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"In 2015, the government of Indonesia launched the development of The 35,000 MW of power capacity. This project is required to stimulate economic growth and production in Indonesia. However, the project requires a huge financial investment, estimated to be about US$ 90.90 billion. Considering this situation, the construction of effective and efficient power plants based on energy potential in Indonesia is necessary. This research proposes alternative power plant development based on multiple linear regression and peak load analysis approaches. The results of this research show that 33% of the total power plants will be constructed in Java-Bali and the remaining 67% will be spread across Indonesia. Total energy demand in Indonesia is estimated at about 47.345 MW, with a total investment cost of about 1,813.32 trillion rupiah and operation and maintenance costs of about 289.13 trillion rupiahs per year. The research presented here also shows the use of renewable energy power plants increasing from 27% to 34% compared to the existing calculation."

"The objective of the study is to experimentally investigate the link between economic development, wealth disparity, governmental integrity, and spending on eradicating poverty, in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1, in twenty Muslim-majority countries. This study employs pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects in its static panel data model analysis. According to empirical research, government expenditure, government spending integrity, and economic growth all significantly affect the rate of poverty reduction. Additionally, inequality of income contributes to rising poverty in nations with Muslim majorities. This study supports the notion that governments promote increasing per capita income in order to achieve economic growth, even though population growth has no bearing on the eradication of poverty. In fact, the two most crucial policy recommendations for the government are to carry out its duties as a government of integrity and distribute funds to sectors necessary for economic and social development, such as infrastructure, health, and education. To ensure fair economic distribution in Muslim communities, governments must also maximize the capacity of Islamic social funds such as zakat and waqf."

"Tesis ini membahas pelaksanaan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJM) 2005 - 2009 oleh pemerintah terhadap pelaksanaan pembangunan di daerah tertinggal di Indonesia. Kebijakan pemerintah pusat yang diwujudkan dalam instrumen kebijakan fiskal berupa dana perimbangan (Intergovermental transfer). Besaran dana perimbangan yang telah diberikan pemerintah pusat diharapkan akan mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mempercepat proses pembangunan di daerah tertinggal.Analisis desentralisasi fiskal pada penelitian ini difokuskan pada indikator pengeluaran, yang merupakan rasio total pengeluaran pemerintah daerah terhadap total pengeluaran pemerintah pusat, serta menggunakan satu set variabel kontrol yang terdiri dari Level Awal Pertumbuhan, Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Investasi, dan Human Capital sebagai variabel independen dan pertumbuhan PDRB percapita sebagai variabel dependen. Data berupa data panel dan diestimasi dengan pendekatan Least Square Dummy Variabel (LSDV) atau dikenal juga sebagai Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dengan crosssection weigth (pembobotan).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah tertinggal namun nilai pertumbuhan yang dihasilkan relatif masih sangat kecil sehingga rata-rata PDRB per kapita di daerah tertinggal masih jauh di bawah rata-rata PDRB perkapita nasional.

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This thesis discusses the implementation of the National Mid-term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2005 - 2009 by the government in developing disadvantaged regions in Indonesia. Central government policies embodied in the instruments of fiscal policy in the form of grants (Intergovernmental transfer). The amount of grants which is provided by the central government is expected to accelerate economic growth and development in disadvantaged regions.

Analysis of fiscal decentralization in this study focused on expenditure approach, which is the ratio of total expense of local government to the total expense of the central government, as well as applying a set of control variables consist of Initial Level of Growth, Population Growth, Investment, and Human Capital as independent variable and regional srowth as dependent variable. Panel data is used and estimated by adopting Least Square Dummy variable approach (LSDV), also known as Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with a cross-section weight.

The results indicate that the effect of fiscal decentralization have positive and significant impact on economic growth in disadvantaged regions, but the resulting growth rate is relatively small, therefore the average of GDP per capita in disadvantaged regions is far behind the average of national GDP per capita."

"Infrastructure plays an important role to support the continued long-term development in order to increase economic growth. From the results of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2013 brought exciting news for Indonesia. One of the main programs of Mega Projects in the Infrastructure Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development (MP3EI) 2011-2025 is the Sunda Strait Bridge (SSB) or Strategic Infrastructure and Regional Sunda Strait. The SSB will connect the islands of Sumatra and Java with a bridge at a length of ± 30 kilometers. The SBB is one of the mega infrastructure projects which is estimated to involve a total investment of US$25 Billion. This research establishes the approach to forecast demand in the case of conceptual design. The SSB is associated with innovations to determine the functions using value engineering methods. The approach involves forecasting demand with a System Dynamics simulation model that could provide a reliable estimate and generate scenarios to compare the financial feasibility of the project before and after the process involving innovation of project functions. Analysis involving demand forecasting with the System Dynamics Approach has confirmed that the Sunda Strait Bridge development with additional functions would increase the revenues of the overall project up to US$61.59 Million, in order to obtain an increased Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the overall project up to 7.56% with a positive Net Present Value (NPV)."

"[Pengaruh positif infrstruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi telah menjadi konsensus di antara para ekonom. Akan tetapi beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Walaupun investasi publik untuk infrastruktur relatif kecil tetapi Indonesia berhasil menjaga pertumbuhan ekonominya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data level provinsi di Indionesia, studi ini berusaha mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur secara agregat dan individual terhadap perkeonomian daerah. Perhitungan regresi menggunakan efek tetap menunjukkan bahwa secara agregat infrastruktur berkontibusi secara positif kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi, studi ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa secara individual setiap tipe infrastruktur berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah kecuali untuk tipe infrastruktur air bersih. Dengan demikian, pembangunan infrastruktur akan lebih baik jika dilakukan secara komprehensif dan integral.;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensus among the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain its economic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure to economic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, this study estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individual infrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, we find that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individual effect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access. Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented, The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented]"

"Penelitian ini menjelaskan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Granger Causality dengan model regresi Vector Autoregressive (VAR). Penelitian menggunakan data deret waktu dengan rentang antara 1976-2018. Data yang digunakan meliputi data PDB riil sebagai proxy dari pertumbuhan ekonomi, konsumsi energi, konsumsi energi kelistrikan, dan konsumsi energi non kelistrikan yang semuanya merupakan data agregat. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kausalitas yang terbentuk antara konsumsi energi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi bersifat independen dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti tingkat pendapatan negara, kebijakan terkait energi dan dependensi negara terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan energinya.

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This study explains the causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Indonesia. Granger Causality with Vector Autoregressive regression model is used on time series data from 1976 to 2018. Several aggregated data are used: real GDP as a proxy for economic growth, energy consumption, electricity consumption, and non-electricity consumption. This study shows the causality between energy consumption and economic growth is independent in short term and long term. This is caused by several factors such as: national income levels, energy policy and national dependency to its energy fulfillment."

"Walini adalah wilayah yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Bedasarkan metode paired comparison, walini unggul dalam indikator pertumbuhan populasi dan pertumbahan ekonomi, sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi silicon valley. Luasan yang akan dikembangkan sebesar 1126 ha. Pengembangan secara silicon valley memerlukan biaya investasi awal sebesar Rp 151 trilliyun, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis kelayakan investasi agar menarik minat swasta untuk berinvestasi. Salah satu faktor perhitungan analisis kelayakan investasi yang dilakukan adalah analisis life cycle cost. Menurut analisis life cycle cost yang dilakukan, kota walini memerlukan biaya investasi awal sebesar Rp 151 trilliyun, biaya operasional dan pemeleiharaan sebesar Rp 353 trilliyun. Akan tetapi pengembangan kota ini akan menghasilkan pendapatan sebesar Rp 1.152 trilllyun. Dengan masa konsesi 30 tahun, pengembangan kota ini dapat direlasasikan menggunakan skema Kerjasama antar pemerintah dengan swasta KPBU. Terdapat 42 skenario yang dilakukan untuk memeperoleh nilai IRR optimal. Dalam pemilihan skema KPBU yang optimal, nilai IRR yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan nilai WACC sebesar 11 . Dari keselurhan skenario didapatkan nilai IRR optimal sebesar 15.57 dengan pembagian terhadap swasta sebesar 49.89 dari biaya awal investasi, 60.08 biaya operasional dan pemeliharaan, 80.06 dari hasil pendapatan.

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Walini is one of the areas that have potential to be developed. Based on paired comparison method, Walini excel in indicator of population growth and economic growth, so that can be developed into silicon valley. The area that will be developed is 1126 ha. Silicon Valley development requires initial investment cost of 151 trillion rupiahs. It is necessary to conduct investment feasibility analysis in order to attract private interest to invest. One of the calculation factor of investment feasibility analysis is life cycle cost analysis. According to life cycle cost analysis conducted, Walini city requires initial investment cost of 151 trillion rupiahs, operational cost and maintenance of 353 trillion rupiahs. However, the development of this city will generate revenue of 1,152 trillion rupiahs with a 30 year concession period. Due to the enormous cost required, the development of this city can be realized using the scheme of cooperation between government and private PPP. There are 42 scenarios performed to obtain scenarios with optimal IRR values. In the selection of optimal PPP schemes, the resulting IRR value is compared with the WACC value of 11 . From the overall scenario, the optimal IRR score is 15,57 with 49.89 private division of the initial cost of investment, 60.08 of operational and maintenance cost, 80.06 of revenue."

"Utang luar negeri merupakan salah satu sumber pembiayaan bagi pembangunan negara Indonesia. Dengan bantuan dana dari luar negeri diharapkan Indonesia dapat meningkatkan pendapatan domestik bruto nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa korelasi tersebut. Dengan mengambil salah satu sektor industri di Indonesia, penelitian ini mencoba menganalisa keterkaitannya dan juga mencoba meneliti kemampuan membayar kembali utang tersebut melalui nilai ekspor sektor tersebut. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan persamaan simultan untuk mendapatkan model penyelesaian yang unik dan dapat menjadi saran dalam pengambilan kebijakan terkait utan luar negeri Indonesia.

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Foreign debt is one of the sources of financing for the development of the Indonesian industry. With the help of funds from foreign countries, Indonesia is expected to increase the national gross domestic product. This study aimed to prove the hypothesis and correlation between debt and development of gross domestic product. By taking one of the industrial sector in Indonesia, this study tries to analyze the correlation and also examine the ability to pay back the debt through export value of that sector. The author uses a simultaneous equation approach to obtain a unique solution model and can be related to policy-making suggestions in Indonesia's foreign debt"

"From an economic growth perspective, infrastructure is not only an enabling factor for development or forfacilitating private investments and competitiveness across all sectors of national and regional economies, butcan also be an attractive investment opportunity in itself. Although infrastructure investment opportunitiesare plentiful across developing countries, investors are not fully seizing them, often due to gaps in the enabling environment for such investment. The infrastructure sector presents specific risks to private investors,and since private participation in infrastructure delivery is a relatively recent form of procurement in manycountries, governments do not necessarily have the experience and capacity needed to effectively manage theserisks. Beyond case-by-case project preparation and financing, concrete, implementation-oriented guidance thatcan help governments identify and manage reforms is needed to make the broader infrastructure investmentenvironment more open to private participation."