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"This study is intended to simulate the river discharges in major watersheds of northwestern Java, Indonesia. The five largest watersheds are considered: Ciujung, Cisadane, Ciliwung, Citarum, and Cimanuk. The simulation period covers the 20th century and early 21st century, from January 1901 to June 2006, at a monthly time step. Discharge simulation was carried out using STREAM (Spatial Tools for River Basins and Environmental and Analysis of Management Option). The input data for the simulation are climate (precipitation and temperature), land cover and topographic data. Setup and analysis of input data are also part of this study. The Mann-Kendall test and linear regression were used to detect trends. Temperature datasets show statistically significant increasing trends for all periods and areas. Significant increasing trends of precipitation occurred in the latest 16-year period (1990-2006) in hilly and middle areas. A positive trend of simulated discharge is seen in all watersheds and periods. They are only significant for Ciujung (periods of 1950-2006 and 1975-2006), Cisadane (periods of 1950-2006 and 1990-2006), and Ciliwung (periods of 1950-2006, 1975-2006, and 1990- 2006). The most noteworthy trend is seen in the 1990-2006 period. Over the course of the 20th and early decade of the 21st century, monthly discharges have increased by 3% to 9%."

"This study is intended to simulate the river discharges in major watersheds of northwestern Java, Indonesia. The five largest watersheds are considered: Ciujung, Cisadane, Ciliwung,Citarum, and Cimanuk. The simulation period covers the 20thcentury and early 21st century,from January 1901 to June 2006, at a monthly time step. Discharge simulation was carried out using STREAM (Spatial Tools for River Basins and Environmental and Analysis ofManagement Option). The input data for the simulation are climate (precipitation and temperature), land cover and topographic data. Setup and analysis of input data are also part ofthis study. The Mann-Kendall test and linear regression were used to detect trends. Temperature datasets show statistically significant increasing trends for all periods and areas. Significantincreasing trends of precipitation occurred in the latest 16-year period (1990-2006) in hilly and middle areas. A positive trend of simulated discharge is seen in all watersheds and periods.They are only significant for Ciujung (periods of 1950-2006 and 1975-2006), Cisadane (periods of 1950-2006 and 1990-2006), and Ciliwung (periods of 1950-2006, 1975-2006, and 1990-2006). The most noteworthy trend is seen in the 1990-2006 period. Over the course of the 20th and early decade of the 21st century, monthly discharges have increased by 3% to 9%."

"Perubahan tutupan lahan telah terjadi secara global termasuk juga di wilayah Asia Tenggara yang telah mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan yang dramastis. Perubahan tersebut secara khusus terjadi pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang meningkat dengan melakukan penebangan hutan yang memicu berbagai permasalahan lingkungan, termasuk di DAS Batanghari. DAS Batanghari merupakan DAS besar dengan luas sekitar 4,5 juta hektar dan masuk sebagai DAS Kritis akibat perubahan tutupan lahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tren perubahan tutupan lahan DAS Batanghari pada priode 1985-2020 dan mensimulasikan perubahan tutupan lahan hingga tahun 2040 menggunakan model Land Change Modeler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama periode 1985-2020 terjadi tren perubahan hutan menjadi pertanian lahan kering berupa perkebunan sawit dan karet dikarenakan terjadinya perubahan kebijakan berupa otonomi daerah pada tahun 2001 dengan simulasi tahun 2040 menghasilkan perubahan dengan tren yang terus berlanjut.

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Land cover changes have occurred globally, including in the Southeast Asian region which has experienced dramatic changes in land use. These changes specifically occurred in oil palm plantations which increased by logging forests which triggered various environmental problems, including in the Batanghari watershed. The Batanghari watershed is a large watershed with an area of around 4.5 million hectares and is included as a Critical Watershed due to changes in land cover. So this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the trend of land cover change in the Batanghari watershed in the period 1985-2020 and simulating land cover change until 2040 using the Land Change Modeler model. The results of the study show that during the 1985-2020 period there was a trend of changing forests into dry agricultural land in the form of oil palm and rubber plantations due to policy changes in the form of regional autonomy in 2001 with a 2040 simulation resulting in changes with an ongoing trend."

""Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds, Fourth Edition is a major revision and restructuring of this popular text. The content and scope have been improved and condensed, covering basic concepts and the fundamental aspects of hydrology and hydrologic processes, as well as methods and applications for managing watersheds. Examples throughout the book emphasize the use of web sites and access to the internet to acquire data, update methods and models, and to apply the latest technology to cope with issues of land and water use and climatic variability and change.Beyond the university classroom, Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds discusses land and water resource issues with implications for professionals in hydrology and watershed management in the United States, North America and beyond "-- Provided by publisher."

"ABSTRAKDengan berjalannya program pemerintah untuk mengkonversi penggunaan minyak tanah bersubsidi ke LPG 3 kg, pertamina memerlukan rancangan rute distribusi yang efektif di dalam jalur distribusi LPG 3 kg agar dicapai efisiensi dari total biaya pengankutan LPG dari Depok ke stasiun pengisian LPG 3 kg. permasalahan perancangan rute distribusi LPG disini merupakan model multi depot transportation problem dengan split service (MDTPSS) dan akan diselesaikan menggunakan metode Simulated annealing. dengan menggunakan metode ini diharapkan output dari penerimaan ini adalah model matematis untuk penentuan rute distribusi LPG dari Depok ke stasiun pengisian LPG 3 kg yang optimal.

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ABSTRACTWith the government program running to convert the use of subsidized kerosene to 3 kg LPG, Pertamina requires the design of an effective distribution route in the 3 kg LPG distribution line in order to achieve the efficiency of the total LPG shipping cost from Depok to the 3 kg LPG filling station. the problem of designing LPG distribution routes here is a multi depot transportation problem model with split service (MDTPSS) and will be solved using the Simulated annealing method. by using this method it is expected that the output of this revenue is a mathematical model for determining the LPG distribution route from Depok to the optimal 3 kg LPG filling station."

"ABSTRAKBanjir merupakan salah satu masalah yang dihadapi kota Jakarta tiap tahunnya. Salah satu bentuk dari penanganan masalah banjir tersebut adalah pembangunan Kanal Banjir Timur. Kanal Banjir Timur diharapkan dapat mengurangi banjir pada kawasan Timur dan Utara Jakarta. Akan tetapi, pembangunan tersebut tidak langsung menjadikan kawasan tersebut bebas banjir. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa dengan adanya kanal Banjir Timur, potensi genangan yang mungkin terjadi adalah di kawasan Cakung Lama Susanti, 2017 . Pada kenyataannya pada tahun 2017 masih ditemui genangan di kawasan Sunter terutama pada Kelapa Gading. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab genangan yang terjadi di kawasan tersebut, dengan cara mengevaluasi kapasitas saluran di sistem drainase mikro Kelapa Gading menggunakan permodelan hidrologi HEC-RAS dan Win-TR. Hasil simulasi yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa beberapa saluran drainase mikronya tidak dapat menampung debit banjir yang ada, sehingga mengakibatkan genangan di beberapa daerah di Kelapa Gading. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disinpulkan bahwa Sistem Drainase Mikro pada kawasan tersebut tidak efektif dalam menampung debit banjir yang ada.

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ABSTRACTFlood is one of the problems that Jakarta is facing almost annually. To handle the issue, the government took an action to build East Flood Canal. The canal construction is expected to reduce flood especially in the east and north region of Jakarta. However, the construction did not make the area immediately free of flood risk. Previous study Susanti, 2017 showed that even with the existence of East Flood Canal, potential inundations may still happen, specifically in Cakung Lama area. In 2017 there were still several inundation points in Sunter area, especially in Kelapa Gading. This research aims to identify the cause of inundations in the area by evaluating channel capacity in micro drainage system in Kelapa Gading using hydrological model HEC RAS and WinTR. The simulations result showed that several channels in the system cannot accommodate the inflow, hence causing inundation in some areas in Kelapa Gading area. According to the simulation results, it can be concluded that the Micro Drainage Sysrem in Kelapa Gading is not effective to accomodate the inflow from local rain. "

"One of strategic watersheds in Indonesia is the Ciliwung watershed. The rapid growth of development in this watershed has resulted in reduced forested lands and water catchment areas. The critical point is when the upstream area as a buffer zone also experiences uncontrolled land conversion for various purposes. Indonesia Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Article 18 contains a mandate for the Government to determine and to maintain the adequacy of forest cover in each watershed. This research seeks to understand the condition of rehabilitation and deforestation of forested land in Bogor Regency as the upstream of the Ciliwung watershed which affects its downstream water system in DKI Jakarta Province. By applying system dynamics modelling, it is expected that an ideal scenario of rehabilitation which the government must undertake will be identified to cope with deforestation rates in forested upstream watersheds. The methodological approach applied in this paper is a mixed method with system dynamics - based analysis methods. The results of model simulations carried out in Business as Usual conditions and Simulation of Scenarios Model going forward to 2060. From the alternative scenarios available, it reveals that the rehabilitation capability scenario of 3.6% / year is the most optimal in order to overtake deforestation rates in the upstream Ciliwung watershed. If the simulation setting is extended to 2100, the maximum area of ​​forested land in 2090 will be 8,134.05 ha (still below the carrying capacity of the available forest area)."

"Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk di kawasan DAS Ciliwung, Citarum, Citanduy, dan Cimanuk menyebabkan berkembang pesatnya kontruksi. Permintaan yg signifikan akan jalan sebagai transportasi serta bangunan dan perumahan untuk tempat tinggal sehingga daerah kedap airnya pun meningkat. Model Impervious Cover, diusulkan oleh Schueler 2003 , mengkorelasi persen kekedapan pada subDAS dan kualitas air sungai serta memberikan pengukuran prediksi terhadap indikator air sungai ke dalam kategori kategori lalu mendefinisi tingkat keparahan dan kemungkinannya untuk pulih. National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index NSFWQI adalah salah satu alat analitis yang umum digunakan untuk meringkas data kualitas air yang mana mengubah konsentrasi sembilan parameter ke satu dari 5 Water Quality Rating WQR . Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menguji penerapan dan kesesuaian pendekatan ICM dan NSFWQI dalam memprediksi kualitas air sungai Ciliwung, Citarum, Citanduy, dan Cimanuk, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.

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The increasing of population at Ciliwung, Citarum, Citanduy, and Cimanuk watersheds leads a rapid development especially in construction fields. There is significant demand to build roads for transportation as well as buildings and houses for settlement, thus, escalate the impervious area. The impervious cover model ICM, proposed by Schueler 2003, brings off correlation between the percentage of subwatershed imperviousness and stream quality as well as outlines specific quantitative or narrative prediction for stream indicators within each stream category to define the severity of current stream and the prospects for their future restoration.

The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index NSFWQI is one of analytical tools that commonly used to summarize water quality data, which converts the concentration data for nine water quality parameters into one of five Water Quality Rating WQR . The study is aimed to test the applicability and conformity of both ICM and NSFWQI approaches for predicting stream quality of Ciliwung, Citarum, Citanduy, and Cimanuk river, West Java, Indonesia."

"The book aims to address the interdisciplinary targets of watershed management in mountain regions based on the current knowledge of the subject. The focus of the book is particularly on monitoring, research, and modelling the interactions between the climate, water cycle, and aquatic ecosystem. The issues of watershed management in mountain regions in different parts of Europe, Africa, America and Asia have been the central theme of the book, which is basically divided into five sections: Institutional aspects in control of mountain regions, stream-flow processes in mountain catchments, water chemistry and biota in mountain streams and lakes, effects of forest practices and climate change on hydrological phenomena, and soil conservation and control of floods and landslides.The practical applications and management strategies mentioned in the book, deal with the integrated resource management approach, based on the compromise between the development, conservation/ protection of the nature. Finally, the socio-economic and cultural aspects, and ecosystem prevalent in a mountain catchment are discussed in detail."

"Naturalisasi sungai sebagai kebijakan penanganan banjir Jakarta dikeluarkan pada 2019, dan dijanjikan menjadi solusi permasalahan banjir Jakarta. Bukannya menjadi solusi  permasalahan banjir Jakarta, banjir besar 2020 mengakibatkan korban jiwa, dan pengungsi meningkat tajam. Penelitian mengenai naturalisasi sungai ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif untuk menguji norma hukum naturalisasi, yaitu Peraturan Gubernur DKI No.31 Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan metode studi pustaka, dan dijelaskan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Konsep naturalisasi dalam Pergub DKI No.31/2019 tidak dapat direalisasikan di Jakarta karena relokasi penduduk bantaran sungai tidak dilakukan. Tidak sinkronnya Pusat dengan DKI menjadi permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan, pembinaan, dan pengawasan naturalisasi. Kurangnya transparansi, dan akuntabilitas DKI dalam melaksanakan naturalisasi menyebabkan naturalisasi sungai tidak berjalan secara efektif. Dengan permasalahan yang ada, Penulis menyarankan adanya relokasi penduduk bantaran sungai Jakarta, adanya koordinasi DKI dengan Pusat dalam pelaksanaan, pembinaan, dan pengawasan naturalisasi sungai, serta keterbukaan, dan pertanggungjawaban dari program naturalisasi sungai kepada masyarakat DKI.

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River naturalization as a policy for handling floods in Jakarta was issued in 2019, and promised to be the solution to the Jakarta flood problem. Instead of being a solution to the Jakarta flood problem, the 2020 great flood caused fatalities, and refugees increased sharply. Research on the naturalization of the river was conducted using the normative juridical method to test the norms of the law of naturalization, namely DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No.31 of 2019. This research was conducted a literature study method, and explained with a descriptive qualitative method. The concept of naturalization in the DKI Governor Regulation No. 31/2019 cannot be realized in Jakarta because the relocation of residents along the river banks is not carried out. The asynchronization between the Center Government and DKI is a problem in the implementation, guidance and supervision of naturalization. The lack of transparency and accountability of DKI in implementing naturalization has led to the naturalization of rivers not working effectively. With the existing problems, the author suggests the relocation of residents of the Jakarta riverbanks, the coordination of DKI with the Center Government in the implementation, guidance and supervision of river naturalization, as well as transparency and accountability of river naturalization programs to the people of DKI."