyak dan penyebab kematian tertinggi di kalangan wanita. Hal tersebut menjadikan pemahaman mengenai konsep pengobatan presisi (precision medicine) perlu dikembangkan, salah satunya dengan penggunaan kultur primer dari jaringan kanker pasien. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) telah dilaporkan umum digunakan sebagai marker prognostik kanker payudara melalui deteksi protein menggunakan metode immunohistokimia (IHK). Namun, metode tersebut memiliki kekurangan dalam menjadi acuan penentuan terapi adjuvant. Penggunaan kultur primer sebagai pengganti cell lines dalam penelitian kanker perlu terus dikembangkan karena lebih mewakili karakteristik fenotipe dan genotipe dari jaringan kanker in vivo. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ekspresi relatif gen EGFR pada sampel kultur primer dan jaringan asalnya serta mengetahui perbandingan ekspresi relatif gen EGFR pada sampel jaringan jinak dan jaringan ganas kanker payudara. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu melalui deteksi mRNA gen EGFR dengan semi kuantitatif RT-PCR pada dua pasien yang mewakili jaringan jinak dan ganas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara ekspresi EGFR pada kultur primer dan jaringan asal, serta ekspresi EGFR pada jaringan ganas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jaringan jinak. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kultur primer dapat dijadikan model alternatif dalam penelitian kanker, serta EGFR dapat dijadikan marker potensial dalam menentukan tingkat agresivitas kanker payudara.

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Breast cancer is a type of cancer that has a highest rate of incidence as well as mortality among women. This makes the understanding of the concept of precision medicine need to be continuously developed, in wich one of the methods is through using primary cultures from patient's tissue. It has been reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly used as a prognostic marker of breast cancer through protein detection using the Immunohistochemical (IHC) method. However, this method has shortcomings in being a reference for determining adjuvant therapy. The use of primary culture as a subtitute cell lines in cancer research needs to be developed due to its more representative of the phenotype and genotype characteristics of cancer tissue in vivo. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relative expression level of the EGFR gene in primary culture sample and its tissue origin as well as comparing the relative expression of the EGFR gene in samples of benign tissue and malignant tissue of breast cancer. The method used is the detection of EGFR gene mRNA with semi-quantitative RT-PCR in two patients representing benign and malignant tissues. The results showed that there was no significant difference between EGFR expression in primary culture and tissue of origin, and EGFR expression in malignant tissue was higher than in benign tissue. Hence, it can be concluded that primary culture can be used as an alternative model in cancer research, and EGFR can be used as a potential marker in determining aggressiveness level of breast cancer."

"Gen SOX2 telah dilaporkan memegang peranan penting dalam menginduksi sel punca progenitor dari sel fibroblast manusia dewasa. Peningkatan ekspresi gen SOX2 berkorelasi dengan peningkatan tingkat keparahan kanker payudara. Namun, bagaimana SOX2 memiliki sifat onkogenik belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai ekspresi gen SOX2 pada sel kanker payudara CD44+/CD24-dan CD44-/CD24-yang di ko-kultur dengan Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) berdasarkan waktu pengkulturan sel sebagai upaya untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen dan sifat dari sel punca kanker payudara pada sel kanker payudara dari pasien kanker payudara wanita Indonesia. Tingginya ekspresi gen SOX2 diasumsikan dapat menjadi indikasi untuk menentukan kondisi optimum pada kultur sel kanker payudara. Level RNA gen SOX2 diukur dengan menggunakan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dan dinormalisasi dengan menggunakan housekeeping gene PUM1 sebagai kontrol dalam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi gen SOX2 tertinggi di hari ketiga pada kultur sel punca kanker (CD44+/CD24-), demikian pula dengan kultur sel non punca (CD44-/CD24-), dan di hari pertama pada kultur sel kanker payudara (CD44/CD24).

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SOX2 gene has been reported to play an important role in inducing stem cell progenitor cells from adult human fibroblasts. Increase in SOX2 gene expression known to correlate with the increase of breast cancer severity. However, the oncogenic properties of SOX2 has not been confirmed yet. This research aimed to obtain information about the level of SOX2 gene expression of breast cancer cells CD44+/CD24-dan CD44-/CD24-in co-culture with Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) based on time of cell culture, in an attempt to study the gene expression and the nature of cancer stem cells in breast cancer cell in Indonesian female breast cancer patient.

High SOX2 gene expression was assumed as the indication of the optimum culture condition of breast cancer cell. SOX2 gene RNA level was measured performing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized using the housekeeping gene PUM1 as an internal control. Results showed that the highest SOX2 gene expression was found in day 3 for cancer stem cell cultures (CD44+/CD24-) as well as for non cancer stem cell cultures (CD44-/CD24-), and in day 1 for breast cancer cell cultures (CD44/CD24). "

"[Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara masih merupakan kanker yang paling umumpada wanita. Identifikasi sel punca kanker payudara sangat penting dalammemberantas penyakit ini dari akarnya. Beberapa riset telah mengisolasi sel puncakanker payudara berdasarkan protein membran sel CD24/CD44 dan menemukansel punca kanker payudara pada sel CD24-/CD44+ yang menunjukkan sifatpluripotensi. Namun, beberapa riset lainnya menemukan CD24-/CD44+ tidakditemukan pada seluruh tipe kanker payudara, dan tidak selalu berhubungandengan perkembangan tumor. Maka dari itu, tingkat pluripotensi dari sel tersebutmasih diperdebatkan. Dalam riset ini, sifat pluripotensi sel punca kanker payudaradinilai berdasarkan ekspresi gen SOX2 yang merupakan gen untuk sifatkepuncaan dimana gen ini dapat mendorong pembelahan sel dan invasi.Metode: Sampel diambil dari situs primer kanker payudara dan difraksinasimelalui pemisahan sel magnetik. RT-qPCR dan elektroforesis digunakan untukmempelajari tingkat ekspresi gen SOX2 antara fraksi-fraksi sel punca kankerpayudara.Hasil: Kami berhasil memisahkan sel pluripoten dari spesimen klinis kankerpayudara. Fraksi CD24-/CD44- menunjukkan ekspresi gen SOX2 yang lebihtinggi secara signifikan dibanding CD24-/CD44+. Setelah melewati proses ultralowattachment, CD24-/CD44+ menunjukkan peningkatan ekspresi gen SOX2walaupun lebih rendah dari CD24-/CD44-.Kesimpulan: Pluripotensi yang tinggi, berdasarkan tingkat ekspresi gen SOX2,ditemukan pada fraksi CD24-/CD44-. Tingkat pluripotensi fraksi CD24-/CD44+lebih rendah dibandingkan fraksi CD24-/CD44-.;Background: Breast cancer remains as the most prevalent cancer in women.Identification of breast cancer stem cell (CSC) is crucial in eradicating the diseasefrom its root. Multiple research has isolated breast CSC based on CD24/CD44surface marker and discovered that CD24+/CD44- fraction indicates stemness andpluripotent characteristics. However, it was also found that CD24+/CD44- breastCSC is not present in all breast cancer types, and not always associated withtumor progression. Therefore, its pluripotency level remains debatable. In thisresearch, pluripotency of breast CSCs was assessed. Pluripotency was determinedbased on SOX2 gene expression, a gene responsible for stem-like properties,which can drive cellular proliferation and invasion.Method: The samples were taken from primary site of breast cancer andfractionated through magnetic cell sorting. RT-qPCR with subsequentelectrophoresis was used to study the expression level of SOX2 gene amongbreast CSC fractions.Results: We managed to separate the pluripotent cells from the bulk clinicalspecimen. CSC subset CD24-/CD44- showed a significantly higher SOX2expression in comparison to CD24-/CD44+. Following ultra-low attachment,CD24-/CD44+ showed an increase in SOX2 expression level although still lowerthan CD24-/CD44-.Conclusions: A high pluripotency based on SOX2 gene expression level wasfound in fraction CD24-/CD44-. The pluripotency level of fraction CD24-/CD44+was lower in comparison to fraction CD24-/CD44-., Background: Breast cancer remains as the most prevalent cancer in women.Identification of breast cancer stem cell (CSC) is crucial in eradicating the diseasefrom its root. Multiple research has isolated breast CSC based on CD24/CD44surface marker and discovered that CD24+/CD44- fraction indicates stemness andpluripotent characteristics. However, it was also found that CD24+/CD44- breastCSC is not present in all breast cancer types, and not always associated withtumor progression. Therefore, its pluripotency level remains debatable. In thisresearch, pluripotency of breast CSCs was assessed. Pluripotency was determinedbased on SOX2 gene expression, a gene responsible for stem-like properties,which can drive cellular proliferation and invasion.Method: The samples were taken from primary site of breast cancer andfractionated through magnetic cell sorting. RT-qPCR with subsequentelectrophoresis was used to study the expression level of SOX2 gene amongbreast CSC fractions.Results: We managed to separate the pluripotent cells from the bulk clinicalspecimen. CSC subset CD24-/CD44- showed a significantly higher SOX2expression in comparison to CD24-/CD44+. Following ultra-low attachment,CD24-/CD44+ showed an increase in SOX2 expression level although still lowerthan CD24-/CD44-.Conclusions: A high pluripotency based on SOX2 gene expression level wasfound in fraction CD24-/CD44-. The pluripotency level of fraction CD24-/CD44+was lower in comparison to fraction CD24-/CD44-.]"