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"Latar Belakang: Remineralisasi pada dentin affected dapat terjadi secara guided tissue remineralization (GTR). Remineralisasi ini terjadi pada matriks intrafibrilar kolagen dentin karena peran protein non kolagen yaitu Dentin Matriks Protein 1 (DMP1) yang dapat rusak saat proses demineralisasi. Dibutuhkan material analog pengganti DMP1 untuk proses remineralisasi, salah satunya adalah asam poliaspartik dalam proses Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP). Tujuan: Menganalisis remineralisasi yang terjadi pada demineralized dentin setelah diinduksi oleh asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP. Metode: Sampel berupa dentin blok direndam pada larutan demineralisasi lalu dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok demineralized dentin tanpa perendaman larutan asam poliaspartik dan kelompok dengan perendaman larutan asam poliaspastik selama 3, 7, dan 14 hari. Sampel di evaluasi dengan uji SEM dan EDX. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok demineralized dentin dengan kelompok remineralisasi asam poliaspartik pada hari ke 3, 7, dan 14. Remineralisasi yang terjadi berupa deposit ion kalsium dan fosfat. Kesimpulan: Asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP memiliki potensi untuk meremineralisasi demineralized dentin.

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Background: Remineralization on affected dentin can be occurred by guided tissue remineralization (GTR) method. The remineralization process took place in intrafibilar matrix dentin collagen which regulated by a non collagenous protein, Dentin Matrix Protein (DMP 1) which can be destroyed during demineralization process. Remineralization process requires non collagenous protein analog material, one in particular is poliaspartic acid in Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) process. Objective: To analyze remineralization process that occured on demineralized dentin after application polyaspartic acid in PILP process. Method: Dentin block sample was soaked in demineralized solution. The sample then divided into four groups which are demineralized dentin without application of poliasparticacid solution, and demineralized dentin soaked in polyaspartic acid solution in the period of 3 ,7 and 14 days. The samples were evaluated by using SEM and EDX. Result: A statistically significant result between demineralized dentin group and remineralization with poliaspartic acid group within 3, 7, 14 days. Remineralization occurred by calcium and phosphate ions deposition. Conclusion: Polyaspartic acid in PILP process has the capability of remineralizing demineralized dentin."

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Latar Belakang: Perawatan karies dengan minimal intervensi, yaitu dengan membuang infected dentin, dan meninggalkan affected dentin, kemudian dilakukan remineralisasi pada affected dentin. Pada affected dentin masih terdapat ikatan silang kolagen. Remineralisasi dentin lebih kompleks karena pada karies dentin sudah tidak ada sisa kristal mineral. Untuk terjadinya remineralisasi ekstrafibrilar dan intrafibrilar pada dentin, maka dibutuhkan dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1)  yang merupakan protein non-kolagen. Proses polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) merupakan metode Guided Tissue Remineralization yang bertujuan untuk remineralisasi dentin secara intrafibrilar dan ekstrafibrilar dengan penambahan polimer sebagai analog DMP1. Salah satu material analog protein non kolagen adalah asam poliaspartik.

Tujuan: Mengevaluasi remineralisasi dentin pada permukaan demineralized dentin setelah perendaman dengan larutan remineralisasi yang mengandung asam poliaspartik sebagai analog protein non kolagen.

Metode: Empat kelompok dilakukan demineralisasi buatan. Setelah itu, tiga kelompok dilakukan perendaman dengan larutan remineralisasi yang mengandung asam poliaspartik, sedaangkan satu kelompok tidak dilakukan perendaman larutan remineralisasi asam poliaspartik. Evaluasi remineralisasi dengan Micro-CT.

Hasil: Terlihat remineralisasi pada permukaan demineralized dentin yang ditandai dengan penurunan kedalaman lesi demineralized dentin yang ditandai dengan peningkatan grey scale index setelah dilakukan perendaman dengan larutan remineralisasi asam poliaspartik. Perbandingan rerata empat kelompok menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna.

Kesimpulan: Asam poliaspartik memiliki potensi untuk meremineralisasi demineralized dentin.

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Background: Caries treatment with minimal intervention, namely by removing infected dentine, and leaving affected dentine, then remineralization of affected dentine. In the affected dentine there are still have collagen cross bonds. Dentin remineralization is more complex because there is no residual mineral crystals in dentinal caries. For extrafibrillary and intrafibrillary remineralization in dentine, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1) is a non-collagen protein. The polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) process is a Guided Tissue Remineralization method which aims to remineralize intrafibrilar and extafibrilar dentine by adding polymers as analogous to DMP1. One of the non collagen protein analog material is polyacpartic acid.

Objective: To evaluate remineralization of dentine on the demineralized dentin surface after immersion with remineralization solutions containing polyacpartic acid as a non-collagen protein analog.

Method: Four groups carried out artificial demineralization. After that, three groups were immersed with remineralization solution containing polypartic acid, while one group was not immersed in polyacpartic acid remineralization solution. Remineralization evaluation with Micro-CT.

Results: It appears remineralization on the demineralized dentin surface which is characterized by a decrease in the depth of demineralized dentin lesions which is characterized by an increase in gray scale index after immersion with polyacpartic acid remineralization solution. The comparison of the mean of the four groups showed significant differences.

Conclusion: Polyacpartic acid has the potential to remineralize for demineralized dentine.

 

 

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"Latar Belakang: Polymer Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) merupakan remineralisasi biomimetik dengan menggunakan bahan polimer anionik sintetik yang dapat menggantikan peran protein non kolagen dalam remineralisasi intrafibrillar. Asam poliaspartik merupakan salah satu material analog protein non kolagen yang penting dalam proses PILP. Nanodroplet yang terbentuk dalam proses PILP mampu berdifusi ke dalam intrafibrillar kolagen ataupun gap zone yang memiliki ukuran 40 nanometer dan mengalami kristalisasi. Tujuan: Menganalisis remineralisasi intrafibrillar dan ukuran kristal hidroksiapatit yang terbentuk. Metode: Evaluasi efek asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP pada remineralisasi intrafibrillar selama 3, 7 dan 14 hari melalui TEM dan ukuran kristal hidroksiapatit yang terbentuk melalui XRD. Hasil: Ada perbedaan signifikan secara evaluasi deskriptif antar kelompok remineralisasi 3, 7 dan 14 hari terhadap kelompok demineralized dentin pada remineraliasi intrafibrillar. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok remineralisasi maupun kelompok demineralized dentin terhadap ukuran kristal hidroksiapatit. Kesimpulan: Asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP memiliki potensi dalam remineralisasi intrafibrillar.

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Background: Polymer Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) is a biomimetic remineralization using synthetic anionic polymer material that can replace the role of non-collagen proteins in intrafibrillar remineralization. Polyaspartic acid is one of the non collagen protein analog materials that is important in the PILP process. Nanodroplet formed in the PILP process is able to diffuse into intrafibrillar collagen or gap zones that have a size of 40 nanometers and crystallize. Purpose: To analyze the intrafibrillar remineralization and the size of hydroxyapatite crystal formed.

Methods: Evaluation of the effect of polyaspartic acid in PILP process on intrafibrillar remineralization for 3, 7 and 14 days through TEM and the size of hydroxyapatite crystal formed through XRD.

Result: There was a significant difference in descriptive evaluation between remineralization groups of 3, 7 and 14 days against the demineralized dentin group in intrafibrillar remineralization. There were no significant differences between the remineralization group and the demineralized dentin group to the size of hydroxyapatite crystals.

Conclusion: Polyaspartic acid within PILP process has potential ability in intrafibrillar remineralization."

"Latar Belakang: Proses PILP adalah proses remineralisasi yang menggunakan makromolekul bermuatan, yakni polyaspartic acid, untuk menstabilkan ion calcium phosphate dalam larutan tersaturasi, dan mencegah nukleasi spontan serta presipitasi mineral. Penambahan ion fluoride pada proses ini akan membentuk kristal fluorapatite yang memiiki kekerasan lebih tinggi dari hidroksiapatit. Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu pengaruh penambahan fluoride dalam larutan remineralisasi melalui proses PILP terhadap kekerasan email. Metode: 25 sampel gigi dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok 1 (email normal) sebagai kontrol positif, kelompok 2 (email terdemineralisasi) sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok 3 email yang diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP, kelompok 4 email yang diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP dengan penambahan fluoride 5 ppm, kelompok 5 email yang diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP dengan penambahan fluoride 25 ppm. Seluruh sampel disimpan dalam inkubator pada suhu 370C selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji kekerasan mikro untuk melihat kekerasan email. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan one-way ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc Tamhane. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kekerasan mikro email setelah diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP tanpa dan dengan penambahan fluoride 5 ppm dan 25 ppm. Kesimpulan:Remineralisasi melalui proses PILP dengan penambhan fluoride 5 ppm memiliki kekerasan mikro yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa penambahan fluoride dan dengan penambahan fluoride 25 ppm.

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Background: PILP process is a remimineralization used charged macromolecule, polyaspartic acid, to stabilize calcium and phophate ion in order to prevent mineral spontaneus nucleation and precipitation. Fluoride was addedto form fluorapatite crystals which have a higer microhardness than hydroxyapatite. Objective: To determine the effect of adding fluoride in remineralization solution through the PILP process on enamel microhardness. Methods: 25 teeth were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (normal enamel) as a positive control, group 2 (demineralized enamel) as a negative control, group 3 demineralized enamel which remineralized through PILPprocess, group 4 demineralized enamel which remineralized through PILP process with 5 ppm fluoride, group 5 demineralized enamel which remineralized through PILP process with 25 ppm fluoride. All samples were stored in an incubator at 370C for 14 days. Vicker's microhardness test was performed to see enamel microhardness. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tamhane Post Hoc Test. Result: There is a difference between enamel microhardness after being remineralized through PILP process without and with 5 and 25 ppm fluoride.Conclusion: Remineralization via PILP process with addition of 5 ppm fluoride has a higher microhardness value than without and with 25 ppm fluoride."

"Pada tahap pengerasannya, material bioaktif akan mengalami mekanisme hidrasi dengan melepaskan beberapa ion yang dikandungnya. Reaksi pada permukaan material ini dapat melepaskan dan merubah konsentrasi dari ion-ion terlarut yang akan memicu terjadinya respon intraseluler dan ekstraseluler dan akan mengkonduksi terjadinya pembentukan jaringan keras. Ion kalsium (Ca2+) yang dilepas material bioaktif berperan dalam fungsinya sebagai peningkat pH, bakterisid, menekan aktivitas osteoklas, serta merangsang pembentukan fibroblas.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pelepasan ion Ca2+ dari material bioaktif MTA-Angelus® dan Biodentine®. Sebanyak 46 sampel dipersiapkan dengan ukuran Ø 2 mm dan tinggi 2 mm, terdiri dari 23 sampel kelompok MTA Angelus®, dan 23 sampel kelompok Biodentine® direndam dalam air deionisasi selama 1 jam dan 48 jam. Larutan perendam kemudian diukur kadar pelepasan ion Ca2+-nya menggunakan alat atom absorption sphectropometer, kemudian hasilnya diuji statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil uji statistik post hoc Mann Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna diantara semua kelompok dengan nilai signifikansi p≤0,05. Biodentine® terbukti melepaskan ion Ca2+ lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan MTA Angelus® pada waktu pengukuran 1 jam dan 48 jam.MTA Angelus® melepaskan ion Ca2+ lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan Biodentine®.

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On the setting stage, the bioactive materials will experience hydration mechanism by releasing a number of their ions. The reaction on the surface of these materials can release and alter dissolved ions concentration which will trigger an intracellular and extracellular responses. This process will also conduct remineralization. The released Ca2+ ions will increase alkalinizing activity, antibacterial, suppressing osteoclast activity as well as stimulating fibroblast formation. The aim of this study is to analyze Ca2+ ion release from MTA Angelus® dan Biodentine® as a bioactive material. As many as 46 samples are prepare with the size of 2 mm in diameters and 2 mm in height. The samples consist of 23 of MTA Angelus® samples, and 23 of Biodentine® samples. Both materials were soaked in deionized water for an hour which will then be measured. Both materials will then be transferred into fresh solution and will be soaked for 48 hours before they would be measured for the second time. The measurements will be conducted by using atom absorption sphectropometer. The result will later be statistically tested using a Kruskal Wallis test. Mann Whitney post hoc’s statistic test result showed a significant discrepancy among all groups, whit the significant value of p≤0,05. . Biodentine® was proven to release more Ca2+ ions compared to MTA Angelus® during the 1 and 48-hour measurments. MTA Angelus® released Ca2+ ion faster than Biodentine® does."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Carboximethyl Chitosan / Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CMC/ACP) sebagai material analog non-protein mempunyai kemampuan meremineralisasi dentin. Gypsum sebagai bahan pencampur yang dapat memudahkan aplikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh penambahan gypsum pada material analog non-protein CMC/ACP. Metode: 27 kavitas dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok 1 dentin demineralisasi tidak diaplikasi bahan, kelompok 2 dentin demineralisasi diaplikasi CMC/ACP, kelompok 3 dentin demineralisasi diaplikasi gypsum+CMC/ACP. Diperiksa pada hari ke-14 menggunakan SEM-EDX. Hasil: gypsum tidak memengaruhi kemampuan material analog non-protein CMC/ACP dalam remineralisasi dentin.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Carboximethyl Chitosan / Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CMC/ACP) is analog material non-protein that have dentine remineralization ability.  While Gypsum is mixing material that can facilitate the application. Objective of this study was to see the effect of gypsum addition on analog material non-protein CMC/ACP. Methods: 27 cavities were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 were dentine demineralization without any material applied. Group 2 were dentine demineralization with CMC/ACP material applied, and group 3 were dentine demineralization with gypsum + CMC/ACP material applied. Checked on day 14 using SEM-EDX. Result:  Gypsum was not affect material ability of analog non-protein CMC/ACP in dentine remineralization.

 

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ketebalan komposit resin serat pendek KRSP dan iradiansi terhadap kekerasan dan depth of cure DoC. Dua puluh empat spesimen KRSP berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok ketebalan; 4 dan 5 mm n=12. Masing-masing kelompok dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yang dipolimerisasi dengan iradiansi berbeda; 1000 dan 1200 mW/cm2 n=6. Setiap spesimen dipolimerisasi selama 20 detik dengan jarak penyinaran 2 mm. Nilai kekerasan didapat melalui uji kekerasan Vickers dan DoC didapat dengan mengukur rasio kekerasan permukaan bawah terhadap permukaan atas. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of short fibre reinforced resin composite SFRC thickness and light curing irradiance on the hardness and depth of cure DoC . Twenty four specimens of SFRC were made into cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6 mm and divided into 2 different thickness groups 4 and 5 mm n 12. Each group was divided into another 2 different groups which was cured by different irradiance 1000 and 1200 mW cm2 n 6 . Each specimen was cured for 20s with 2 mm light curing distance. The hardness was measured by Vickers hardness test and DoC was measured by calculating a hardness ratio of the bottom to the top surface of specimens. Data were analyzed statistically by One Way ANOVA tests. The result showed significant differences."

"Latar Belakang : Penambahan fluor ke dalam proses PILP memiliki potensi meningkatkan remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fluor dalam proses PILP terhadap remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin. Metode : 8 sampel blok dentin dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok: Kelompok 1 demineralized dentin sebagai kontrol, kelompok 2 demineralized dentin disimpan dalam larutan remineralisasi PILP yang ditambahkan fluor 5 ppm, kelompok 3 demineralized dentin disimpan dalam larutan remineralisasi PILP yang ditambahkan fluor 25 ppm, kelompok 4 demineralized dentin disimpan dalam larutan remineralisasi PILP tanpa fluor (0 ppm) Kemudian seluruh sampel disimpan dalam shaking incubator pada suhu 37°C selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan TEM/SAED untuk melihat remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin dan kristalinitas kristal yang dihasilkan. Hasil : Terjadi remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin pada kelompok perlakuan 2, 3, dan 4. Remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril terlihat paling padat pada kelompok 2. Terdapat perbedaan kristalinitas kristal di antara kelompok 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Kesimpulan: Penambahan fluor 5 ppm ke dalam proses PILP menghasilkan remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin. Remineralisasi yang dihasilkan berupa kristal apatit dengan tingkat kristalinitas yang padat.

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Background: Fluoride addition into PILP process has the potential to increase intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization. Objective: This research aim to evaluate the influence of fluoride addition into PILP process towards intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization. Methods: 8 dentin blocks were divided into 4 sample groups. Group 1 (demineralized dentin) as control group, group 2 is demineralized dentin that were soaked in PILP process with 5 ppm fluoride addition, group 3 is demineralized dentin that were soaked in PILP process with 25 ppm fluoride addition, and group 4 is demineralized dentin that were soaked in PILP process with no fluor (0 ppm) addition. All of the samples were incubated in shaking incubator at 37o C for 14 days. Result: Intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization occurred in group 2, 3, and 4. The most dense intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization was seen in group 2. There are differences of crystal's crystallinity between group 1, 2, 3, and 4. Conclusion: 5 ppm fluoride addition into PILP process produced intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization. The remineralization were consisted by high-density apatite crystals."

"Latar Belakang: Affected dentin merupakan lapisan yang ditinggalkan pada perawatan karies secara minimal invasif karena dapat diremineralisasi. Lapisan ini masih terdapat ikatan silang kolagen yang intak meskipun, mineral apatit telah hilang. Remineralisasi dentin diregulasi oleh protein non kolagen Dentin Matriks Protein 1 (DMP1). Remineralisasi yang dihasilkan berupa remineralisasi intrafibrilar dan ekstrafibrilar. Remineralisasi intrafibrilar meningkatkan sifat fisik dentin. Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) merupakan metode remineralisasi dentin secara intrafibrilar dan ekstrafibrilar menggunakan material analog protein non kolagen. Material ini memiliki fungsi menyerupai DMP1. Salah satu material analog protein non kolagen adalah Carboxymethyl Chitosan/ Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CMC/ACP). Tujuan:  Mengevaluasi remineralisasi dentin pada permukaan demineralized dentin setelah aplikasi material analog protein non kolagen CMC/ACP. Metode: Dua kelompok dilakukan demineralisasi buatan, salah satunya diaplikasikan material CMC/ACP sedangkan, kelompok lainnya tidak diaplikasikan CMC/ACP. Evaluasi remineralisasi dengan SEM dan EDX. Hasil: Terlihat remineralisasi pada permukaan demineralized dentin dan peningkatan kadar kalsium dan fosfat setelah aplikasi CMC/ACP pada hari ke-7. Perbandingan rerata dua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan: CMC/ACP memiliki potensi untuk meremineralisasi demineralized dentin.

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Background: Affected dentin is a layer has been left during non invasive caries treatment as it can be remineralized. Collagen crosslinking remains intact in this layer, however the apatite minerals have been lost. Dentin remineralization is regulated by a non collagenous protein, Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1) and resulting intra- and extrafibrillar remineralization. Intrafibrillar remineralization improves physical properties of dentin. Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) is a method of collagen dentin remineralization using non collagen protein analog, resulting in intra- and extrafibrillar remineralization.  This material has similar function with DMP1. Carboxymethyl Chitosan/ Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CMC/ACP) is one of non collagen protein analog.Aim: To evaluate demineralized dentin remineralization after application non collagen protein analog CMC/ACP. Method: Two groups performed artificial demineralization, one of which applied CMC / ACP material whereas, the other group was not applied CMC / ACP. Remineralization was evalutated using SEM and EDX. Result: After 7 days CMC/ACP application, remineralization was observed on the surface of demineralized dentin, which showed a white irregularities surrounding the dentin tubuli. In addition, increasing calcium and phosphate level has been showed experimentally although, the comparison of both group is insignificant. Conclusion: CMC/ACP has a potential for demineralized dentin remineralization."

""Drawing from both theory and practice and supported by extensive clinical and laboratory research, Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th edition presents a clearly detailed, heavily illustrated step-by-step approach to conservative restorative and preventive dentistry. It's a complete guide to all aspects of operative dentistry, including fundamentals, diagnosis, instrumentation, preparation, restoration, and prevention."--Publisher."