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"Pendahuluan: Trauma maksilofasial dapat terjadi karena beberapa etiologi dan yang paling sering terjadi ialah trauma akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Pasien dengan trauma maksilofasial biasanya akan menjalani perawatan rawat inap dengan durasi yang lama berkaitan dengan rangkaian perawatan yang harus dilakukan. Terdapat beberapa sistem penilaian tingkat keparahan dari trauma yang terjadi yang sudah diperkenalkan dan digunakan, dan sistem penilaian Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) oleh Bagheri et al telah digunakan secara luas untuk menilai derajat keparahan cedera maksilofasial. Trauma maksilofasial dapat menjadi salah satu kondisi yang dapat berhubungan dengan cedera kranial, sehingga penilaian kesadaran perlu dilakukan. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) adalah sistem penilaian kesadaran pasien pasca trauma yang telah digunakan secara luas selama empat dekade terakhir. Namun, kemampuan kedua sistem penilaian tersebut dalam menunjukkan hubungan tingkat keparahan trauma dan tingkat kesadaran dengan lama rawat inap masih jarang digunakan dalam penelitian. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi indeks keparahan trauma maksilofasial menggunakan (FISS) dan tingkat kesadaran (GCS) dengan lama rawat inap pada pasien trauma maksilofasial di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode Januari 2019 hingga Desember 2022. Metode: Studi restrospektif, menggunakan data sekunder dengan menganalisis rekam medis trauma maksilofasial semua rentang usia di IGD RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode Januari 2019 hingga Desember 2022. Hasil dan pembahasan: Sebanyak 346 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diikutkan dalam studi ini. Analisis multivariat menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tiap kelompok secara statistik (p>0,05) antara skor FISS dengan lama rawat inap dan didapatkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara lama rawat inap dengan skor FISS (p > 0,05). Hubungan lama rawat inap dengan skor FISS menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah dan berpola positif, di mana semakin bertambah skor FISS, akan menambah lama rawat inap. Analisis multivariat juga menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tiap kelompok secara statistik (p>0,05) antara skor FISS dengan lama rawat inap dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama rawat inap dengan Nilai GCS (p > 0,05). Hubungan lama rawat inap dengan nilai GCS menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah dan berpola negatif di mana semakin berkurang nilai GCS, akan menambah lama rawat inap.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari skor FISS dan GCS terhadap lama rawat inap pasien.

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Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma can occur due to several etiologies and the most common is trauma due to traffic accidents. Patients with maxillofacial trauma will usually undergo inpatient treatment with a long duration due to the series of treatments. There are several trauma severity rating systems that have been introduced and used, and the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) rating system by Bagheri et al has been widely used to assess the severity of maxillofacial injuries. Maxillofacial trauma can be one of the conditions that can be associated with cranial injuries, so an assessment of consciousness needs to be done. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a system for assessing the consciousness of posttraumatic patients that has been widely used over the past four decades. However, the ability of the two scoring systems to show the relationship between trauma severity and level of consciousness with length of hospitalization is rarely used in research, Objective: To evaluate the index of severity of maxillofacial trauma using FISS and level of consciousness (GCS) with length of hospitalization in maxillofacial trauma patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from January 2019 to December 2022. Metode: Retrospective study, using secondary data by analyzing Maxillofacial Trauma medical records for all age ranges in the emergency room at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from January 2019 to December 2022. Result and Discussion: A total of 346 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between each group (p>0.05) between the FISS Score and length of hospitalization and there was no significant relationship between length of hospitalization and FISS Score (p>0.05). The relationship between length of hospitalization and FISS score shows a weak relationship and has a positive pattern, where the increasing FISS score will increase the length of hospitalization. Multivariate analysis also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between each group (p>0.05) between the FISS score and length of hospitalization and there was no significant relationship between length of hospitalization and GCS score (p>0.05). The relationship between the length of hospitalization and the GCS score shows a weak relationship and has a negative pattern, where the decreasing the GCS score, the longer the length of hospitalization. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the FISS and GCS scores on the patient's length of hospitalization."

"Offers complete coverage of maxillofacial trauma highlighted by an unparalleled collection of outstanding, full-color photographs, and highly detailed line drawings that clarify surgical procedures. Addresses secondary surgery in a dedicated section, covering such topics as facial scar management; secondary osteotomies and bone grafting to correct deformities; bone distraction, used commonly with congenital malformations; secondary rhinoplasty for traumatic nasal deformities, which are associated with a variety of cosmetic and functional issues; secondary orbital surgery; facial nerve injuries; and psychological support for patient with facial trauma. Features an outstanding, full-color art program, with more than 750 color photos that cover all aspects of injury and treatment, and 250 color line drawings that walk you step by step through surgical procedures. Includes contributions from a "who's who" list of international experts in oral and maxillofacial surgery, psychology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and craniofacial surgery. Relates brain injury to the overall management of the face for both function and esthetics. Contains updated guidelines on facial fractures, expanded information on psychological problems following facial trauma, and a new chapter on pediatric trauma."

""ABSTRAK"Insidensi trauma maksilofasial dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti: budaya, latar belakang penduduk, ekonomi, dan kepadatan penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi kasus trauma maksilofasial yang terdapat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta RSUD Tarakan, RSUD Koja, RSUD Cengkareng, RSUD Budhi Asih, RSUD Pasar Rebo, RSKD Duren Sawit, RSUD Kepulauan Seribu . Ditemukan 957 pasien trauma maksilofasial dan 138 fraktur maksilofasial yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, penyebab dan lokasi fraktur. Kelompok usia 21-27 tahun adalah kelompok usia tertinggi dari trauma maksilofasial, jenis kelamin laki-laki 74,82 , Perempuan 25,18 dengan perbandingan 3:1. Penyebab trauma maksilofasial yang tertinggi adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas."

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""ABSTRACT"Incidence of maxillofacial trauma affected by several factors culture, population background, economical status, and population density. This study aimed to determine the incidence of maxillofacial trauma occured in the General Hospital of DKI Jakarta RSUD Tarakan, RSUD Koja, RSUD Cengkareng, RSUD Budhi Asih, RSUD Pasar Rebo, RSKD Duren Sawit, RSUD Kepulauan Seribu . There is 957 patient with maxillofacial trauma cases and 138 patients with maxillofacial fractures cases by age, sex, cause and location of fracture. The age group of 21 27 years old is the highest group of maxillofacial trauma found, male 74.82 , 25.18 women with a ratio of 3 1. The cause of maxillofacial trauma were highest traffic accident."

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ABSTRACTAtlas of Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is an innovative, multidisciplinary, contemporary surgical atlas covering core aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgery, head and neck reconstructive surgery and facial cosmetic surgery. The text is constructed as a procedure–based surgical atlas with special emphasis placed on depicting surgical techniques with high–resolution color illustrations and images. Chapters are written by experts in their field and are designed to provide high–yield information pertaining to procedure indications, contraindications, pertinent anatomy"