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"Latar Belakang: Prosedur pembedahan dapat memicu perubahan aktivitas metabolisme yang ditandai dengan respon inflamasi, serta terjadinya peningkatan proses katabolisme protein yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kapasitas fungsional. Asupan protein selama periode pra laparotomi elektif merupakan hal yang dapat membantu mencegah penurunan kapasitas fungsional. Berbagai studi sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara asupan protein terhadap luaran klinis pasca laparotomi elektif, namun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil yang tidak konsisten. Penilaian kapasitas fungsional melalui pengukuran kekuatan genggam, disebut memiliki hubungan dengan luaran klinis pasca laparotomi elektif. Belum ada penelitian yang menilai hubungan asupan protein pra-operasi dengan perubahan kapasitas fungsional pada pasien pasca laparotomi elektif di RSCM.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 85 pasien pasca laparotomi elektif di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Dilakukan pengambilan data berupa pengukuran kekuatan genggam pada hari ke-6 pasca laparotomi elektif. Data-data pra-operasi lain didapatkan melalui rekam medis pasien seperti data demografis, etiologi pembedahan, analisis asupan, dan komposisi tubuh. Analisis bivariat untuk menilai korelasi dilakukan dengan uji Pearson pada data berdistribusi normal dan uji Rank Spearman pada data tidak berdistribusi normal.Hasil: Didapatkan sebanyak 85 subjek dengan mayoritas perempuan. Etiologi pembedahan mayoritas berupa keganasan. Berdasarkan status gizi, sebagian besar subjek memiliki status gizi normal, diikuti dengan obesitas derajat I, dan berat badan lebih. Prosedur ERAS tidak dilakukan pada mayoritas subjek. Sebanyak 36,5% subjek memiliki nilai FFMI yang rendah. Rerata total asupan energi pra-operasi subjek penelitian sebesar 26 kkal/kg BB, rerata total asupan protein pra-operasi sebesar 50,8 g, dengan total asupan protein per kg BB berkisar 0,5–1,8 g/kgBB. Rerata perubahan kekuatan genggam pra dan pasca laparotomi elektif tangan kanan sebesar 1,1 kg dan tangan kiri sebesar 0,8 kg. Ditemukan korelasi positif lemah antara asupan protein pra operasi dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam kanan (r = 0,18, p = 0,099) dan perubahan kekuatan genggam kiri (r = 0,166, p =0,129). Uji analisis multivariat dengan regresi linear berganda didapatkan bahwa FFMI pra-operasi merupakan faktor yang paling memengaruhi perubahan kekuatan genggam kanan (p = 0,042).Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan korelasi signifikan antara asupan protein pra operasi dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan kanan dan kiri.

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Background: Surgical procedures trigger metabolic changes involving inflammatory, hormonal, and immunological responses. Increased protein breakdown can lead to reduced functional capacity. Preoperative protein intake has been suggested as a preventive measure against functional decline. However, research on the relationship between preoperative protein intake and postoperative outcomes has shown conflicting results. Grip strength measurement is a potential surrogate marker for postoperative outcomes, but its association with preoperative protein intake remains unexplored in elective laparotomy patients at RSCM.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 85 patients who underwent elective laparotomy at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Grip strength was measured on the 6th day postoperatively, and preoperative data on demographics, surgical etiology, intake analysis, and body composition were collected from medical records. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess correlations using Pearson's test for normally distributed data and Spearman's rank correlation test for non-normally distributed data

Results: The majority of the 85 subjects were female, with malignancy being the primary surgical cause. Most subjects had normal nutritional status and did not follow Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols. The mean preoperative energy intake was 1374 kcal (26 kcal/kg body weight), and mean preoperative protein intake was 50.8 g. Weak positive correlations were found between preoperative protein intake and changes in grip strength for the right (r = 0.18, p = 0.099) and left (r = 0.166, p = 0.129) hands. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative FFMI had the most significant impact on changes in grip strength for the right hand (p = 0.042).

Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between preoperative protein intake and changes in grip strength for the right and left hands in patients following elective laparotomy."

"ABSTRAKPenduduk bumi telah mencapai lebih dari 7 milyar jiwa dan pertumbuhannyaterus meningkat. Kondisi ini menimbulkan tekanan pada penyediaan panganterutama sumber protein. Peternakan konvensional banyak menyebabkanterjadinya degradasi dan pencemaran lingkungan. Masyarakat kawasan karstGunung Sewu (KKGS) dikenal sejak lama memanfaatkan serangga sebagaisumber protein, namun tidak ada data penelitian tentang pemanfaatan serangga.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengumpulkan data jenis serangga yangdimanfaatkan sebagai sumber protein pada masyarakat KKGS, menganalisisfaktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi serangga pada masyarakat KKGS, danmengkaji dampak pemanfaatan serangga sebagai sumber protein pada masyarakatdi KKGS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan datadilakukan dengan observasi lapangan, penyebaran kuesioner, dan wawancarakemudian dilakukan telaah pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat dikawasan Karst Gunung Sewu memanfaatkan 18 jenis serangga yang sebagianbesar berasal dari ordo Coleoptera (kumbang), Orthoptera (belalang dan jangkrik),dan Lepidoptera (kupu-kupu dan ngengat) sebagai sumber protein, karena padamusim tertentu memiliki kelimpahan yang sangat tinggi. Faktor Internal (seranggamempunyai rasa yang enak dan lezat) dan faktor eksternal (lingkungan, ekonomi,dan sosial) mempengaruhi dan saling berkaitan dalam membentuk perilakukonsumsi serangga pada masyarakat di kawasan karst. Pemanfaatan seranggasebagai sumber protein pada masyarakat di kawasan karst Gunung Sewumempunyai dampak yang positif terutama pada aspek lingkungan dan ekonomiyaitu dapat membantu menggantikan peran predator alami serangga yang hilangdan juga mampu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat setempat

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ABSTRACTEarth's population has reached more than 7 billion people and its growth continuesto increase. These conditions led to pressure on the provision of food, especiallyprotein sources. Many conventional farms cause environmental degradation andpollution. The community of Gunung Sewu karst area (GSKA) known since longtime been using edible insects as a protein source, but there is no research data onthe use of insects. The purpose of this study is to collect data species of insectused as a protein source on GSKA community, to analyze factors influencing theconsumption of edible insects on GSKA community, and examines the impact useof edible insects as a protein source on GSKA community. This study uses aquantitative approach. The data collection is done by field observations,questionnaires and interviews later conducted literature review. The resultsshowed people in the Gunung Sewu Karst Area use of 18 species of insects arelargely derived from the order Coleoptera (beetles), Orthoptera (grasshoppers andcrickets), and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) as a protein source because in aparticular season has an abundance of very high. Environmental factors andeconomic factors, has the highest influence on the consumption of insects inGSKA community. Internal factors (insect has a good flavor and delicious) andexternal factors (environmental, economic, and social) influence and interrelatedin the consumption activities of insects. Utilization of insects as a protein sourcein the GSKA community has a positive effect especially on environmental andeconomic aspects, which can help replace the role of natural predators of insectswere lost and also able to improve the local economy"

"Latar Belakang. Prevalensi balita wasting di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Baratmencapai 10%, hal ini dapat memengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak balita. Hasilpenelitian sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara infeksi danasupan nutrisi terhadap wasting. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahuikarakteristik balita, prevalensi wasting, dan asupan karbohidrat, protein, dan lemakserta hubungannya terhadap wasting pada balita di Desa Sembalun Bumbung, NTB.Metode. Studi potong lintang telah dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan 112 balita usia6-59 bulan di Desa Sembalun Bumbung, Kecamatan Sembalun, Lombok Timur,NTB pada Agustus 2019. Data antropometri berupa tinggi badan dan berat badandiukur untuk menentukan status gizi. Wawancara menggunakan kuesionerdilakukan untuk mendapatkan data demografi, sedangkan untuk mendapatkanasupan makronutrien balita menggunakan multiple-pass 2x24 hour food recallterhadap ibu balita. Data antropometri diolah menggunakan WHO Anthro SurveyAnalyser, sedangkan kuesioner diolah dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Epidataversi 4.4. Data asupan makanan dari food recall diolah menggunakan Nutrisurvey2004. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact Test pada SPSS versi 20.Hasil. Prevalensi balita wasting di Desa Sembalun Bumbung adalah 7%. Ujibivariat menyatakan bahwa asupan karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak tidak memilikihubungan yang signifikan terhadap wasting (p>0.05).Kesimpulan. Asupan karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein tidak memiliki hubunganterhadap wasting pada balita usia 6-59 bulan di Desa Sembalun Bumbung

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Background. Wasting prevalence in children under-five in Nusa Tenggara BaratProvince is 10%, while wasting is an important factor affecting children’s growthand development. Current research shows that infection and nutrition intake affectwasting. This research is aimed to identify characteristics, prevalence of wasting,and association between carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake on wasting in childrenunder-five at Sembalun Bumbung Village, NTB.Method. A cross sectional study was conducted in Desa Sembalun Bumbung,Kecamatan Sembalun, Lombok Timur, NTB in August 2019; 112 children of 6-59months age were recruited. Anthropometry data including height and weight wasobtained to analyze nutritional status. Children’s mothers were interviewed tocollect sociodemographic data and macronutrient intake through multiple multiplepass2x24 hour food recall using food portion pictures from Indonesian Ministry ofHealth. Anthropometry and questionnaire data were processed using WHO AnthroSurvey Analyser and Epidata version 4.4. According to Indonesian Ministry ofHealth Food Composition Data, macronutrient intake from dietary recall wasprocessed using Nutrisurvey 2004. Statistical data was analyzed with Fisher’s ExactTest using SPSS version 20.Result. Wasting prevalence of children under-five in Sembalun Bumbung Villagewas 7%. Bivariate analysis showed that carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake werenot statistically significant on wasting prevalence (p>0.05).Conclusion. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake was not associated with wastingin children under-five in Sembalunbumbung Village"

"Homeostasis protein berperan penting dalam memperlambat proses malnutrisi dan dalam mempertahankan massa bebas lemak pasien kanker. Kehilangan signifikan massa bebas lemak terutama massa otot skelet akan mengurangi mobilitas fisik, kapasitas fungsional, dan skor kualitas hidup pasien kanker. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan protein dengan massa bebas lemak dan kapasitas fungsional pada pasien kanker paru di poli onkologi RS Persahabatan Jakarta. Didapatkan 52 subjek laki-laki dengan rerata usia 55,63 6,77 tahun. Jenis dan stadium kanker yang terbanyak ditemukan adalah adenokarsinoma 63,5, stadium IV 65,4. Status nutrisi kurang berdasarkan IMT ditemui pada 21,2 subjek, dan berdasarkan kadar albumin serum didapatkan 30,8 subjek dengan hipoalbuminemia. Lebih dari 50 subjek dengan asupan energi dan protein dibawah rekomendasi asupan untuk pasien kanker. Pada pemeriksaan komposisi tubuh didapatkan rerata massa bebas lemak 47,20 6,28 kg, dengan 48,1 indeks massa bebas lemak rendah, massa otot rerata 44,74 5,98 kg dengan 40,4 massa otot tergolong kurang. Nilai kapasitas fungsional skala Karnofsky.

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The homeostasis of protein plays an important role in decreasing the process of malnutrition and in maintaining fat free mass in cancer patients. The significant loss of fat free mass, especially skeletal muscle mass could decrease physical activity, functional capacity, and quality of life of cancer patients. This was a cross sectional study aimed to investigate the correlation of protein intake, fat free mass and functional capacity in lung cancer patients in the Oncology Unit of Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta. Obtained 52 male subjects with a mean age of 55,63 6,77 years old. The most cancers type were adenocarcinoma 63,5 and most of subjects were at stage IV 65,4 . Nutritional status of the subjects 21,2 were in undernutrition based on body mass index parameter, and 30,8 of the subjects were in hypoalbuminemia. More than 50 of the subjects had low energy and protein intake. The mean of fat free mass was at 47,20 6,28 kg, that 48,1 of fat free mass index were in low categorized, and 40,4 of muscle mass were also in small categorized, that the mean was at 44,74 5,98 kg. Functional capacity Karnofsky scale of the subjects 26,9 showed less than 70. The data showed that the subjects had nutrition problems. This study showed positive and significant correlations between protein intake with fat free mass index r 0,379, p "

"Discover the link between the latest chemical biology approaches and novel drug therapies! Protein Targeting with Small Molecules: Chemical Biology Techniques and Applications takes readers beyond the use of chemical biology in basic research, providing a highly relevant look at techniques that can address the challenges of biology and drug design and development. This indispensable bench companion features up-to-date coverage of advances in chemistry and assesses their impact on developing new therapeutics, making it ideal for chemical biologists and medicinal chemists who are developing small molecule drugs to target proteins and treat diseases. In addition, the book examines the full range of complex biological systems and their interrelationship with chemistry, from the interaction of biological response modifiers with proteins to the chemical biology of cell surface oligosaccharides. Distinguished by an overview of chemical biology that is reinforced and clarified by detailed examples and descriptions of techniques, Protein Targeting with Small Molecules: Chemical Biology Techniques and Applications:* Introduces key technologies and methods of chemical biology designed to detect the interactions of small molecules and proteins* Facilitates the discovery of small molecules that bind to proteins and describes the molecules' application in the investigation of biological processes* Presents timely coverage of the development of fluorescent probes for small molecules, as well as the generation of small molecule ligands and inhibitors* Reviews important techniques such as chemical genomics, target profiling, immobilization technology, detection methods, chemical inhibition, and structure-based targeting* Offers a compelling synopsis of data that underscores the recent progress made in the area of targeting proteins by small molecules"

"This book about protein-protein Interactions as drug targets, targeting the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction for new cancer therapeutics, the development of small-molecule IAP antagonists for the treatment of cancer, protein-protein interaction targets to inhibit HIV-1 infection, inhibitors of protein-protein interactions paramyxovirus fusion ? a focus on respiratory syncytial virus, rational design strategies for developing synthetic inhibitors of helical protein interfaces, and the discovery of navitoclax, a Bcl-2 family inhibitor."

"Ventilator mekanik adalah salah satu alat bantuan hidup yang paling sering digunakan oleh pasien kritis, namun terdapat banyak komplikasi apabila digunakan dengan durasi yang memanjang yaitu lebih dari 14 hari (prolonged mechanical ventilation, PMV), dan dikatakan hanya 50% pasien dengan Ventilator mekanik adalah salah satu alat bantuan hidup yang paling sering digunakan oleh pasien kritis, namun terdapat banyak komplikasi apabila digunakan dengan durasi yang memanjang yaitu lebih dari 14 hari (prolonged mechanical ventilation, PMV), dan dikatakan hanya 50% pasien dengan PMV yang dapat dilakukan ekstubasi. Peningkatan durasi pemakaian ventilator dan lama rawat pada pasien ICU disebabkan antara lain karena berkurangnya sintesis protein dan meningkatnya pemecahan protein otot, sehingga asupan protein dalam jumlah yang tepat dan diberikan sesuai dengan waktu rawat dapat mengurangi waktu lama rawat, durasi pemakaian ventilator dan angka kematian pada pasien kritis. Namun, saat ini prevalensi obesitas meningkat pada sakit kritis dan memengaruhi pemanjangan durasi pemakaian ventilator. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort prospektif pada subjek dengan indeks massa tubuh ≥25 kg/m2, berusia 18-70 tahun, menggunakan ventilator mekanik ≥72 jam, dan dirawat di ICU RSCM dan RSUI. Diperoleh 23 subjek dengan proporsi 65,2% laki-laki dan 34,8% perempuan, dengan rerata usia 51 tahun. Mayoritas subjek penelitian memiliki IMT obesitas derajat 1 (91,3%) dan EOSS kelas 2 (56,5%). Berdasarkan diagnosis awal admisi ICU didominasi oleh sepsis dan pasca pembedahan (14,3%). Subjek penelitian sebagian besar belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi berdasarkan rekomendasi (17,52±5,99 kkal/kgBB/hari). Rerata asupan protein pada penelitian ini masih kurang dari rekomendasi (0,833±0,264 g/kgBB/hari) dan rerata durasi pemakaian ventilator pada penelitian ini cukup panjang (245,35±125,16 jam). Hasil penelitian ini tidak didapatkan hubungan antara rerata asupan protein dengan durasi pemakaian ventilator mekanik. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan kriteria subjek pada variabel dependen dan independen yang lebih bervariasi dan dengan mempertimbangkan analisis faktor perancu lain yang dapat memengaruhi durasi pemakaian ventilator mekanik.

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Mechanical ventilators are one of the most frequent life-support used in critically ill patients. However, prolonged mechanical ventilation (more than 14 days) can lead to many complications and only 50% of PMV patients being able to be extubated. The increased duration of ventilator and length of ICU stay in patients is partly due to decreased protein synthesis and increased muscle protein breakdown. Therefore, adequate protein intake may reduce length of ICU stay, duration of ventilation, and mortality in critically ill patients. However, the prevalence of obesity in critically ill patients has been increasing and affecting the longer duration of ventilation. This study employed a prospective cohort design on subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m², aged 18-70 years, who used mechanical ventilators for ≥72 hours, and were treated in the ICUs of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and University of Indonesia Hospital (RSUI). A total of 23 subjects were included, with 65.2% male and 34.8% female, and an average age of 51 years. The majority of study subjects had a BMI obesity grade 1 (91.3%) and EOSS class 2 (56.5%). The initial diagnosis at ICU admission was dominated by sepsis and post-surgery conditions (14.3%). Most subjects in the study could not meet their energy needs (17.52±5.99 kcal/kgBW/day). The average protein intake in this study was still below the recommendation (0.833±0.264 g/kgBW/day) and the average duration of mechanical ventilation was quite long (245.35±125.16 hours). The study did not find a relationship between protein intake and duration of mechanical ventilation. Further research is needed with more varied subject criteria fpr dependent and independent variables, while considering the analysis of other confounding factors that may influence the duration of mechanical ventilator use."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian NED terhadap status protein penderita luka bakar derajat II, 20-60% dari luas permukaan tubuh (LPT) dan/atau derajat III ≥ 10% LPT usia 18-60 tahun.Tempat : Unit Luka Bakar RSUPNCMBahan dan Cara : Penelitian ini merupakan suatu uji klinik dengan randomisasi yang telah disetujui oleh panitia tetap penilai etik penelitian Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Duapuluh subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan dibagi 2 kelompok secara randomisasi blok. Sepuluh subyek perlakuan diberi NED mulai ≤ 8 jam pasca luka bakar, sedangkan 10 subyek kontrol diberi nutrisi enteral/oral 24 jam pasca luka bakar. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 12 hari. Status protein ditetapkan dengan pemeriksaan albumin dan prealbumin serum serta nitrogen urea urin (NUU). Sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan albumin dan prealbumin diambil hari ke-l, 7, dan 12. Urin tampung 24 jam untuk pemeriksaan NUU diambil hari ke-3, 7 dan 12. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t untuk data berdistribusi normal dan uji Mann Whitney U untuk data berdistribusi tidak normal, batas kemaknaan yang digunakan sebesar 5%.Hasil : Penelitian ini menunjukkan pemberian NED tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap status protein antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol, tetapi pada kelompok perlakuan didapatkan peningkatan kadar prealbumin dan gambaran penurunan kadar NUU yang lebih tajam.Kesimpulan : NED mempunyai kecenderungan dapat memperbaiki status protein walaupun belum dapat dibuktikan secara statistik.

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The Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition (EEN) on Protein Status in Burn Patients at Burn Unit Dr. Cipto Mangun Kusumo Hospital 1999-2000Objective: To know the effect of EEN on protein status in burn patients with 20-60% total body surface area (TBSA) of second degree burned, and/or ≥ 10% TBSA of third degree burned, age 18-60 years old subjects.

Place: Burn Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Material and Methods

The study was a randomized clinical trial, which already certify by the ethical clearance research committee of the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. Twenty subjects were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups by block randomization. Ten subjects were given enteral nutrition started ≤ 8 hours post burn, while 10 control subjects were given enteral / oral nutrition 24 hours post burn. Observation was done for 12 days. Protein status was determined by the laboratory result of albumin and prealbumin serum and the level of urinary urea nitrogen (UUN). Blood samples for albumin and prealbumin serum were taken on the day 1st, 7th and 12th. Twenty four hours collected urines for UUN examination were taken on the day 3rd, 7th and 12th . Statistical analysis was performed with t-test for data with normal distribution and Mann Whitney U test for data which do not conform to a normal distribution. The level of significance was 5%.

Results: The results showed no significant difference between the two groups, except on day 12th the prealbumin level tends to increase and the UUN level tend to decrease in the study group.

Conclusion : The EEN tend to be able to increase the protein status although has not statistically proven yet."