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"Syngonium podophyllum memiliki warna daun yang bervariasi. Variasi tersebut antara lain warna merah muda, kombinasi merah muda-hijau, dan hijau. Warna-warna yang terdapat pada daun dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal tanaman. Studi anatomi dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana tampilan jaringan mesofil pada berbagai variasi warna daun yang dimiliki oleh S. podophyllum. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sayatan segar dan metode parafin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan tampilan jaringan mesofil pada tiap warna daun. Daun berwarna merah muda dari S. podophyllum memperlihatkan jaringan mesofil yang tidak berdiferensiasi menjadi palisade. Daun berwarna hijau menunjukkan jaringan mesofil yang terdiferensiasi menjadi palisade. Sementara itu, daun berwarna kombinasi merah muda-hijau menunjukkan adanya jaringan mesofil yang berdiferensiasi menjadi palisade maupun tidak. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa warna daun berkorelasi dengan struktur anatomi jaringan mesofil. Namun, perubahan warna yang terjadi pada daun S. podophyllum tidak memengaruhi struktur jaringan mesofil. Cahaya diduga merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi variasi dan perubahan warna daun S. podophyllum, yang masih perlu dikaji lebih lanjut.

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Syngonium podophyllum has a variety of leaf colors. The variations include pink, pink-green combination, and green. Internal and external factors influence leaf color. An anatomical study was conducted to observe the appearance of mesophyll tissue in the different leaf color variations of S. podophyllum. The methods used were fresh sectioning and paraffin methods. The research results indicated differences in the appearance of mesophyll tissue for each leaf color. Pink-colored leaves of S. podophyllum showed undifferentiated mesophyll tissue in the palisade. Green-colored leaves exhibited differentiated mesophyll tissue in the palisade. Meanwhile, leaves with a pink-green combination showed both differentiated and undifferentiated mesophyll tissue in the palisade. The study revealed that leaf color correlated with the anatomical structure of mesophyll tissue. However, the color changes that occur in S. podophyllum leaves do not affect the structure of mesophyll tissue. Light is thought to be one of the environmental factors that influence variation and changes in the leaf color of S. podophyllum, which still needs to be studied further."

"Syngonium podophyllum memiliki warna daun yang bervariasi. Variasi warna tersebut terdiri dari merah muda, kombinasi merah muda-hijau, dan hijau. Warna-warna yang terdapat pada daun dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal tanaman. Intensitas cahaya diduga merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap variasi warna daun S. podophyllum. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan naungan paranet berbentuk kubus pada berbagai variasi kerapatan sebagai representasi intensitas cahaya yang diterima tanaman. Sistem naungan dan jumlah sampel tanaman di dalam naungan disusun menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Terdapat tiga perlakuan kerapatan paranet, yaitu 45%, 65%, dan 85% serta kontrol. Studi anatomi dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh intensitas cahaya terhadap tampilan jaringan mesofil pada berbagai variasi warna daun yang dimiliki oleh S. podophyllum. Preparat anatomi berupa sayatan segar yang disayat melintang (cross section) dengan metode hand section. Data yang diambil bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif berupa tampilan morfologi warna daun dan struktur anatomi jaringan mesofil daun, sedangkan data kuantitatif berupa ketebalan jaringan mesofil daun dan parameter lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi warna daun berkorelasi dengan struktur anatomi jaringan mesofil. Meski demikian, belum ditemukan korelasi secara langsung antara struktur anatomi mesofil daun dengan variasi intensitas cahaya. Penelitian lebih lanjut masih dibutuhkan khususnya dalam menentukan area daun yang menjadi sumber sayatan, frekuensi pembuatan preparat yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi lingkungan, serta metode sayatan yang menunjang keakuratan hasil pengukuran ketebalan jaringan.

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Syngonium podophyllum has a variety of leaf colors. The variations include pink, pink-green combination, and green. Plant internal and external factors influence leaf color. Intensity of sunlight is believed to be the most impactful factor that affect leaf color variations of S. podophyllum. The study was conducted using cube shaped shade net on several densities to represent received light intensity. Shade type and number of samples for each shade were arranged using purposive sampling method. Three shade net densities were used as treatments: 45%, 65%, and 85% along with control. Anatomical study was conducted to observe the effect of light intensity towards the appearance of mesophyll tissue in the different leaf color variations of S. podophyllum The anatomy slide was fresh sectioned in cross section with free-hand sectioning method. Data were collected for each plant, including qualitative data such as leaf color and mesophyll tissue anatomy, and quantitative data such as mesophyll tissue thickness and environmental parameters. The research results indicated that leaf color correlated with the anatomical structure of mesophyll tissue. Nevertheless, the direct correlation between mesophyll anatomy structure with variation of shade net densities has yet to be found. Further studies were required particularly on determining leaf area used in anatomy slide, frequencies of anatomy slide preparation in accordance to environment condition, as well as sectioning method which support the accuracy of mesophyll thickness measurement results."

"Tanaman hias syngonium podophyllum menunjukkan variasi warna daun yang terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu merah muda, kombinasi merah muda-hijau, dan hijau. Berdasarkan ketiga variasi tersebut, merah muda adalah warna daun yang paling diminati masyarakat. Intensitas cahaya matahari diduga berpengaruh terhadap variasi warna daun S. podophyllum. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas cahaya terhadap variasi warna daun S. podophyllum. Syngonium podophylllum ditanam di dalam naungan paranet berbentuk kubus dengan kerapatan berbeda sebagai representasi intensitas cahaya yang diterima tanaman. Terdapat tiga perlakuan kerapatan paranet, yaitu 45%, 65%, dan 85%. Ketiga tanaman perlakuan dibandingkan terhadap tanaman kontrol yang ditumbuhkan tanpa naungan paranet. Pengambilan data berupa data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap setiap tanaman. Data kualitatif berupa variasi bentuk dan warna daun, sedangkan data kuantitatif berupa pertumbuhan tanaman, kadar pigmen daun, dan parameter lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh naungan paranet terhadap kemunculan warna daun S. podophyllum. Naungan paranet 85% memiliki tanaman dengan jumlah daun berwarna merah muda yang paling banyak dan laju pertumbuhan yang paling tinggi. Sementara itu, naungan paranet 65% menunjukkan peluang paling besar pada kemunculan daun berwarna kombinasi merah muda-hijau. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor internal yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan warna daun S. podophyllum

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The ornamental plant Syngonium podophyllum displays leaf color variations that are divided into three categories: pink, pink-green combination, and green. Among these variations, the pink color is the most preferred by the community. It is believed that the intensity of sunlight affects the leaf color variations of S. podophyllum. A study was conducted to determine the effect of light intensity on the leaf color variations of S. podophyllum. Syngonium podophyllum plants were grown under cube-shaped shade nets with different densities to represent the received light intensity. Three shade net densities were used as treatments: 45%, 65%, and 85%. These three treatment plants were compared to a control plant grown without shade net. Data were collected for each plant, including qualitative data such as leaf shape and color variations, and quantitative data such as plant growth, leaf pigment content, and environmental parameters. The research results indicate that shade nets have an influence on the appearance of leaf colors in S. podophyllum. The 85% shade net density resulted in the highest number of pink-colored leaves and the fastest growth rate. Meanwhile, the 65% shade net showed the highest probability of the pink-green combination leaf color. Further research is needed to determine the internal factors that have the most significant impact on the leaf color changes in S. podophyllum"

"Syngonium podophyllum memiliki variasi warna daun, yaitu merah muda, merah muda-hijau, dan hijau. Daun berwarna merah muda adalah yang paling diminati masyarakat. Spektrum warna cahaya diduga berperan dalam kemunculan beragam warna daun S. podophyllum. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh spektrum warna cahaya terhadap warna daun dan pertumbuhan S. podophyllum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan naungan warna (coloured shade cloth) berbentuk kubus dari plastik mika PVC transparan berwarna biru, hijau, dan merah yang masing-masing berisi empat polybag S. podophyllum. Data kualitatif berupa bentuk dan warna daun, serta data kuantitatif yang diukur, yaitu intensitas cahaya, intensitas UV-B, suhu, dan kelembapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan naungan warna berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan warna daun S. podophyllum. Naungan merah paling berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan daun berwarna merah muda. Selain warna daun, naungan warna juga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan S. podophyllum. Naungan warna yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan S. podophyllum adalah biru. Hasil penelitian juga memperlihatkan bahwa S. podophyllum tidak hanya mengalami perubahan warna daun, tetapi juga mengalami perubahan bentuk daun. Penelitian lebih lanjut masih dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui nilai panjang gelombang spesifik guna memvalidasi spektrum warna yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan warna dan pertumbuhan S. podophyllum.

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Syngonium podophyllum has a variety of leaf colors, including pink, pink-green, and green. Pink-colored leaves are the most desirable to the public. The spectrum of light colors is believed to play a role in the appearance of diverse leaf colors in S. podophyllum. The research was conducted to determine the main factors causing the formation of leaf color variations in S. podophyllum. The study was conducted to determine the effect of the light color spectrum on the leaf color and growth of S. podophyllum. The study used colored shade cloth in the form of cubes of transparent blue, green, and red PVC mica plastic, each containing four polybags of S. podophyllum. The qualitative data observed were the shape and color of the leaves. The quantitative data measured were light intensity, UV-B intensity, temperature, and humidity. The study results showed that the color shade influenced the appearance of leaf colors in S. podophyllum. The red shade had the most significant effect on the emergence of pink-colored leaves. In addition to leaf color, the color shade also affected the growth of S. podophyllum. The blue shade had the most significant impact on the growth of S. podophyllum. The results also revealed that S. podophyllum not only undergoes changes in leaf color but also changes in leaf shape. Further research is still needed to determine specific wavelength values in order to validate the color spectrum that has the most significant effect on the appearance of colors and the growth of S. podophyllum."

"Pada penelitian ini, sintesis nanopartikel ZnO, Co2SnO4, dan nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 dilakukan secara green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak daun talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) dalam sistem dua fasa (n-heksana – air). Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada ekstrak daun talas seperti alkaloid dan saponin akan berperan sebagai sumber basa lemah dan capping agent dalam proses sintesis. Selanjutnya, hasil sintesis akan dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis DRS, Spektroskopi FTIR, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis DRS didapatkan nilai band gap energy untuk nanopartikel ZnO, Co2SnO4, dan nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 masing-masing sebesar 3,08 eV, 1,6 eV, dan 2,44 eV. Nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 diuji aktivitas fotokatalitiknya terhadap malasit hijau. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, uji aktivitas fotokatalitik nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 memiliki persen degradasi tertinggi pada kondisi optimum dengan berat sebesar 12 mg pada 5,0 x 10-6 M malasit hijau selama 120 menit di bawah sinar tampak, yaitu sebesar 92,63%.

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In this research, synthesis of ZnO, Co2SnO4 nanoparticles, and ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites were prepared by green synthesis using taro (Colocasia esculenta L.Schott) leaf extract in a two phase system (n-hexane – water). The content of secondary metabolites found in taro leaf extract such as alkaloid and saponin were roled as a source of weak base and capping agent in the synthesis process. Furthermore, the synthesis results were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, UV-Vis DRS spectrophotometer, FTIR spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. UV-Vis DRS spectrophotometer characterization shows that band gap energy of ZnO, Co2SnO4 nanoparticles, and ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites were 3,08 eV, 1,6 eV, and 2,44 eV, respectively. ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites was applied for its photocatalytic activity to malachite green. Based on research results, the photocatalytic activity test of ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites had the highest degradation percentage of malachite green reached in the optimum condition of 12 mg mass catalyst and 5,0 x 10-6 M of malachite green concentration for 120 minutes under visible light, which was 92,63%."

"Pada penelitian ini, sintesis nanopartikel ZnO, Co2SnO4, dan nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 dilakukan secara green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak daun talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) dalam sistem dua fasa (n-heksana – air). Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada ekstrak daun talas seperti alkaloid dan saponin akan berperan sebagai sumber basa lemah dan capping agent dalam proses sintesis. Selanjutnya, hasil sintesis akan dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis DRS, Spektroskopi FTIR, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis DRS didapatkan nilai band gap energy untuk nanopartikel ZnO, Co2SnO4, dan nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 masing-masing sebesar 3,08 eV, 1,6 eV, dan 2,44 eV. Nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 diuji aktivitas fotokatalitiknya terhadap malasit hijau. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, uji aktivitas fotokatalitik nanokomposit ZnO/Co2SnO4 memiliki persen degradasi tertinggi pada kondisi optimum dengan berat sebesar 12 mg pada 5,0 x 10-6 M malasit hijau selama 120 menit di bawah sinar tampak, yaitu sebesar 92,63%.

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In this research, synthesis of ZnO, Co2SnO4 nanoparticles, and ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites were prepared by green synthesis using taro (Colocasia esculenta L.Schott) leaf extract in a two phase system (n-hexane – water). The content of secondary metabolites found in taro leaf extract such as alkaloid and saponin were roled as a source of weak base and capping agent in the synthesis process. Furthermore, the synthesis results were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, UV-Vis DRS spectrophotometer, FTIR spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. UV-Vis DRS spectrophotometer characterization shows that band gap energy of ZnO, Co2SnO4 nanoparticles, and ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites were 3,08 eV, 1,6 eV, and 2,44 eV, respectively. ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites was applied for its photocatalytic activity to malachite green. Based on research results, the photocatalytic activity test of ZnO/Co2SnO4 nanocomposites had the highest degradation percentage of malachite green reached in the optimum condition of 12 mg mass catalyst and 5,0 x 10-6 M of malachite green concentration for 120 minutes under visible light, which was 92,63%."

"Latar belakang: Nyeri kepala sekunder karena variasi anatomi pada mukosa hidung, konka, dan septum dikategorikan dalam lampiran pada International Classification of Headache Disorders – 3. Posisi ini berbeda dan lebih lemah dibanding dengan nyeri kepala sekunder akibat rinosinusitis akut atau eksaserbasi akut pada rinosinusitis kronik. Variasi anatomi pada rongga hidung dan sinus paranasal menjadi stimulasi mekanik berupa kompresi antar mukosa intranasal dan perubahan tekanan barometrik dalam rongga sinus. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan peran variasi anatomi septum deviasi, konka bulosa, dan sinus etmo-maksila (SEM) sebagai faktor risiko nyeri kepala rinogenikMetode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang pada pasien nyeri kepala rinogenik di Departemen THT RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, RSUP Persahabatan dan RSUP Fatmawati periode Desember 2022 – Februari 2023. Parameter yang dinilai adalah skor NPRS, NOSE, dan ESS.Hasil: Proporsi variasi anatomi septum deviasi sebesar 73,8%, konka bulosa sebesar 52,3%, dan sinus etmomaksila sebesar 47,7% pada pasien nyeri kepala rinogenik di RSCM, RSF, dan RSP yang dievaluasi melalui tomografi komputer sinus paranasal. Terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna antar kelompok derajat septum deviasi dan klasifikasi Mladina terhadap skor NPRS, NOSE, ESS (p<0,05). SEM tipe 2 memiliki rerata skor NPRS yang lebih tinggi dibanding SEM tipe 1 namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Tipe SEM memiliki perbedaan rerata yang bermakna antar kelompok terhadap skor NOSE dan ESS (p<0,05). Jumlah variasi anatomi dan skor ESS memiliki kecenderungan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap skor NPRS (p<0,05). Odds ratio regresi logistik jumlah variasi anatomi dan skor ESS adalah 4,98E9.Kesimpulan: Proporsi variasi anatomi septum deviasi ditemukan paling banyak pada populasi nyeri kepala rinogenik. Derajat septum deviasi dan klasifikasi Mladina memiliki kecenderungan terhadap derajat nyeri kepala rinogenik. Tipe SEM memiliki kecenderungan hubungan dengan sumbatan hidung dan gangguan napas saat tidur. Jumlah variasi anatomi dan skor ESS menjadi faktor prediktor untuk derajat nyeri kepala rinogenik.

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Background: Secondary headaches due to anatomic variations in the nasal mucosa, turbinates, and septum are categorized in the appendix to the International Classification of Headache Disorders – 3. This position is different and weaker than secondary headaches due to acute rhinosinusitis or acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. This study aims to determine the trend of the role of anatomical variations of septum deviation, concha bullosa, and ethmo-maxillary sinus (SEM) as risk factors for rhinogenic headache.

Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design in rhinogenic headache patients at the ENT Department of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Friendship Hospital and Fatmawati Hospital for the period December 2022 - February 2023. The parameters assessed were the NPRS, NOSE, and ESS scores.

Results: ¬The proportion of anatomical variations of septum deviation was 73.8%, concha bullosa was 52.3%, and ethmomaxillary sinus was 47.7% in patients with rhinogenic headaches at RSCM, RSF, and RSP which were evaluated by computer tomography of the paranasal sinuses. There was a significant mean difference between the groups with the degree of septum deviation and the Mladina classification on the NPRS, NOSE, and ESS scores (p<0.05). SEM type 2 has a higher average NPRS score than SEM type 1 but it is not statistically significant. The SEM type had a significant difference between groups in the NOSE and ESS scores (p<0.05). The number of anatomic variations and the ESS score tended to have a significant relationship with the NPRS score (p<0.05). The logistic regression odds ratio for the number of anatomic variations and the ESS score is 4.98E9.

Conclusion: The proportion of anatomical variations of septum deviation was found to be the highest in the rhinogenic headache population. The degree of septal deviation and the Mladina classification tend to the degree of rhinogenic headache. The SEM type tends to be associated with nasal obstruction and difficulty breathing during sleep. The amount of anatomic variation and ESS score are predictors for the degree of rhinogenic headache.

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"Penelitian mengenai adaptasi anatomi daun dan karakter rizom pada lima spesies paku epifit famili Polypodiaceae di beberapa wilayah Universitas Indonesia telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi adaptasi pada paku epifit terhadap lingkungan kering. Spesies yang digunakan adalah Pyrrosia piloselloides, Pyrrosia lanceolata, Platycerium bifurcatum, Drynaria sparsisora, dan Phymatosorus scolopendria. Masing-masing spesies diamati bentuk epidermis, bentuk stomata, posisi stomata, bentuk trikom sebagai data kualitatif. Ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan epidermis, ketebalan mesofil, ketebalan daun, luas berkas pembuluh angkut, luas stomata serta kerapatan stomata, luas permukaan melintang rizom, dan kapasitas kandungan air sebagai data kuantitatif. Daun pada lima spesies disayat dengan metode sayatan segar. Rizom dipotong secara melintang, difoto, kemudian diukur dengan aplikasi ImageJ. Berat turgid dan berat kering daun diukur untuk mendapatkan kapasitas kandungan air daun. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan adaptasi anatomi dan karakter rizom. Spesies Pyrrosia piloselloides dan P. lanceolata memiliki anatomi daun yang menyerupai daun tumbuhan succulent dengan memiliki kapasitas kandungan air yang tinggi yaitu, 0,149 dan 0,133. Drynaria sparsisora memiliki anatomi ketebalan daun yang tipis 2,6 x 102 μm, kerapatan stomata yang tinggi 51,33/mm2, serta rizom yang luas dengan nilai rerata 3,43 x 102 mm2. Platycerium bifurcatum memiliki anatomi daun relatif tebal dengan nilai rerata 1,23 x 103 μm, dan pembuluh angkut primer reliatif sempit dengan nilai rerata 2,63 x 104 μm. Phymatosorus scolopendria memiliki luas stomata besar 1,97 x 103 μm2 dan rizom relatif tebal.

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The research regarding anatomical adaptation of leaf and rhizome charactristics of five epiphytic fern species of Polypodiaceae family in several areas of Universitas Indonesia has been carried out. This research was aimed to knowing epiphytic ferns strategies against dry environment. Five species used in these research are Pyrrosia piloselloides, Pyrrosia lanceolata, Platycerium bifurcatum, Drynaria sparsisora,dan Phymatosorus scolopendria. The epidermal shape, stomatal shape, and type of trichome was observed as the qualitative data. Quantitative data includes cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf thickness, vascular bundle area, stomatal area, stomatal frequency, and rhizome surface area. The leaves of five species was cut using fresh slice method. Rhizome was cut in cross section and photographed. Visual measurements of leaf and rhizome were measured using Image J. Turgid and dry weight of leaf was collected to measure leaf water capacity. The results show there were differences in the anatomical adaptation and rhizome character. In the species Pyrrosia piloselloides and P. lanceolata have leaf anatomy that resembles the leaves of succulent plants with higher leaf water capacity, 0.149 dan 0.133. Drynaria sparsisora has a thin leaf anatomy with mean value of 2.6 x 102 μm, high stomata density with mean value of 51.33/mm2 and broad rhizome with mean value of 3.43 x 102 mm2. Platycerium bifurcatum has a relatively thick leaf anatomy with mean value of 1.23 x 103 μm, and a narrow primary vascular bundle with mean value of 2.63 x 104 μm. Phymatosorus scolopendria has a large stomata area mean value of 1.97 x 103 μm2 and rhizomes is relatively thick."

"ABSTRAKDiskolorasi gigi dapat diterapi dengan dental bleaching, namun dapat merusak enamel dan jaringan gingiva. Asam elagat dalam daun stroberi mampu menciptakan reaksi redoks sehingga dapat memutihkan gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui pemutihan warna permukaan gigi pasca aplikasi dan sistem ruang warna yang paling sesuai menilai warna permukaan gigi. Metode: Ekstrak fenol daun stroberi diaplikasikan ke tiga gigi dengan konsentrasi 15 gigi kesatu, 30 gigi kedua dan 15 lalu 30 gigi ketiga. Analisis menggunakan software Adobe Photoshop. Hasil: Permukaan gigi menjadi lebih gelap. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak fenol daun stroberi tidak memutihkan enamel dan sistem ruang warna yang paling sesuai adalah RGB.

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ABSTRAKBackground Teeth discoloration can be treated with dental bleaching but it damages the enamel and gingival tissue. Ellagic acid in strawberry leaf ables to create redox reaction that can whiten teeth. Objective Determine whitening tooth surface after application and determine most appropriate color space system to assess tooth surface color. Methods Strawberry leaf phenolic extract was applied to three teeth with concentration of 15 , 30 and 15 to 30 . Analyze use Adobe Photoshop software. Results Surface color of teeth become darker. Conclusion Strawberry leaf phenolic extract doesn 39 t whiten the enamel and most appropriate color space system is RGB."

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Bleaching kimiawi dapat merusak email gigi dan jaringan lunak. Daun stroberi mempunyai zat aktif berupa asam ellagat yang dapat berperan sebagai oksidator pada proses pemutihan gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui perubahan warna pada email gigi setelah aplikasi ekstrak murni daun stroberi serta mengetahui sistem ruang warna yang paling sesuai untuk mengukur perubahan warna tersebut. Metode: Menggunakan ekstrak murni daun stroberi dengan konsentrasi 25 dan 50 diaplikasikan pada email gigi selama 7 jam hingga 28 kali aplikasi. Analisis warna menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan software Adobe Photoshop. Hasil: Perubahan warna email gigi mejadi lebih terang. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak murni daun stroberi mampu mengubah warna email gigi menjadi lebih terang. RGB merupakan sistem ruang warna yang paling sesuai untuk mengukur perubahan warna email gigi setelah bleaching.

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ABSTRACTBackground Bleaching using chemicals can damage tooth enamel and soft tissue. Strawberry leaves contain active compounds in the form of acid ellagat that can act as an oxidant in the process of teeth whitening. Objective To determine discoloration of the tooth enamel after application of direct extracts of strawberry leaves and determine the color space which appropiate to measure the color change. Methods Using direct extracts of strawberry leaves with a concentration of 25 and 50 applied on enamel for 7 hours until 28 times repetition of application. Color analysis conducted using a spectrophotometry with software Adobe Photoshop. Results Enamel surface becoming brighter. Conclusions Direct extraction of strawberry leaves able to change the color of the enamel becomes brighter. RGB is a color space system which most appropriate for measuring changes in the color of enamel after bleaching. "