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"Asteraceae adalah famili tumbuhan dengan 1.900 genus dan 32.000 spesies. Asteraceae mudah tumbuh di berbagai habitat seperti tanah lapang, taman, dan sisi jalan raya. Pemetaan jenis Asteraceae di Kampus Universitas Indonesia telah dilakukan oleh Oktarina & Salamah (2017:243), dan morfologi polen beberapa Asteraceae di lingkungan kampus juga telah diteliti (Salamah dkk. 2019:154). Sementara itu, struktur komunitas beberapa Asteraceae di kampus sudah dikaji oleh Agassi (2017), tetapi viabilitas polen Asteraceae di lingkungan Kampus Universitas Indonesia belum diteliti. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi viabilitas polen beberapa spesies Asteraceae di Kampus Universitas Indonesia. Delapan spesies Asteraceae dari 6 tribes diamati melalui metode in vitro dengan tiga tipe medium dan pewarnaan menggunakan pewarna safranin 2%. Hasil viabilitas metode germinasi in vitro menunjukkan bahwa Synedrella nodiflora, Spaghneticola trilobata, dan Youngia japonica memiliki viabilitas polen tertinggi pada ketiga tipe medium, sementara Tridax procumbens dan Mikania micrantha memiliki viabilitas polen terendah. Selain itu, tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada viabilitas polen masing-masing spesies dengan ketiga tipe medium, tetapi terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada viabilitas polen masing-masing spesies di setiap medium. Metode pewarnaan menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda dengan metode germinasi in vitro, namun sejalan dengan studi struktur komunitas Asteraceae yang telah dilakukan.

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Asteraceae is a diverse plant family comprising 1,900 genera and 32,000 species, welladapted to various habitats, including open fields, gardens, and roadside areas. Mapping of Asteraceae species on the University of Indonesia campus has been conducted Oktarina & Salamah (2017:243). Salamah et al. (2019:154) explored the pollen morphology of several Asteraceae species within the same environment. Meanwhile, Agassi (2017) studied the community structure of various Asteraceae species on the campus. Research on the pollen viability of Asteraceae in the same setting has not been explored. This study aim to determine the pollen viability of several Asteraceae species in the University of Indonesia campus environment. The pollen viability of eight Asteraceae species from six tribes was observed using in vitro germination method with three types of medium and staining method with safranin 2%. The results of the in vitro germination method showed that Synedrella nodiflora, Spaghneticola trilobata, and Youngia japonica had the highest pollen viability on all three types of medium, while Tridax procumbens and Mikania micrantha had the lowest pollen viability. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the pollen viability of each species among the three types of medium, but there were significant differences in the pollen viability of each species within each medium. The staining method yielded different results compared to the in vitro germination method, but was consistent with the community structure study of Asteraceae."

"Penelitian jumlah kromosom Asteraceae di lingkungan Kampus Universitas Indonesia (UI) Depok telah dilakukan sebelumnya pada tahun 2013. Dilaporkan bahwa jumlah kromosom 8 dari 21 spesies Asteraceae yang ada di lingkungan tersebut telah berhasil dihitung, dan 5 di antaranya memiliki variasi jumlah kromosom. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melengkapi data jumlah kromosom Asteraceae yang ada di lingkungan Kampus UI Depok. Telah dilakukan penghitungan jumlah kromosom ujung akar Porophyllum ruderale, Youngia japonica, Cosmos caudatus, Synedrella nodiflora, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyanthillium cinereum, dan Chromolaena odorata pada bulan April hingga Juni 2015. Jumlah kromosom 5 spesies Asteraceae yang berhasil ditentukan adalah Cosmos caudatus (2n=ca.22, 2n=ca.26, 2n=ca.32, 2n=ca.36, 2n=ca.38, 2n=ca.40, dan 2n=ca.44), Synedrella nodiflora (2n=ca.18, 2n=ca.26, 2n=ca.29, 2n=ca.34, 2n=ca.36, 2n=37, 2n=39, dan 2n=40), Ageratum conyzoides (2n=37 dan 2n=ca.42), Cyanthillium cinereum (2n=9, 2n=16, dan 2n=18), dan Chromolaena odorata (2n=ca.40, 2n=ca.44, 2n=57, dan 2n=60). Cosmos caudatus, Synedrella nodiflora, Cyanthillium cinereum, dan Chromolaena odorata bersifat mixoploid. Mixoploidi tidak dapat ditentukan pada spesies Ageratum conyzoides.

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Study of chromosome number of Asteraceae at Universitas Indonesia (UI) Campus Depok has been conducted previously in 2013. Result has been reported on chromosome numbers of 8 from 21 Asteraceae species at Universitas Indonesia, and 5 of them have variation in chromosome number. This study was addressed to complete chromosome number data of Asteraceae at Universitas Indonesia Campus Depok. Root tips chromosome counting of Porophyllum ruderale, Youngia japonica, Cosmos caudatus, Synedrella nodiflora, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyanthillium cinereum, dan Chromolaena odorata has been done from April to June 2015. Result shows that 5 species chromosome numbers are Cosmos caudatus (2n=ca.22, 2n=ca.26, 2n=ca.32, 2n=ca.36, 2n=ca.38, 2n=ca.40, and 2n=ca.44), Synedrella nodiflora (2n=ca.18, 2n=ca.26, 2n=ca.29, 2n=ca.34, 2n=ca.36, 2n=37, 2n=39, and 2n=40), Ageratum conyzoides (2n=37 and 2n=ca.42), Cyanthillium cinereum (2n=9, 2n=16, and 2n=18), and Chromolaena odorata (2n=ca.40, 2n=ca.44, 2n=57, and 2n=60). Cosmos caudatus, Synedrella nodiflora, Cyanthillium cinereum, and Chromolaena odorata are mixoploid. Mixoploidy cannot be determined on Ageratum conyzoides."

"Penelitian jumlah kromosom famili Asteraceae di lingkungan kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok telah dilakukan pada 13 dari total 21 spesies pada tahun 2013 dan 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melengkapi data jumlah kromosom pada 8 spesies lainnya, namun hanya 4 spesies yang berhasil diperoleh. Metode yang dilakukan adalah modifikasi orcein-squash. Empat spesies Asteraceae yamg diperoleh yaitu Blumea balsamifera (tribe Inuleae). Eclipta prostrata (tribe Heliantheae), Porophyllum ruderale (tribe Tageteae), dan Youngia japonica (tribe Cichorieae). Jumlah kromosom keempat spesies tersebut telah diketahui, yaitu Blumea balsamifera (2n=12, 16, dan 18), Eclipta prostrata (2n=10, ca.11, 12, 14, ca.15, 16, ca.17, 18, 20, dan 22), Porophyllum ruderale (2n=ca.18, 20, ca.22, 24, 26, 28, 0, 32, 34, ca.36, dan 38), dan Youngia japonica (2n= 8, 10, 12, 14, ca.14, 16 ca.16, 18, ca.18, 20, dan 22).

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Study of chromosome number on Asteraceae family that located in Universitas Indonesia has been conducted previously on 13 spesies from total 21 species in 2013 and 2015. This research was addressed to complete the data of chromosome number on 8 species of Asteraceae that located in Universitas Indonesia, but only 4 species of Asteraceae were successfully found. The study was held using orcein-squash modification method. The species that successfully found are Blumea balsamifera (tribe Inuleae). Eclipta prostrata (tribe Heliantheae), Porophyllum ruderale (tribe Tageteae), and Youngia japonica (tribe Cichorieae). Chromosome numbers of those species were known. They are Blumea balsamifera (2n=12, 16, and 18), Eclipta prostrata (2n=10, ca.11, 12, 14, ca.15, 16, ca.17, 18, 20, and 22), Porophyllum ruderale (2n=ca.18, 20, ca.22, 24, 26, 28, 0, 32, 34, ca.36, and 38), and Youngia japonica (2n= 8, 10, 12, 14, ca.14, 16 ca.16, 18, ca.18, 20, and 22)."

"Penelitian deskripsi jenis dan analisis jumlah kromosom beberapa tumbuhan suku Asteraceae di Kampus UI Depok telah dilakukan pada bulan September 2012 hingga Maret 2013. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi menggunakan kunci determinasi buku Flora of Java. Diperoleh 21 jenis Asteraceae yang tersebar di Kampus UI Depok yang berhasil diidentifikasi, 8 jenis di antaranya berhasil diketahui jumlah kromosomnya, satu jenis Asteraceae yaitu Tridax procumbens dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan kariotipe. Lima jenis Asteraceae yang memiliki variasi jumlah kromosom yaitu Elephantopus scaber (2n=x=9, 2n=x+2=11, 2n=2x-4=14, 2n=2x=18, 2n=2x+1=19, 2n=2x+2=20, 2n=2x+4=22), Tridax procumbens (2n=x= 9, 2n=2x=18, 2n=4x=36), Bidens pilosa (2n=2x+8, 2n=32, 2n=3x=36, 2n=4x =48), Mikania micrantha (2n=x=18, 2n=x+6=24, 2n=2x-4 =32, 2n=2x=36) dan Sphagneticola trilobata (2n=2x=28, 2n =2x-4=32, 2n=2n-8=36). Tiga jenis Asteraceae tidak memiliki variasi jumlah kromosom adalah Cosmos sulphureus (2n=24), Emilia sonchifolia (2n=10), dan Sonchus arvensis (2n=18).

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Species description and analysis of chromosomes number on the several plant belongs to Asteraceae that located in University of Indonesia was conducted during September 2012 to March 2013. The study was held using purposive sampling method and samples were identified based on morphological characters using determination keys in Flora of Java book. Twenty one species of Asteraceae scattered in University of Indonesia, Depok were successfully identified. Chromosomes number of eight species were known and one species can be used in karyotyping. The research also suggested that five species of Asteraceae have variation in chromosomes number. They are Elephantopus scaber (2n=x=9, 2n=x+2=11, 2n=2x-4=14, 2n=2x=18, 2n=2x+1=19, 2n=2x+2 = 20, 2n=2x+4=22), Tridax procumbens (2n=x=9, 2n=2x=18, 2n=4x=36), Bidens pilosa (2n=2x+8, 2n=32, 2n=3x=36, 2n=4x=48), Mikania micrantha (2n=x=18, 2n=x+6=24, 2n=2x-4=32, 2n=2x=36) and Sphagneticola trilobata (2n=2x=28, 2n=2x-4=32, 2n=2n-8=36). On the contrary, three species of Asteraceae does not have variation in chromosomes number. They are Cosmos sulphureus (2n=24), Emilia sonchifolia (2n=10), and Sonchus arvensis (2n=18). "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai studi anatomi batang Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae, tribe Heliantheae, dan tribe Vernonieae dari lingkungan kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur anatomi batang dan membandingkan struktur tersebut berdasarkan klasifikasi tribe. Spesies yang ditemukan selama penelitian sebanyak 12 spesies yang tersebar dalam 3 tribe. Perbedaan anatomi batang dianalisis dengan menggunakan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualititatif meliputi keberadaan struktur kutikula, trikom, kolenkim sudut, substansi ergastik, kelenjar sekretori, rongga udara, idioblas; bentuk sel epidermis, korteks, empulur; dan tipe pembuluh vaskuler. Data kuantitatif meliputi ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan epidermis, luas floem, luas xylem, jumlah lapisan korteks, dan jumlah pembuluh vaskuler. Batang disayat menggunakan hand-sliding microtome, kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif belum dapat menjadi karakter pembeda antar tribe.

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ABSTRACT<>br>Research on stem anatomy of tribe Eupatorieae, tribe Heliantheae, and tribe Vernonieae from Asteraceae family in Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok was conducted. The objective was to describe stem anatomy structures and compare those structures based on tribe classification. Twelve species from 3 tribe was found and used in the research. Stem anatomical differences was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative approach. Qualitative data includes the presence absence of cuticle, trichome, angular collenchyma, air cavity, ergastic substances, secretory gland, idioblast epidermal cell shape cortical cell shape pith cell shape and type of vascular bundles. Quantitative data includes cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness, large area of phloem, large area of xylem, number of cortical layers, and number of vascular bundles. Stem was dissected by hand sliding microtome, then observed under light microscope. Result shows that qualitative and quantitative character can not be differentiating character between tribes."

"ABSTRAKAsteraceae merupakan famili tumbuhan terbesar di dunia dan tumbuh tersebar di seluruh bagian bumi, kecuali Antartika. Lingkungan Universitas Indonesia merupakan salah satu habitat ditemukannya Asteraceae. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan terhadap famili tersebut, tetapi penelitian anatomi masih perlu dilakukan terhadap 6 tribe Asteraceae di kampus UI, yaitu Astereae, Cichorieae, Coreopsideae, Inuleae, Senecioneae, dan Tageteae. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan karakter anatomi batang atau tangkai bunga pada keenam tribe tersebut. Preparat sayatan anatomi dari 6 spesies Asteraceae disiapkan dengan teknik non parafin menggunakan hand-sliding microtome dan diamati dengan bantuan mikroskop cahaya. Karakter anatomi dianalisis dengan membandingkan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil analisis data kuantitatif untuk tebal kutikula, panjang dan lebar sel epidermis, jumlah lapisan epidermis, tebal epidermis, panjang dan lebar sel kolenkim korteks, jumlah lapisan korteks kolenkim, tebal korteks kolenkim, panjang dan lebar sel parenkim korteks, jumlah lapisan korteks parenkim, tebal korteks parenkim, jumlah berkas pembuluh, panjang dan lebar berkas pembuluh, serta diameter empulur, secara umum tidak menunjukkan adanya karakter pembeda pada tingkat spesies atau tribe. Hasil serupa juga ditemukan dalam beberapa karakter kualitatif seperti bentuk sel epidermis, bentuk sel kolenkim korteks, bentuk sel parenkim korteks, tipe berkas pembuluh, dan bentuk sel parenkim empulur. Namun, beberapa karakter kualitatif, yaitu tipe kutikula, trikom, sel sekretori, rongga pada empulur, dan kristal kalsium oksalat menunjukkan adanya potensi untuk digunakan sebagai karakter pembeda pada tingkat spesies dan/atau tribe.

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ABSTRACTAsteraceae is the largest plant family in the world and grows scattered throughout the earth, except Antarctica. Universitas Indonesia is one of the habitats of Asteraceae. Several studies have been conducted on the family, but anatomical studies still need to be done on 6 tribes of Asteraceae on UI campus, Astereae, Cichorieae, Coreopsideae, Inuleae, Senecioneae, and Tageteae. The study aimed to describe and compare the anatomical character of stems or flower stalks in the six tribes. The cross section anatomy of 6 Asteraceae species were prepared by the non paraffin technique using hand sliding microtome and observed with the aid of a light microscope. Anatomical characters were analyzed by comparing qualitative and quantitative data. Results of quantitative data analysis for cuticle thickness, the length and width of epidermal cells, the number of epidermal layers, epidermal thickness, the length and width of the cortex collenchyma cells, the number of cortex collenchyma layers, cortex collenchyma thickness, the length and width of the cortex parenchyma cells, the number of cortex parenchyma layers, the number of vascular bundle, the length and width of the vascular bundle, as well as the pith diameter, generally do not show any distinguishing character at the species or tribe level. Similar result are also found in some qualitative character such as epidermal cell shape, cortex collenchyma cell shape, cortex parenchyma cell shape, vascular bundle type, and pith parenchyma cell shape. However, some qualitative characters including the cuticle type, trichomes, secretory cells, pith cavities, and calcium oxalate crystals suggest potential for use as distinguishing characters at the species and or tribe levels."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan struktur komunitas dan melengkapi data mengenai famili Asteraceae di Kampus Universitas Indonesia UI. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan September dan Oktober 2017. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dibagi menjadi tujuh kompartemen dengan membuat petak berukuran 1x1 meter sebanyak seratus plot menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh berupa kehadiran dan diameter tutupan tiap spesies Asteraceae. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan empat belas spesies Asteraceae. Spesies yang ditemukan di kompartemen 1 hingga 7 masing-masing terdiri dari 10 spesies, 9 spesies, 10 spesies, 11 spesies, 8 spesies, 7 spesies, dan 8 spesies. Berdasarkan nilai INP, Mikania micrantha mendominasi hanya pada kompartemen 2 dengan nilai INP sebesar 39,56. Synedrella nodiflora mendominasi pada kompartemen 1, 4, dan 5 dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 50,28, 34,89, dan 59,08. Sedangkan, Tridax procumbens mendominasi pada kompartemen 3, 6, dan 7 dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 64,02, 66,47, dan 59,29. Secara keseluruhan, ketujuh kompartemen memiliki indeks keanekaragaman yang rendah hingga sedang H 1,41-2,03, tingkat kemerataan yang tinggi E 0,67-0,84, dan tingkat dominansi yang rendah D 0,14-0,27.

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ABSTRACT<>br>Research on the community structure of Asteraceae family in Universitas Indonesia UI campus has been done. The study was conducted during September to October 2017. A hundred plots sampling with a size of 1 x 1 meter was made purposively on seven compartments that became the sampling location. The data obtained are the presence and coverage area of each species. The total species of Asteraceae found were fourteen. Each compartment has a different number of species. Species found in compartment 1-7 were ten, nine, ten, eleven, eight, seven, and eight species respectively. Based on IVI values, Mikania micrantha dominates only in compartment 2 with an IVI value of 39.56. Synedrella nodiflora dominates in compartments 1, 4, and 5 with IVI values of 50.28, 34.89, and 59.08, respectively. Meanwhile, Tridax procumbens dominates in compartments 3, 6, and 7 with IVI values of 64.02, 66.47, and 59.29 respectively. Overall, the seven compartments had a low to moderate level of diversity H 39 1.41 2.03, high level of evenness E 0.67 0.84, and low level of dominance D 0.14 0.27."

"Salah satu jenis lebah tidak bersengat yang dapat dijumpai di kampus Universitas Indonesia adalah Tetragonula aff. minor. Penelitian mengenai lebah tersebut perlu dilakukan untuk menunjang upaya konservasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman polen yang menjadi pakan leba Tetragonula aff. minor yang dibiakkan di kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Proses pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 pukul 09.30--13.30. Sampel polen dikoleksi dari korbikula lebah yang sedang melakukan perjalanan kembali ke sarang. Preparasi sediaan polen dilakukan dengan metode asetolisis. Sediaan polen kemudian diamati dan dihitung di bawah mikroskop cahaya pada perbesararan 10x10 dan 10x40. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebah Tetragonula aff. minor mengoleksi polen dari 10 jenis kelompok tumbuhan yaitu Asystasia gangetica (rumput israel), Caesalpinia pucherrima (kembang merak), Carica papaya (Pepaya), Cocos nucifera (kelapa), Dendrophthoe pentandra (benalu), Mimosa sp. (putri malu), Morinda citrifolia (mengkudu), Lagestroemia sp. (bungur), famili Cyperaceae, dan famili Poaceae. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener adalah 1,431 dan nilai kemerataan 62,1%, menunjukkan keanekaragaman dan kemerataan sedang. Berdasarkan data tersebut diketahui bahwa lebah Tetragonula aff. minor memiliki spektrum diet polilekti dan menunjukkan perilaku konsisten dalam pemilihan bunga selama satu kali perjalanan pencarian makan.

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One of stingless bee that can be found in University of Indonesia campus is Tetragonula aff. minor. Therefore, research about T. aff. minor has to be done to support conservation action. Research conducted to gather information about the diversity of pollen that collected by T. aff. minor in University of Indonesia, campus Depok area. Sample collected in November 2019 at 09:30--13:30. Pollen samples collected from the corbicula of stingless bee that traveling back to the hives. Pollen preparation has done by acetolysis method. After preparation, pollens are observed and counted under light microscope in 100x and 400x magnifications. Result shows that T. aff. minor collected pollens from 10 kind of plants; Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet), Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower), Carica papaya (papaya), Cocos nucifera (coconut), Dendrophthoe pentandra (mistletoe), Mimosa sp. (mimosa), Morinda citrifolia (noni), Lagerstroemia sp. (crape-myrtle), family of Cyperaceae, and Poaceae. Shannon-Wiener diversity index value is 1,431 and evenness value is 62,1%, classified as moderate diversity and evenness. Based on this research, it is known that T. aff. minor has polilecty diet spectrum and show individual floral constancy during a foraging trip."

"Penelitian analisis jumlah kromosom dan perbandingannya dengan ukuran polen pada sembilan variasi bunga kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, L.) di Kampus UI Depok dan Citayam, Bogor telah dilakukan sejak bulan September 2012 hingga Maret 2013. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kromosom dan pola ploidi sembilan variasi bunga Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, serta mengetahui perbandingannya dengan ukuran polen. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling pada beberapa lokasi di Kampus UI Depok sebanyak delapan variasi dan satu variasi dari Citayam, Bogor. Sediaan kromosom dibuat dengan menggunakan metode squash Aceto-orcein, dan sediaan polen dibuat dengan menggunakan asetolisis. Hasil penghitungan kromosom menunjukkan jumlah kromosom yang beragam, dari n=ca. 15 sampai n=ca/ 56, dengan jumlah kromosom paling sedikit ditemukan pada bunga single merah pudar kecil dan paling banyak apda bunga double oranye. Dari perhitungan jumlah kromosom, perbandingannya dengan ukuran polen menunjukkan korelasi yang positif. Ukuran polen yang paling besar dimiliki oleh variasi dengan perkiraan jumlah kromosom yang paling banyak, yaitu bunga double oranye dari Citayam, sementara ukuran polen yang paling kecil dimiliki oleh variasi dengan perkiraan jumlah kromosom yang paling sedikit, yaitu bunga single pink kecil. Diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan jumlah kromosom yang pasti dari Hibiscus rosa-sinensis agar pola ploidi dapat ditentukan.

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The analysis of chromosome count and its comparison to pollen grain size in nine variation of shoe-flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, L.) in Universitas Indonesia, Depok and Citayam, Bogor, has been carried on since September 2012 to March 2013. The study is done to gain knowledge on the chromosome count and ploidy level in nine variation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and to know its comparison to the pollen grain size. Purposive sampling was done to collect the samples, eight variation was collected from Universitas Indonesia, Depok, and one variation from Citayam, Bogor. Chromosome slides were prepared using the squash Acetoorcein method, and pollen slides using acetolysis.

Results shows a variety of the chromosome numbers from n=ca. 15 to n=ca. 56, with the smallest number found in the small single petaled pink flower, and the largest number in the double petaled orange flower. The comparison of the chromosome count to the pollen grain size shows a positive correlation. The double petaled orange is the variation with the largest pollen grain size, while the small single petaled pink has the smallest pollen grain size. Further studies are needed to gain the exact chromosome count of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and to determine the level of ploidy."