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"Fruit waste is a part of municipal solid waste which is typically disposed of directly to a landfill site. In order to utilize this valuable renewable resource, anaerobic biological processes can be employed to convert fruit waste to biogas. This usable gas is then used to generate electricity. This paper describes a comprehensive study to set up technology for converting fruit waste to electricity via biogas production. First, the fruit waste characteristics (type and composition) were systematically evaluated, and then laboratory experiments for biogas conversion to explore gas production from the waste were carried out. The biogas plant was then designed, based on the information obtained. Finally, a comparison of biogas plant with landfill was performed using life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine environmental impacts, and economic evaluation to assess daily processing costs. The results from waste characterization in one of the biggest fruit markets in Indonesia showed that the three main component fruit types were orange (64%), mango (25%), and apple (5%). Rotten fruit contributes up to 80% of the total waste in the fruit market. Based on the experimental work, the potential gas production in the biogas plant was calculated to be approximately 1075 Nm3/day, comprising 54% methane, based on 10 tons per day of fruit waste. The comparison demonstrates that it is a better option to utilize fruit waste in a biogas plant, in terms of LCA and daily operational costs, than to dispose of it in landfill."

"Dengan meningkatnya volume timbulan sampah, maka keterbatasan lahan menjadi permasalahan ketika pengoperasian TPA. Sehingga proses mempercepat proses dekomposisi perlu untuk dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh resirkulasi air lindi terhadap degradasi kualitas sampah dan air lindi pada bioreaktor landfill. Penelitian menggunakan tanki toren yang berisi tiga lapisan dengan berat total 300 kg. Kadar air sampah ditingkatkan dengan resirkulasi lindi 1,5 L dan air 1,4 dengan waktu pengamatan 150 hari. Hasil menunjukan parameter pH lindi yakni 5,43-7,9, rerata reduksi volume sampah mencapai 84,09%, rerata temperatur yakni 29-38,90C, rerata total mikroorganisme (mesofilic) yakni 0,06-468,5x107CFu/gram, rerata rasio karbon dan nitrogen yakni 8,7:1-19,3:1, field capacity yakni 0,47 L/kg, BOD5 yakni 24,5-1899,4 mg/l, COD yakni 2720-41600 mg/l.

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As increasing volume of waste generation, land constraints will be problem when landfill already operated. So that rate decomposition of waste must be considered. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of leachate recirculation on the degradation of refuse and leachate quality at bioreactor landfill. The study was carried out using columns containing three layers of refuse with total of waste is 300 kg. Water content is improved with injection by flushing with leachate 1,5 L and tap water 1,4 L over 150 days. Results show 5,43-7,9 for pH, 84,09% for average of volume reduction, 29-38,90C for average of temperature, 0,06-468,5x107CFu/gram for mesophilic micro., 8,7:1-19,3:1 for average of carbon and nitrogen ratio, 0,47 L/kg for field capacity, 24,5-1899,4 mg/l for BOD5, 2720-41600 mg/l for COD."

"Prakiraan sampah di Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (TPST) Bantargebang saat ini dengan angka sebesar 23.336.869 m3 dengan ketinggian zona aktif hampir mencapai 50 meter. Apabila ketinggian/beban landfill terus ditambah, dikhawatirkan mengakibatkan permasalahan geoteknik seperti terangkatnya (uplift) jalan operasional, drainase, dan infrastruktur pendukung lainnya. Merespon permasalahan sosial dan lingkungan di atas, pemerintah daerah DKI Jakarta mengubah konsep pengelolaan TPST menjadi bernilai ekonomi dan bernilai tambah.Pengolahan sampah dengan pembangunan fasilitas LM (Landfill Mining) dan RDF (Refused Derived Fuel) Plant merupakan salah satu solusi terkait pengolahan sampah yang bernilai ekonomi dan bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh kinerja waktu dan biaya. Menggunakan metoda Earned Value (EV) untuk mengukur waktu dan biaya akhir. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh terhadap kinerja biaya dan waktu pada Proyek Pembangunan Fasilitas Pengolahan Sampah Landfill Mining & RDF Plant berdasarkan data minggu ke-1 sampai dengan minggu ke-43 adalah Nilai Indeks Kinerja Jadwal (SPI) = 0,973901373 < 1, Nilai Indeks Kinerja Biaya (CPI) = 1,110709951. Perkiraan Biaya Penyelesaian Proyek adalah sebesar Rp 699.845.994.062,13 Akan tetapi Syarat serah terima pekerjaan menjadi lebih kompleks yang menekankan hasil output daripada proses dan inputan. Berdampak perkiraan keterlambatan (TE) sebesar 9 hari dengan pengurangan biaya signifikan dikarenakan denda keterlambatan dan biaya umum sekitar Rp706.841.927.250,41 dari perkiraan biaya akhir proyek (EAC) yang berarti biaya penyelesaian proyek mengalami penghematan sebesar 6,63 % dari anggaran yang direncanakan.

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The current estimate of waste at the Integrated One-Door Service (TPST) Bantargebang is 23,336,869 m3 with the active zone height approaching 50 meters. If the height/load of the landfill continues to increase, there is a concern that it may result in geotechnical issues such as the uplift of operational roads, drainage, and other supporting infrastructure. In response to the social and environmental challenges mentioned above, the local government of DKI Jakarta has transformed the management concept of TPST to be economically and value-added oriented.Waste processing through the construction of Landfill Mining (LM) and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) Plant facilities is one of the solutions related to economically and value-added waste management. The objective of this research is to obtain time and cost performance. The Earned Value (EV) method is used to measure the final time and cost. The analysis results obtained for cost and time performance on the Landfill Mining & RDF Plant Waste Processing Facility Construction Project based on data from week 1 to week 43 are Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = 0.973901373 < 1, Cost Performance Index (CPI) = 1.110709951. The Estimated Project Completion Cost is IDR 699,845,994,062.13. However, the handover conditions have become more complex, emphasizing output results over processes and inputs. This has led to an estimated delay (TE) of 9 days with a significant cost reduction due to late penalties and general costs amounting to IDR 706,841,927,250.41 from the Estimated Project Completion Cost (EAC), which means a 6.63% savings from the planned budget."

"Prakiraan sampah di Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (TPST) Bantargebang saat ini dengan angka sebesar 23.336.869 m3 dengan ketinggian zona aktif hampir mencapai 50 meter. Apabila ketinggian/beban landfill terus ditambah, dikhawatirkan mengakibatkan permasalahan geoteknik seperti terangkatnya (uplift) jalan operasional, drainase, dan infrastruktur pendukung lainnya. Merespon permasalahan sosial dan lingkungan di atas, pemerintah daerah DKI Jakarta mengubah konsep pengelolaan TPST menjadi bernilai ekonomi dan bernilai tambah.Pengolahan sampah dengan pembangunan fasilitas LM (Landfill Mining) dan RDF (Refused Derived Fuel) Plant merupakan salah satu solusi terkait pengolahan sampah yang bernilai ekonomi dan bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh kinerja waktu dan biaya. Menggunakan metoda Earned Value (EV) untuk mengukur waktu dan biaya akhir. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh terhadap kinerja biaya dan waktu pada Proyek Pembangunan Fasilitas Pengolahan Sampah Landfill Mining & RDF Plant berdasarkan data minggu ke-1 sampai dengan minggu ke-43 adalah Nilai Indeks Kinerja Jadwal (SPI) = 0,973901373 < 1, Nilai Indeks Kinerja Biaya (CPI) = 1,110709951. Perkiraan Biaya Penyelesaian Proyek adalah sebesar Rp 699.845.994.062,13 Akan tetapi Syarat serah terima pekerjaan menjadi lebih kompleks yang menekankan hasil output daripada proses dan inputan. Berdampak perkiraan keterlambatan (TE) sebesar 9 hari dengan pengurangan biaya signifikan dikarenakan denda keterlambatan dan biaya umum sekitar Rp706.841.927.250,41 dari perkiraan biaya akhir proyek (EAC) yang berarti biaya penyelesaian proyek mengalami penghematan sebesar 6,63 % dari anggaran yang direncanakan.

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The current estimate of waste at the Integrated One-Door Service (TPST) Bantargebang is 23,336,869 m3 with the active zone height approaching 50 meters. If the height/load of the landfill continues to increase, there is a concern that it may result in geotechnical issues such as the uplift of operational roads, drainage, and other supporting infrastructure. In response to the social and environmental challenges mentioned above, the local government of DKI Jakarta has transformed the management concept of TPST to be economically and value-added oriented.Waste processing through the construction of Landfill Mining (LM) and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) Plant facilities is one of the solutions related to economically and value-added waste management. The objective of this research is to obtain time and cost performance. The Earned Value (EV) method is used to measure the final time and cost. The analysis results obtained for cost and time performance on the Landfill Mining & RDF Plant Waste Processing Facility Construction Project based on data from week 1 to week 43 are Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = 0.973901373 < 1, Cost Performance Index (CPI) = 1.110709951. The Estimated Project Completion Cost is IDR 699,845,994,062.13. However, the handover conditions have become more complex, emphasizing output results over processes and inputs. This has led to an estimated delay (TE) of 9 days with a significant cost reduction due to late penalties and general costs amounting to IDR 706,841,927,250.41 from the Estimated Project Completion Cost (EAC), which means a 6.63% savings from the planned budget."

"To analyze the stability of landfill waste, it is necessary to know the geotechnical characteristics of the solid waste material, especially the parameters related to the stability calculation such as the strength parameters (cohesion and friction angle). The physical properties of the materials are also important, as well as the composition of the waste. This study conducts laboratory and field tests to obtain the aforementioned characteristics from a typical urban landfill in Indonesia. The case study is taken to be the TPST Bantargebang landfill. Due to the difficulties in obtaining an undisturbed sample from landfill waste, a laboratory test was conducted using artificial solid waste samples. The strength parameters of the artificial waste samples were determined using a direct shear test. Besides the laboratory test, field tests (cone penetration test (CPT) and dynamic cone penetrometer test (DCPT)) were also conducted on the closed landfill zones in TPST Bantargebang to obtain the typical bearing capacity of the fill materials. The results of the direct shear test show that the cohesion value of the waste material aligns with the initial compression: higher compression results in higher cohesion, while the contrary applies to the friction angle. The cohesion values range from 0 to 41 kPa, and the friction angle ranges from 0 to 26°. The cone resistance value (qc) up to a depth of 10 m is in the range of 2 to 10 MPa. The equivalent CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value from the DCPT ranges from 4% to 21%. Despite the large variability of the bearing capacity at the top layers, as shown by the DCPT results, the CPT results in the field reveal that the bearing capacity (also the strength characteristics) of the waste materials shows linear increase in line with the depth."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini memodelkan sanitary landfill dalam dua buah bioreaktor yang memiliki tinggi 2 m dan diameter 0,83 m dan diisi dengan kerikil, tanah, dan geotekstil. Sampah yang digunakan adalah sampah organik pasar UPS Pasar Kemiri Muka Depok. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah penambahan air pada kedua bioreaktor dan resirkulasi leachate pada bioreaktor 1. Resirkulasi leachate dapat meningkatkan kapasitas landfill dalam memproduksi gas. Parameter yang diteliti adalah kadar air, C/N, suhu dan pH sampah, pH leachate, gas metana dan karbon dioksida. Penelitian dilakukan selama 104 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air dan C/N sampah bioreaktor 1 pada hari ke-104 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bioreaktor 2. Suhu sampah bioreactor 1 memiliki rentang 28-340C, sedangkan untuk bioreactor 2, yaitu 28-330C. pH sampah bioreaktor 1 menunjukkan nilai 5,72 – 7,26 dan bioreactor 2, yaitu 5,23 – 7,24. Sedangkan untuk pH leachate, bioreactor 1 menunjukkan nilai 5,73 – 8,25 dan bioreactor 2, yaitu 5,92 – 8,94. Hasil analisa Gas Chromatography menunjukkan persentase tertinggi untuk gas metana dan karbon dioksida dari bioreaktor 1, yaitu 5,13% dan 41,94% serta merupakan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bioreaktor 2. Oleh karena itu, untuk memproduksi gas metana dan karbon dioksida yang lebih besar dari landfill, maka perlakuan resirkulasi leachate dapat dilakukan.

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ABSTRACTSanitary landfill modeling in this study use bioreactors which of a height of 2 m and diameter of 0.83 m. bioreactors fulfill with gravel, soil, and geotextile. Solid waste that used in this study is organic waste from Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Pasar Kemiri Muka, Depok. The treatments that were given were addition water on both the bioreactors and leachate recirculation in bioreactor 1. Leachate recirculation can enhance the capacity of landfill gas production. The parameters studied were water content, C/N, temperature and pH solid waste, pH leachate, methane gas and carbon dioxide. This study was conducted for 104 days. The result of this research showed that water content and C/N from solid waste in bioreactor 1 on day 104 is more than bioreactor 2. Temperature in bioreactor 1 has range from 280C until 340C and for bioreactor 2; 28-330C. pH of solid waste in bioreactor 1 has range 5.72 – 7.26 and bioreactor 2; 5.23 – 7.24. pH of leachate in bioreactor 1 has range 5.73 – 8.25 and for bioreactor 2; 5.92 – 8.94. Gas Chromatography analysis showed that the highest percentage of methane and carbon dioxide gas from bioreactor 1 is 5.13% and 41.94%. That number is higher than the bioreactor 2. So, to produce gas methane and carbon dioxide from the landfill, leachate recirculation treatment can be done."

"Untuk mengetahui mekanisme penjalaran pencemar melalui lapisan-lapisan didalam timbunan sanitary landfill, dibuat model lisik di laboratorium dengan pengganti sampah adalah kain kelambu.Dalam melakukan penelusuran terhadap penjalaran pencemar tadi, diperlukan profil distribusi kecepatan menurut ruang dan waktu. Model matematik yang selama ini ada dan digunakan adalah model matematik untuk media berpori. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian untuk meneliti lapisan kain kelambu untuk situasi tipikal pada lapisan didalam timbunan sanitary landfill apakah merupakan media berpori.Untuk menyelidiki hal ini, maka dilakukan simulasi aliran air melalui lapisan media berpori seperti kelambu dan sampah. Situasi ini disimulasi oleh model matematik dengan:1. Mengabaikan lapisan kain kelambu dan dianggap lapisan kain kelambu ini sekedar merupakan lapisan media berpori dengan nilai hydraulic conductivity (K) yang besar.2. Mengakomodasi lapisan kain kelambu dalam model sebagai reservoir constan head.Ternyata kondisi diatas dapat diabaikan dan model matematik dapat digunakan.Pemodelan aliran air tanah untuk situasi tipikal pada lapisan limbah didalam timbunan sanitary landfill, dapat digantikan dengan lapisan kain kelambu dan dianggap sebagai lapisan media berpori."

"Pasokan energi dan kebersihan lingkungan merupakan isu penting yang terjadi secara global, belum lagi di Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan mencapai 23 45 GW pengembangan EBT pada tahun 2025 dalam bauran energi nasional. Di sisi lain, produksi sampah terus meningkat seiring bertumbuhnya jumlah penduduk dan perekonomian. Program sampah menjadi energi melalui penerapan Sustainable Modular Bioreactor Landfill Gas Plant merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat mengatasi masalah pasokan energi nasional maupun timbulan sampah kota. Kondisi yang menantang muncul pada sektor pendanaan untuk membangun dan mengoperasikan teknologi ini. Resident-based financial model akan diterapkan untuk mengatasi kondisi ini. Terdapat 2 skenario, yaitu tanpa dan dengan diskon tarif listrik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor pendorong internal demografis yang merangsang masyarakat untuk berperan serta dalam membiayai investasi dan operasi pabrik gas landfill tersebut. Metode survei dengan wawancara langsung dan kuesioner online akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kriteria masyarakat yang sesuai untuk penerapan resident-based financial model adalah masyarakat yang memiliki pendapatan rumah tangga sebesar 3.000.000 - 7.000.000 rupiah per bulan.

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Energy supply and environmental hygiene are critical issues that happened globally, not to mention in Indonesia. Indonesian government targets to reach 23 45 GW of NRE development by the year of 2025 within the national energy mix. On the other hand, waste production increases as the number of population and economic level grows. Waste to energy program through the implementation of Sustainable Bioreactor Landfill Gas Plant is one of many alternatives which can solve the problem of national energy supply as well as the municipal solid waste problem. Challenging conditions come to the funding sector to build and operate this plant.

Resident based financial model is used to cope with these conditions. There are 2 scenarios, namely without electricity rate discount and with discount. The purpose of this study is to find out which internal drivers demographic factors that stimulate the society to take part in financing the investments and operations of the landfill gas plant. Survey method by direct interview and online questionnaire will be used in this study. The results of this study indicate that the appropriate society criteria for applying a resident based financial model is a community with household income of 3,000,000 - 7,000,000 rupiah per month."

"Trading activities, whether in traditional or modern markets, generate both solid waste and wastewater. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and composition of solid waste generated from traditional and modern markets and their potential reductions in Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Cinere, based on waste generation, composition, and solid waste’s characteristics that are generated from both markets. The method used in this study is based on SNI 19-3964-1994 about Measurement and Collection Method for Waste Generation and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste Sample. Results showed that the average volume of solid waste generation from Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Segar Cinere is 2.74 m3/day and 0.76 m3/day, respectively. The main components of Pasar Pondok Bambu solid waste are 65.56% garden and vegetable waste, 13.04% slaughterhouse waste, 7.34% plastic waste, and 7.28% food waste. Meanwhile, the main components of Pasar Segar Cinere are 58.77% garden and vegetable waste, 20.58% food waste, 9.60% plastic waste, and 3.76% paper waste. There is a chance to reduce the amount of waste in both traditional markets in order to reduce the waste load in landfills. Alternatives to reducing the amount of solid waste are through reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting. These alternatives are expected to reduce solid waste generation in both Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Segar Cinere. In order to be able to be used as compost material, both sources of solid waste should add materials such as leaves from garden waste to increase the levels of carbon content. Based on solid waste composition, potential reduction waste in both Pasar Pondok Bambu and Pasar Segar Cinere is around 40%."