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"Trading activities, whether in traditional or modern markets, generate both solid waste and wastewater. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and composition of solid waste generated from traditional and modern markets and their potential reductions in Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Cinere, based on waste generation, composition, and solid waste’s characteristics that are generated from both markets. The method used in this study is based on SNI 19-3964-1994 about Measurement and Collection Method for Waste Generation and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste Sample. Results showed that the average volume of solid waste generation from Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Segar Cinere is 2.74 m3/day and 0.76 m3/day, respectively. The main components of Pasar Pondok Bambu solid waste are 65.56% garden and vegetable waste, 13.04% slaughterhouse waste, 7.34% plastic waste, and 7.28% food waste. Meanwhile, the main components of Pasar Segar Cinere are 58.77% garden and vegetable waste, 20.58% food waste, 9.60% plastic waste, and 3.76% paper waste. There is a chance to reduce the amount of waste in both traditional markets in order to reduce the waste load in landfills. Alternatives to reducing the amount of solid waste are through reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting. These alternatives are expected to reduce solid waste generation in both Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Segar Cinere. In order to be able to be used as compost material, both sources of solid waste should add materials such as leaves from garden waste to increase the levels of carbon content. Based on solid waste composition, potential reduction waste in both Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Segar Cinere is around 40%."

"The purposes of this research are to identify & characterize the wastewater, discharged from a traditional market and also to evaluate its Sewage Treatment Plant performance. Case study is done in Glodok Traditional Market from November until December 2010. Wastewater identification and characterization took place in wet lot, which consist of fish lot, chicken lot, and meat lot. The source of fish lot wastewater are fish washing and rinsing, shrimp shell and squid cleaning, melting ice cube from fish storage, and hand washing from the seller itself; in chicken lot, wastewater is discharge from chicken slaughter; while in meat lot, the wastewater is released from washing cow stomach wall activities (in the making of tripe).Result of the research in identification showed that the discharge of waste water can be identified using flow rate based on selling volume. Meanwhile, the result of characterization are: Fish lot : pH = 6.153, TSS = 786.667 mg/L, Total N = 123.330, Ammonia = 101.333, Total P = 24.981, BOD = 1109.388, COD = 2037.248, Oil and grease = 1004.5 ; Chicken lot : pH = 5.893, TSS = 666.667 mg/L, Total N = 75.557 mg/L, Ammonia = 54 mg/L, Total P = 16.247 mg/L, BOD = 598.963 mg/L, COD = 1392.304 mg/L, oil and grease = 518 mg/L; Meat lot : pH = 10.553 mg/L, TSS = 460 mg/L, Total N = 32.720 mg/L, Ammonia = 12 mg/L, Total P = 9.43 mg/L, BOD = 100.031 mg/L, COD = 1536.240 mg/L, oil and grease = 668 mg/L.Result of STP evaluation showed that STP plan which is made based on office and hotel biological loading causing the performance of STP is not optimum. It can be displayed from the value of TSS and oil & grease of the effluent, whose not meet by the quality standard of Kepmenlh 112 tahun 2003. The low performance of STP also can be seen from high amount of ammonia in effluent because the process itself only can remove BOD without followed by nitrification."

"To analyze the stability of landfill waste, it is necessary to know the geotechnical characteristics of the solid waste material, especially the parameters related to the stability calculation such as the strength parameters (cohesion and friction angle). The physical properties of the materials are also important, as well as the composition of the waste. This study conducts laboratory and field tests to obtain the aforementioned characteristics from a typical urban landfill in Indonesia. The case study is taken to be the TPST Bantargebang landfill. Due to the difficulties in obtaining an undisturbed sample from landfill waste, a laboratory test was conducted using artificial solid waste samples. The strength parameters of the artificial waste samples were determined using a direct shear test. Besides the laboratory test, field tests (cone penetration test (CPT) and dynamic cone penetrometer test (DCPT)) were also conducted on the closed landfill zones in TPST Bantargebang to obtain the typical bearing capacity of the fill materials. The results of the direct shear test show that the cohesion value of the waste material aligns with the initial compression: higher compression results in higher cohesion, while the contrary applies to the friction angle. The cohesion values range from 0 to 41 kPa, and the friction angle ranges from 0 to 26°. The cone resistance value (qc) up to a depth of 10 m is in the range of 2 to 10 MPa. The equivalent CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value from the DCPT ranges from 4% to 21%. Despite the large variability of the bearing capacity at the top layers, as shown by the DCPT results, the CPT results in the field reveal that the bearing capacity (also the strength characteristics) of the waste materials shows linear increase in line with the depth."

"ABSTRAKSaat ini metode landfill masih banyak digunakan karena pertimbangan faktor pengetahuan, teknis, dan prinsip ekonomi. Satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan tentang landfilling adalah jangka waktu pemakaian suatu landfill. Suatu landfill dapat berusia sampai puluhan tahun. Oleh karena itu, usia sampah yang berada di landfill pun bervariasi. Di Indonesia sendiri, komposisi sampah terbesar adalah sampah organik, yaitu sekitar 70% – 75%. Sampah organik berbagai usia yang berada di landfill akan memberikan karakteristik yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan kimia sampah organik dalam berbagai usia (satu, dua, tiga, empat, dan lima tahun) dan bagaimana potensi pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat parameter pH, kadar air, ukuran partikel dan distribusi ukuran, TS, VS, COD, BOD, dan kandungan C:H:O:N dan kadar abu terkait nilai energinya.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya pengaruh usia sampah terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia yang dimiliki. Untuk parameter pH, kadar air, VS, kadar abu, COD, BOD, kandungan C:H:N, dan kandungan energi memberikan kecenderungan nilai yang semakin meningkat seiring bertambah usia sampah, mencapai titik puncak kemudian terdapat sedikit penurunan. Nilai pH berkisar antara 5,52 – 8,31. Nilai kadar air berkisar antara 58% - 89%. Nilai VS berkisar antara 23% - 82%. Nilai kadar abu berkisar antara 3.3% - 16.1%. Nilai COD berkisar antara 2.375 – 65.125 mg/kg COD. Nilai BOD berkisar antara 392 – 55.781 mg/kg BOD. NIlai C berkisar antara 7.65% - 35.82% dan nilai H, O, dan N berada dibawah nilai C. Nilai kandungan energi yang diberikan berkisar antara 4.054 – 15.330 KJ/kg.Perbedaan karakteristik fisik dan kimia ini disebabkan oleh proses degradasi sampah organik secara biologis. Namun, sampel sampah tiga tahun menjadi faktor kesalahan pada penelitian ini. Dari hasil penelitan terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan terkait potensi pemanfaatannya, seperti pemanfaatan gas metana, pemanfaatan sebagai kompos, dan potensi kandungan energinya.

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ABSTRACTCurrently the landfill method is still widely used due to consideration of knowledge, technical, and economic principles. One thing to be noted about landfilling is the lifetime of a landfill. A landfill can be used up to decades. Therefore, the age of wastes in landfill is also varied. In Indonesia, the largest waste composition is organic wastes, which is about 70% - 75%. Different ages of organic wastes in landfill will give different characteristics. The purpose of this study were to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of organic wastes in a different ages (one, two, three, four, and five years) and how their potential. This research was conducted by observe such parameters, like pH, moisture content, particle size and size distribution, TS, VS, COD, BOD, and C:H:O:N content and ash content related to its energy value.The results proofed the influence of the age in organic solid wastes to its physical and chemical characteristics. For the parameters pH, moisture content, VS, ash content, COD, BOD, C:H:N content, and the energy content gives the same tendency value increases with increasing age of refuse, reached its peak and then there was a slight decrease. pH values are range between 5.52 to 8.31. Moisture content values are range between 58% - 89%. VS values are range between 23% - 82%. Ash content values are range between 3.3% - 16.1%. COD values are range between 2375-65125 mg/kg COD. BOD values are range between 392-55.781 mg/kg BOD. Carbon content values are range between 7.65% - 35.82% and the values of H, O, and N are below the values of C. The values of the energy content are range between 4.054-15.330 KJ/kg.The differences in physical and chemical characteristics are caused by the process of biodegradation of organic solid wastes. But the three years old sample was the error factor in this study. The results of research on the physical and chemical characteristics from this study can be considered to "

"Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) adalah salah satu layanan yang harus selalu beroperasi dalam suatu kota. Operasi TPA yang baik dan benar dimulai dari pemahaman dan persepsi pekerja terhadap risiko yang mungkin terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi pekerja terhadap risiko sampah longsor di TPA X dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa yang mempengaruhi persepsi pekerja terhadap risiko sampah longsor adalah kelompok pekerja, pendidikan terakhir pekerja, dan masa kerja pekerja. Disarankan agar menajemen memberikan penyegaran kembali kepada pekerja tentang risiko yan gmungkin timbul dalam operasi TPA sehari-hari.

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Landfill is one of services that has to be done every day in the city. The right operation of landfill begin from the perception of the workers about risk that can be happened on landfill. The goal of this research is to find out perception from the workers about solid waste slide risk and factors that affect that perception. The conclusion of this research that influence the workers about the perception of wate slide risk are worker group, level of education, and period of work. Suggestion from this research is the landfill management should refresh the workers about the risk inseide landfill including of solid slide risk."

"Fruit waste is a part of municipal solid waste which is typically disposed of directly to a landfill site. In order to utilize this valuable renewable resource, anaerobic biological processes can be employed to convert fruit waste to biogas. This usable gas is then used to generate electricity. This paper describes a comprehensive study to set up technology for converting fruit waste to electricity via biogas production. First, the fruit waste characteristics (type and composition) were systematically evaluated, and then laboratory experiments for biogas conversion to explore gas production from the waste were carried out. The biogas plant was then designed, based on the information obtained. Finally, a comparison of biogas plant with landfill was performed using life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine environmental impacts, and economic evaluation to assess daily processing costs. The results from waste characterization in one of the biggest fruit markets in Indonesia showed that the three main component fruit types were orange (64%), mango (25%), and apple (5%). Rotten fruit contributes up to 80% of the total waste in the fruit market. Based on the experimental work, the potential gas production in the biogas plant was calculated to be approximately 1075 Nm3/day, comprising 54% methane, based on 10 tons per day of fruit waste. The comparison demonstrates that it is a better option to utilize fruit waste in a biogas plant, in terms of LCA and daily operational costs, than to dispose of it in landfill."

"Kota Jakarta Pusat adalah wilayah administrasi terpadat di DKI Jakarta dengan volume timbulan sampah di Jakarta Pusat sebesar 310,26 ribu ton/ tahun. Untuk mengurangi volume sampah yang masuk ke TPA, Pemerintah Kota DKI Jakarta menginstruksikan pada setiap Rukun Warga (RW) untuk membentuk 1 (satu) bank sampah unit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui pengelolaan sampah di bank sampah. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung, wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Bank Sampah Unit Alamanda Rawasari memiliki total berat sampah rata-rata sebesar 663,93 kg dengan komposisi 97% adalah sampah anorganik dan 3% adalah minyak jelantah. Sedangkan untuk Bank Sampah Hijau Selaras Mandiri memiliki total berat sampah rata-rata sebesar 815,67 kg dengan komposisi sampah 77% sampah organik, 23% sampah anorganik dan 0,06% minyak jelantah. Nasabah dan non nasabah di kedua bank sampah ini sudah memiliki pengetahuan mendasar mengenai pengelolaan sampah. Berdasarkan uji kelayakan usaha, diketahui bahwa kedua bank sampah itu dapat dikatakan layak karena memiliki nilai R/C >1.

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The city of Central Jakarta is the most densely populated administrative area in DKI Jakarta with a waste generation volume in Central Jakarta of 310.26 thousand tons/year. To reduce the volume of waste entering the landfill, the DKI Jakarta City Government instructed each Rukun Warga (RW) to form 1 (one) waste bank unit. So currently the City of Central Jakarta already has 1 BSI and 191 waste bank unit. This research aims to understand waste management in waste banks. The methods used are direct observation, interviews and questionnaires. The research results show that the Alamanda Rawasari Unit Waste Bank has an average waste generation of 663.93 kg with a composition of 97% inorganic waste and 3% used cooking oil. Meanwhile, the Hijau Selaras Mandiri Unit Waste Bank has an average waste generation of 815.67 kg with a waste composition of 77% organic waste, 23% inorganic waste and 0.06% used cooking oil. Customers and non-customers at these two waste banks already have basic knowledge about waste management. Based on the results of the questionnaire, BSU customers feel that the existence of the waste bank helps their economy and for noncustomers the biggest reason they do not join as customers is because they do not have time to sort their waste. Based on the business feasibility test, it is known that the two waste banks can be said to be feasible because they have value. R/C >1."

"Amonia dalam limbah cair industri sulit terdegradasi di lingkungan dan berbahaya serta beracun bagi biota air maupun manusia. Dalam mengurangi kadar konsentrasi amonia dalam limbah cair, reaktor Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma yang dipadukan dengan nanobubble nozzle dapat digunakan. Nanobubble nozzle digunakan untuk menghasilkan gelembung nano yang diharapkan dapat membuat proses degradasi kadar amonia menjadi maksimal. Reaktor DBD plasma nanobubble menerapkan proses oksidasi lanjutan dengan mengandalkan spesi aktif kuat yaitu radikal ‧OH dan O3. Untuk mencegah ‧OH yang terbentuk kembali menjadi H2O2, maka dilakukan penambahan serbuk FeSO4.7H2O pada saat pembuatan limbah sintetik amonia. Hidrogen Peroksida pun ditambahkan pada waktu tertentu, untuk memaksimalkan pembentukan ‧OH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja serta menganalisis pengaruh konfigurasi horizontal/vertikal reaktor DBD plasma nanobubble. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja reaktor DBD plasma nanobubble akan maksimal untuk mendegradasi amonia, jika dilakukan pada kondisi tegangan reaktor plasma 17 kV, laju alir gas umpan 5 liter/menit, pH 10, gas umpan adalah oksigen. Pada kondisi tersebut degradasi amonia mencapai 30.46% untuk reaktor berkonfigurasi horizontal dan 55.17% untuk reaktor berkonfigurasi vertikal. Konfigurasi reaktor DBD plasma nanobubble akan sangat mempengaruhi atau memberikan efek kepada hasil degradasi amonia. Konfigurasi vertikal menjadi konfigurasi terefektif yang dapat mendegradasi amonia. Hal tersebut dikarenakan saat konfigurasi vertikal maka aliran limbah akan mengalir secara sempurna mengenai seluruh bagian dalam reaktor, sehingga area kontak limbah dengan plasma semakin luas. Konfigurasi horizontal memiliki kekurangan, yaitu bagian dalam reaktor tidak secara sempurna terbasahi, akibatnya reaksi degradasi maupun pembentukan spesi aktif tidak efektif, hal tersebut membuat degradasi menjadi kurang maksimal.

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Ammonia in industrial wastewater is difficult to degrade in the environment and is dangerous and toxic to aquatic biota and humans. In reducing the level of ammonia concentration in wastewater, a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma reactor combined with a nanobubble nozzle can be used. The nanobubble nozzle is used to produce nanobubbles which are expected to make the ammonia level degradation process maximized. The DBD plasma nanobubble reactor applies an advanced oxidation process by relying on strong active species, namely ‧OH radicals amd O3. To prevent ‧OH from being reformed into H2O2, FeSO4.7H2O powder was added during the manufacture of ammonia synthetic waste. Hydrogen Peroxide was added at a certain time, to maximize the formation of OH. This study aims to test the performance and analyze the effect of the horizontal/vertical configuration of the DBD plasma nanobubble reactor. The results showed that the performance of the DBD plasma nanobubble reactor would be maximal to degrade ammonia, if it was carried out at a plasma reactor voltage of 17 kV, the feed gas flow rate was 5 liters/minute, pH 10, the feed gas was oxygen. Under these conditions, the degradation of ammonia reached 30.46% for the horizontally configured reactor and 55.17% for the vertically configured reactor. The configuration of the DBD plasma nanobubble reactor will greatly affect or have an effect on the results of ammonia degradation. The vertical configuration is the most effective configuration that can degrade ammonia. This is because when the configuration is vertical, the waste stream will flow perfectly to all parts of the reactor, so that the contact area of ​​the waste with the plasma is getting wider. The horizontal configuration has drawbacks, namely the inside of the reactor is not completely wetted, as a result the degradation reaction and the formation of active species are not effective, this makes degradation less than optimal"