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"The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a frequently used tool in scientific research for recognizing pattern. This study discusses signature recognition using HMM where the signature image is transmitted from the remote station to the headquarter office by wireless because the remote station was not provided by the original signature as a reference. Generally, the transmission of radio communication has been corrupted with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) over the Rayleigh fading channel. To reduce the number of bits in the bitstream, the signal prior to transmission was compressed by means of run-length encoding (RLE), also known as source coding. The signature image detected from the receiver was processed in the computer using the HMM. The successful rate of recognition was 0-36% without compression and 60-76%with compression."

"The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a frequently used tool in scientific research for recognizing pattern. This study discusses sign ature recognition using HMM where the signature image is transmitted from the remote station to the headquarter office by wireless because the remote station was not provided by the original signature as a reference. Generally, the transmission of radio communication has been corrupted with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) over the Rayleigh fading channel. To reduce the number of bits in the bitstream, the signal prior to transmission was compressed by means of run-length encoding (RLE), also known as source coding. The signature image detected from the receiver was processed in the computer using the HMM. The successful rate of recognition was 0-36% without compression and 60-76%with compression."

"Ultrawideband (UWB) is a wireless application technology that is operated at frequency of 3.1 GHz-10.6 GHz and has fractional bandwidth greater than0.2 UWB system is designed to be operated with low power and can be operated in 60 th indoor and outdoor channels...."

"Kinerja kode low-density parity-check (LOPC) pad a kanal A WGN dan kanal Rayleigh fading tanpa diversitas mudah kita jumpai, tetapi kinerjanya pad a kanalfading dengan diversity combining masih sulit kita temukan. Makalah ini menyajikan kinerja kode LOPC pada kanal Rayleigh fading dengan diversity combining pada sisi penerima. Skema kombinasi yang akan digunakan pada penerima adalah selection- combining (SC), equal-gain combining (EGC), dan maximal-ratio combining (MRC). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kinerja BER terbaik diberikan oleh skema kombinasi MRC, lalu diikuti oleh EGC dan Sc. Dengan penggunaan kode LOPC, mampu memberikan coding gain yang besar ketiga skema tersebut. Namun peringkat keunggulan kinerja dari skema MRC, EGC, dan SC tetap tidak berubah,"

"Daerah penelitian terletak di area sekitar Toba dengan koordinat 98.106° BT – 99.874° BT dan 1.091° LU – 3.36° LU. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode ambient noise tomography (ANT) dengan menggunakan data dari 13 seismometer milik BMKG. Data yang digunakan merupakan data ambient noise yang berasal dari getaran terus menerus yang disebabkan oleh gelombang laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi kecepatan grup gelombang Rayleigh. Gelombang Rayleigh diperoleh dalam penelitian ini karena hanya digunakan komponen vertikal dari seismometer. Tahapan korelasi silang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan Fungsi Green antar stasiun. Hasil dari Fungsi Green ini kemudian digunakan untuk mendapatkan kurva dispersi yang merupakan fungsi antara kecepatan grup dengan periode. Hasil dari kurva dispersi kemudian dilakukan tomografi sehingga dihasilkan peta kecepatan grup gelombang Rayleigh dengan periode 1 – 6 s. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah anomali kecepatan tinggi berada pada litologi granit yang letaknya berada di Pegunungan Barisan, anomali rendah pada wilayah Toba mencerminkan adanya fraksi lelehan batuan dan sedimen tebal, dan anomali rendah di sekitar Tarutung mencerminkan adanya sedimen.

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The research area located in the area around Toba with the coordinates 98,106 ° E - 99,874 ° E and 1,091 ° N - 3.36 ° N. This study used the ambient noise tomography (ANT) method using data from 13 BMKG's seismometers. The data used is ambient noise data that comes from continuous vibrations caused by ocean waves. This research aims to characterize the velocity of the Rayleigh wave group. Rayleigh waves are obtained in this study because only the vertical component of the seismometer is used. The cross-correlation step is carried out to obtain Green's Function between stations. Green's Function is then used to obtain a dispersion curve which is a function of the group velocity and period. The dispersion curve results were then performed tomography to produce Rayleigh group velocity maps with a period of 1 - 6 s. This study's results are high-velocity anomalies in granite lithology located in the Barisan Mountains, low anomalies in the Toba region reflecting the presence of molten rock fraction and thick sediment, and low anomalies around Tarutung reflecting sediments."

"Pulau Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) memiliki tatanan geologi yang kompleks dan aktif bergerak sehingga sering terjadi gempabumi. Untuk menguraikan kompleksitas tersebut digunakan metode Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT). Metode ANT digunakan untuk memperoleh tomografi kecepatan gelombang bawah permukaan pada wilayah penelitian dengan memanfaatkan data ambient noise atau noise dari lingkungan. Secara umum, tahap pertama dimulai dari persiapan data tunggal dan korelasi silang untuk memperkiraan fungsi Green antara pasangan stasiun. Estimasi waktu tempuh grup gelombang Rayleigh diperoleh dari waktu tunda hasil korelasi silang. Teknik analisis frekuensi-waktu (Frequency-Time Analysis) digunakan untuk mendapatkan kurva dispersi untuk mengukur kecepatan grup antar stasiun. Peta yang diperoleh dari hasil inversi menunjukkan variasi kecepatan gelombang Rayleigh pada kerak atas di wilayah penelitian berkisar antara 1,8 – 2,6 km/s. Model kecepatan grup gelombang Rayleigh secara umum berkorelasi dengan kondisi geologi wilayah penelitian, dilihat dari hasil tomogram yang diwakili oleh batas antara zona kecepatan rendah dan zona kecepatan tinggi.

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Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) have a complex geological structure and are actively moving so that earthquakes often occur. To describe this complexity, the Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) method was used. The ANT method is used to obtain a tomography of the subsurface wave velocity in the research area by utilizing ambient noise data or noise from the environment. In general, the first stage starts from the preparation of single data and cross-correlation to estimate the green’s function between pairs of stations. The estimated travel time of the Rayleigh wave group is obtained from the cross-correlation delay time. Frequency-Time Analysis technique is used to obtain a dispersion curve to measure group velocity between stations. The obtained map from the inversion results shows that, velocity variations of Rayleigh waves in the upper crust in the study area ranging from 1.8 to 2.6 km/s. The Rayleigh wave group velocity model is generally correlated with the geological conditions of the study area, seen from the tomogram results represented by the boundary between the low-velocity zone and the high-velocity zone."

"Dalam pengenalan objek pada sistem pengawasan lalu lintas dibutuhkan sebuah metode yang mampu membedakan antara objek dan non objek. Salah satu metode umum yang biasa digunakan adalah background subtraction. Background subtraction menjadi bagian awal yang penting dari sebuah aplikasi dalam metode computer vision. Hasil dari background subtraction biasanya digunakan dalam proses pada level yang lebih tinggi. Kami mengajukan sebuah metode Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) dengan algoritma Hole Filling(HF). Ide utama dari pendekatan yang diajukan karena hasil dari GMM menghasilkan noisy image yang berasal dari kesalahan klasifikasi. Hal ini terjadi karena berbagai situasi (waving trees, rippling water dan illumination change). Metode HF yang sederhana mampu meningkatkan akurasi hingga 97,9% dan Kappa statistic hingga 0,74 dengan mengurangi kesalahan klasifikasi dari GMM. Hasil eksperimen and evaluasi pada pixel level menunjukkan bahwa GMMHF mampu unggul dari metode yang lain. Dengan peningkatan kinerja deteksi kendaraan menggunakan GMMHF, estimasi kecepatan kendaraan mendapatkan perbaikan. GMMHF yang dipadukan dengan Pin Hole model menghasilkan estimasi kecepatan terbaik dibandingkan skenario lainnya, dimana simpangan ratarata sebesar 7,4 Km/jam.

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.There is a necessity in traffic control system using camera to have the capability to discriminate between an object and non-object in the image. One of the procedure to discriminate between those two is usually performed by background subtraction. Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is popular method that has been employed to tackle the problem of background subtraction. However, the output of GMM is a rather noisy image which comes from false classification. This situation may arise because several conditions in the video input such as, waving trees, rippling water, and illumination changes. In this paper, a version of GMM technique which is combined with Hole Filling Algorithm (HF) classifier is proposed to alleviate those has problems. The experimental result shows that the proposed method improved the accuracy up to 97.9% and Kappa statistic up to 0.74. This result has outperformed many similar methods that is used for evaluation. With improvement of vehicles detection performance using GMMHF, vehicle?s speed estimation also improved. GMMHF that combined with Pin Hole Model produce the best speed estimation compared with other scenarios, where standard deviation is 7,4 Km/hr."

"ABSTRAKAnalisa unjuk kerja modulasi lcode trellis S phase-shw' keying (TC-SPSK)telah dilalcukan dengan teknik diversitas wang maxima/ ratio combining (MRC) dan telcnik diversitas Selection combining (SC) tanpa adanya interferensi. Pada skripsi ini akan dianlisa unjuk kerja 4 state TC-SPSK dan 8 state TC-SPSK dengan teknik cliversitas ruang hybrid selection maxima! roiio combining (HSIMRC) pada kanal dengan fading flat Rayleigh.