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"Resistance or drag is one of the most important factors in ship design, in particular in connection with the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly vessels. The shape of the hull under water will affect the fluid flow characteristics around the ship, hence causing the resistance to increase or decrease. If the resistance increases, the size of main engine and subsequently, the fuel consumption increases accordingly and this is not often anticipated by ship designers and operators. The use of a catamaran for passenger carriers is well known and its application for fishing vessels has received serious attention in the last few years, due to its advantages to produce wider deck area and smaller size of engine at the same displacement as the monohulls. The conversion of monohull fishing vessels in Cilacap the waters into a catamaran hull is an interesting topic in association with the development of better fishing vessels in this region. The resistance investigation of the conversion vessel was carried out by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach and this is combined with classical slender body theory. In terms of mathematical calculation, the results between CFD and the combination of empirical formulas and slender body theory shows such a good agreement and the difference between the two is less than 5%. In terms of naval architecture, the results showed that the modification of a monohull vessel into a catamaran can increase the payload capacity up to two times. Conversely, this causes the resistance to increase about almost four times and this is certainly unpopular for the fishermen."

"Penggunaan material ramah lingkungan yang selanjutnya disebut bahan bangunan hijau merupakan salah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi dalam Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) Nomor 02/PRT/M/2015 tentang Bangunan Hijau. Secara eksplisit persyaratan tersebut dituangkan dalam Bab II Subbab C bagian 3 yaitu rantai pasok hijau khususnya ketentuan mengenai penggunaan material konstruksi. Mengingat penggunaan bahan bangunan dalam industri konstruksi terus meningkat, sehingga berkorelasi terhadap eksploitasi bahan baku, kegiatan industri dan transportasi yang berpotensi meningkatnya penggunaan energi, emisi yang berdampak terhadap pemanasan global. Sedangkan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam tanpa kendali dapat merusak ekosistem yang ada dan menurunnya daya dukung lingkungan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan bahan bangunan yang ramah lingkungan dengan melakukan penilaian dan memberikan label pada bahan yang telah memenuhi syarat serta kaidah ramah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bahan bangunan ramah lingkungan dan penerapan “green label” dalam penyediaan bahan bangunan sebagai implementasi dari Peraturan Menteri PUPR sebagai upaya pemenuhan syarat bangunan hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, focus group discussion (diskusi teknik), survei lapangan dan pengujian laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian produk hijau dan pemberian Label Green telah dilakukan oleh beberapa lembaga atau kementerian seperti Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), dan beberapa SNI tentang kriteria ekolabel. Dari hasil kunjungan ke beberapa produsen bahan bangunan juga diperoleh data bahwa secara umum para produsen setuju dengan aspek penilaian terhadap industri hijau dan diharapkan dapat diterapkan dalam pengembangan penyediaan bahan bangunan ramah lingkungan guna mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan, khususnya Peraturan Menteri PUPR tentang Bangunan Hijau."

"Penyakit berbasis lingkungan adalah fenomena penyakit yang dikarenakan keterkaitan manusia dengan faktor lingkungan. 3 penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang diamati pada penelitian ini yaitu ISPA, diare dan penyakit kulit infeksi jamur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan masalah kesehatan yang dialami oleh narapidana, kondisi lingkungan serta penerapan perilaku bersih dan sehat serta keterkaitan antar variable di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas IIA Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan jumlah responden 101 orang. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara kuesioner. Hasil uji statistic diperoleh hasil,terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian ISPA dengan lama menjalani masa tahanan (OR = 2.51 95% CI: 1.10 – 5.72) dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian penyakit kulit infeksi jamur dengan kepadatan hunian (OR = 4.33 95% CI: 1.73 – 10.87). Peningkatan akan kesadaran PHBS dan kualitas lingkungan perlu dilakukan.

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Environmental based disease is a disease that occurs by the interaction of human body with environment factors. The 3 enviromental based diseases observed in this study are ARI, diarrhea and dermatophytosis on woman prisoners in Women Prison Jakarta. The purpose of thisstudy is to describing the health issue, application of clean and healthy living behavior and the environmental factors such as water quantity and quality, residential density and ventilation. This research is cross sectional study with 101 respondents. The data were collected by questionnary interview. The results of the statical analysis with significance alpha level=0.05 was obtained results, there is a significant association between ARI and detainee period (OR = 2.51 95% CI: 1.10 – 5.72) and there is a significant association between dermatophytosis and residential density (OR = 4.33 95% CI: 1.73 – 10.87). Improvement of application of clean and healthy living behavior and environment quality needs to be done."

"Usaha para peneliti untuk menciptakan alat transportasi air (kapal) yang hemat energi terus dilakukan hingga saat ini. Modifikasi geometri, dimensi dan jumlah lambung merupakan suatu hal yang penting dalam usaha pengurangan hambatan kapal. Penggunaan Jenis kapal berlambung banyak katamaran dan trimaran mencapai angka 40% dari total kapal yang berlayar. Hambatan total kapal terdiri atas hambatan gesek dan hambatan sisa. Hambatan gesek merupakan fungsi dari geometris, perubahan tekanan, kekasaran permukaan dan coating pada permukaan lambung. Hambatan sisa fungsi dari gaya seret gelombang yang terbentuk oleh masing-masing lambung kapal. Dengan kemajuan ilmu material, diciptakan berbagai macam cat yang dapat berfungsi sebagai pelindung dinding kapal dan sebagai pengurang koefisien gesek. Kulit ikan belut yang mengandung lendir merupakan biopolimer yang ramah lingkungan dan tidak beracun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui efek variasi pelekatan biopolimer kulit belut (Monopterus Albus) pada lambung model kapal monohull, katamaran asimetris dan trimaran asimetris terhadap hambatan total model kapal dengan variasi bilangan Froude. Model kapal monohull, katamaran dan trimaran dengan pendekatan displacement yang sama dan diberikan variasi posisi pelekatan kulit belut pada lambung model kapal ditarik dengan variasi kecepatan pada kolam percobaan. Variasi sarat dan trim digunakan pada percobaan ini. Pengukuran tegangan tali pada kecepatan kapal konstan (tercapainya terminal velocity) dilakukan dengan load cell transducer yang terhubung ke data akusisi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan teliti dan dilakukan pengulangan secepat mungkin untuk menghindari degradasi biopolimer lendir belut. Percobaan dilakukan pada air tawar dan perubahan temperatur seminimal mungkin (dijaga konstan). Hasil menunjukkan pelekatan biopolimer pada monohull menghasilkan drag reduction sebesar 8 % pada bilangan Re = 20.000. Pada kapal katamaran asimetris, S/L = 0,2 terjadi drag reduction sebesar 6 % pada bilangan Froude = 0,45. Pada kapal trimaran asimetris, S/L = 0,2 dan R/L = 0,0 terjadi drag reduction sebesar 10.4 % pada bilangan Froude = 0,35. Dimungkinkan efek biopolymer mempengaruhi distribusi kecepatan pada lapisan terluar (outer layer) sehingga laju kecepatan kapal bertambah.

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Up to present time researchers are still continuously attempting to create energy saving water transportation vehicles (ships). Geometry, dimensions and number of hulls modification is an important effort to reduce the resistance of ship. The use of multi-hull ships such as catamaran and trimaran has reached 40% of total sailing ships. Total ship resistance consists of frictional resistance and residual resistance. Frictional resistance is the function of geometrics, pressure changes, surface roughness and coating of the hull surface. Residual resistance is the function of wave dragging force created by individual hull. With the advancement of material science various kind of paints have been created that could act as hull protection and as frictional coefficient reducer. Eel skin contents mucus that is environmentally friendly and non-toxic.

The objective of the research is to investigate the effects of Monopterus Albus biopolymer attachment variations on monohull, asymmetric catamaran, and asymmetric trimaran model hulls to ship model total resistance with variation of Froude numbers. Monohull, catamaran, and trimaran ship models with same displacement approach were attached with eel skin at various positions on their hulls, the ship models were towed with various speeds on the test basin. Variation of drafts and trims were applied on the experiment. The tensions of the towing string at constant ship speed (at the terminal velocity) were measured using load cell transducer which was connected to data acquisition. The experiment was conducted very carefully and repetitions were carried out very quickly in order to avoid the degradation of Monopterus Albus biopolymer. The experiment was carried out on fresh water with very little changes of temperatures (kept constant).

The results showed the attachment of biopolymer on monohull produced 8% of drag reduction at Re number = 20.000. On asymmetric catamaran with S/L = 0.2 produced 6% drag reduction at Fr = 0.45. On asymmetric trimaran with S/L = 0.2, and R/L = 0.0 produced 10.4% drag reduction at Fr = 0.35. These results are due to the effect of biopolymer in distributing the velocity at the outer layers that increase the velocity of the ships."

"Artikel ini membahas mengenai kerugian bagi nelayan skala kecil di Muara Angke sebagai akibat dari reklamasi pulau G. Selain itu juga lebih jauh melihat bagaimana menganalisa korban lingkungan dalam pandangan keadilan lingkungan. Melalui metodologi kualitatif, peneliti berusaha memberikan gambaran mengenai kerugian yang dirasakan nelayan skala kecil di Muara Angke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reklamasi pulau G telah menimbulkan terganggunya ekosistem perairan akibat dari proses konstruksi reklamasi yang kemudian berdampak pada nelayan skala kecil di Muara Angke menjadi korban lingkungan. Segala bentuk kerugian yang dirasakan nelayan skala kecil di Muara Angke merupakan wujud dari ketidak adilan dalam konteks keadilan lingkungan.

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This thesis discusses about the harms for small scale fishermen in Muara Angke as a result of G islet reclamation. Furthermore, this thesis is also aimed to analyze environmental victim from environmental justice perspective. Through a qualitative methodology, the researcher tries to describe about harms for small scale fishermen in Muara Angke. The result of this thesis that G islet reclamation has caused disruption of aquatic ecosystems resulting from the reclamation construction process which then affects to small scale fishermen in Muara Angke become the environmental victim. Any harms for small scale fishermen in Muara Angke as environmental injustice in the context of environmental justice."

"The impact of the environment on human health is of growing concern to the public, politicians and public health practitioners. This book describes the methods available for public health practitioners to enable investigations to be carried out and how findings should be interpreted to ensure that the most appropriate policies are adopted."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Lansia merupakan kelompok yang berisiko tinggi untuk terjadinya malnutrisi. Selain merupakan akibat dari penyakit yang diderita, malnutrisi pada lansia juga menjadi penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan pada lansia. Mengingat hal tersebut diperlukan suatu instrumen yang sahih dan dapat diandalkan untuk menilai status gizi lansia yang tinggal di komunitas.Tujuan. Mendapatkan kuesioner MNA-SF berbahasa Indonesia yang sahih dan andal untuk digunakan oleh kader posbindu untuk menapis status gizi lansia di komunitas.Metodologi. Responden berusia ge;60 tahun yang datang ke posbindu menjalani wawancara oleh ahli gizi dan kader posbindu. Wawancara ulang oleh kader posbindu dilakukan satu sampai dua minggu kemudian. Selanjutnya dihitung korelasi antara skor total MNA dengan MNA-SF, skor total MNA-SF pemeriksaan pertama dan kedua, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient MNA-SF hasil penilaian ahli gizi dan penilaian kader serta cronbach rsquo;? MNA-SF.Hasil. Penelitian diikuti oleh 92 responden dengan median usia 67 tahun. Korelasi sedang didapatkan antara skor total MNA-SF IMT indeks massa tubuh penilaian kader dengan skor total MNA r=0,491;p

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ABSTRACTBackground. Eldery is highly succeptible group to suffer from malnutrition. Malnutrition in elderly can be the result of disease that they suffered from. It also become the cause of high morbidity. Along with that matter, we need a valid and reliable instrument to assess nutritional status among community dwelling elderly.Objective. To a get valid and reliable Indonesian MNA SF to be used by social workers to screen nutritional status in community dwelling elderly.Methodology. Respondents aged ge 60 years old who came to ldquo posbindu rdquo were interviewed by nutritionist by using MNA. The interview then continued by social workers by using Indonesian MNA SF. Re interview by social workers was held 1 2 weeks later. After data were collected we calculate corellation between MNA and MNA SF total score, MNA SF total score in the first and second examination and cronbach rsquo s .Result. Ninety two respondents were included in this study. Median age was 67 years old. Moderate corellation was observed between BMI Body Mass Index MNA SF total score assessed by social workers and MNA total score r 0.491 p"

"Evolutionary science is critical for an understanding of integrated human biology and is increasingly recognized as a core discipline by medical and public health professionals. Advances in the fields of genomics, epigenetics, developmental biology, and epidemiology have led to the growing realization that incorporation of evolutionary thinking is essential for medicine to achieve its full potential. This revised and updated second edition of the first comprehensive textbook of evolutionary medicine explains the principles of evolutionary biology from a medical perspective and focuses on how medicine and public health might utilize evolutionary thinking. The first part of the book provides a summary of the evolutionary theory relevant to understanding human health and disease, using examples specifically relevant to medicine. The second part describes the application of evolutionary principles to understanding particular aspects of human medicine: reproduction, metabolism, behavior, the implications of our coevolution with micro-organisms, and cancer. The two parts are bridged by a chapter that details pathways by which evolutionary processes affect disease risk and symptoms, and how hypotheses in evolutionary medicine can be tested. A further chapter illustrates the application of evolutionary biology to medicine and public health, with a number of new clinical examples. The final chapter uses a historical perspective to consider the ethical and societal issues arising from the interface between evolution and medicine."