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"This study examines the empirical relationship between capital expenditures and economic growth. It examines whether capital expenditures and accountability complement each other to encourage Indonesia's economic growth throughout 1990-2020. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test, this study finds a cointegrated relationship between capital expenditure and economic growth in Indonesia during this period. In particular, capital expenditures have a negative impact on long-term growth. However, it is interesting that government capital expenditure with accountability shows a positive and significant effect on long-term growth. This demonstrates the importance of government accountability in managing government capital expenditures. This study implies that the government needs to increase accountability for the capital expenditures that have been realized to provide optimal benefits for Indonesia's economy in the long term."

"Indonesia has been experiencing a rapid economic growth amid global crises in the United. States and the European Union countries. In addition, government expenditures in Indonesiahave also shown an increasing trend in recent years. Using panel data from 33 provinces inIndonesia from 2007 to 2012, this paper describes the current condition of GDP growth andgovernment expenditures, examines the relationship between government expenditure andeconomic growth, and formulates government expenditure policy in order to harmonize GDPgrowth, poverty alleviation, and income inequality. The result indicates that governmentexpenditure for development, such as building roads, hospital, bridges, electricity, and watersupply, has a significant and positive effect on the regional economic growth rate. Not onlycan government expenditures affect economic growth but it also can reduce poverty bystrengthening human capital through better education and health facilities."

"Pada fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas, faktor A(t) tidak hanya mencerminkan teknologi namun juga perbedaan kontribusi sumber daya dan institusi lintas wilayah dan waktu (Lin dan Liu, 2000). Penelitian ini mengasumsikan bahwa A(t) dicerminkan oleh belanja daerah sebagai parameter desentralisasi dan belanja pemerintah pusat di daerah. Sehingga penelitian ini tidak hanya menguji pengaruh belanja daerah namun juga pengaruh belanja pemerintah pusat di daerah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara belanja pemerintah pusat di daerah dan belanja daerah. Dengan menggunakan data panel kabupaten/kota di Indonesia untuk periode 2010-2019 dan metode fixed effect model (FEM), hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belanja desentralisasi yang diukur dengan belanja daerah serta belanja pemerintah pusat di daerah secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Indonesia. Selanjutnya, belanja pemerintah pusat di daerah juga memiliki korelasi positif dengan belanja daerah kabupaten/kota di Indonesia.

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In Cobb-Douglas production function, the term A(t) reflects not only technology but also difference in resource endowments and institutions across regions and over time (Lin & Liu, 2000). This study assumes that A(t) is reflected by local expenditure as decentralization measure and central expenditure spent in local. This study examines not only the effect of local expenditure but also the effect of central expenditure spent in local to economic growth. Using panel data of regencies/cities in Indonesia for 2010-2019 period and fixed effect model (FEM) methodology, the result shows that decentralization expenditure as measured by local expenditure, together with central expenditure spent in local has positive effect on local economic growth in Indonesia. Furthermore, central expenditure spent in local also has positive correlation with local expenditure of regencies/cities in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal manusia terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Modal manusia diduga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi secara langsung dalam proses produksi, serta secara tidak langsung melalui Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data panel provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia dalam rentang 2004-2012. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa modal manusia, yang diwakili oleh tenaga kerja berpendidikan minimal SMA, berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Sementara modal manusia, yang diwakili oleh penduduk berpendidikan minimal SMA, berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan TFP regional di Indonesia dalam periode 2006-2012, baik secara langsung melalui inovasi domestik dan secara tidak langsung melalui efek spillover. Hasil lain dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modal fisik berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Selain itu perbedaan pertumbuhan rasio modal fisik per tenaga kerja regional berpengaruh positif terhadap perbedaan pertumbuhan output per tenaga kerja regional.

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This research aims to analyze the influence of human capital on regional economic growth in Indonesia. Human capital expected takes effect on economics on production process and indirectly through Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth. This research was using panel data analysis method of provinces in Indonesia in period 2004-2012. Empirical result shows that human capital, represented by labor with minimum high school educated, has positive effect on regional economic growth in Indonesian. Meanwhile, the effect of human capital that represented by population with minimum high school educated has positive effect on regional TFP growth in Indonesia period 2006-2012, directly through domestic innovation and indirectly through spillover effect. This research also shows that physical capital has positive effect on regional economic growth in Indonesia. Furthermore, the difference of physical capital ratio growth per regional labor has positive effect on the difference of regional economic growth per regional labor."

"This paper investigates the role of financial technology (FinTech) in propelling economic growth in Indonesia from 1998 to 2018. The FinTech industry employs a technology-based business model to provide financial services, including lending, payment, investment, and financing services. The study is motivated by endogenous growth theory, which seeks to explain technology as the most important driver of economic growth. The study finds that FinTech startups are positively correlated with Indonesia’s economic growth. FinTech firms in their first year are found to be disruptive, but they fail to have serious consequences on Indonesia’s economic growth; however, they seem to significantly encourage economic growth in their second year. These findings are derived after accounting for other important growth determinants, namely, capital per labor, foreign direct investment (FDI), stock market development, and trade openness."

"Empirical studies on the impact of decentralization on economic growth have resulted in mixed findings....."

"Peran kota adalah sebagai pusat aktivitas ekonomi suatu negara. Di Indonesia, aktivitas ekonomi terkonsentrasi di area perkotaan, terutama di kota-kota pesisir yang memiliki pelabuhan. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran pelabuhan terhadap pertumbuhan kota di Indonesia dan perbedaan pertumbuhan antara kota pelabuhan dan kota yang tidak memiliki pelabuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelabuhan berperan penting terhadap pertumbuhan kota, sesuai dengan pola pertumbuhan kota pelabuhan di Asia. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan kota pelabuhan dan kota yang tidak memiliki pelabuhan dilihat dari proporsi jumlah tenaga kerja manufaktur, kepadatan penduduk, dan rata-rata tingkat pendidikannya.

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City acts as a core of economic activity in a country. In Indonesia, economic activity is concentrated in urban areas, especially in coastal cities which have ports. This study examines the role of port on cities? economic growth in Indonesia and the differences on growth among port cities and non-port cities. The result shows that ports play important role on cities? economic growth, similar with the pattern of port cities growth in Asia. Moreover, there are differences on growth among port cities and non-port cities in proportion of manufacture employment, population density, and average education level."

"[Pengaruh positif infrstruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi telah menjadi konsensus di antara para ekonom. Akan tetapi beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Walaupun investasi publik untuk infrastruktur relatif kecil tetapi Indonesia berhasil menjaga pertumbuhan ekonominya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data level provinsi di Indionesia, studi ini berusaha mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur secara agregat dan individual terhadap perkeonomian daerah. Perhitungan regresi menggunakan efek tetap menunjukkan bahwa secara agregat infrastruktur berkontibusi secara positif kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi, studi ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa secara individual setiap tipe infrastruktur berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah kecuali untuk tipe infrastruktur air bersih. Dengan demikian, pembangunan infrastruktur akan lebih baik jika dilakukan secara komprehensif dan integral.;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensus among the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain its economic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure to economic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, this study estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individual infrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, we find that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individual effect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access. Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented, The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented]"

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari chanel yang menghubungkan antara FDI dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dari sektor manufaktur, sektor nonmigas dan semua sektor ekonomi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan Kausalitas Granger. Tes ini akan dilaksanakan dalam kerangka kointegrasi dan vektor model koreksi kesalahan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada kausalitas satu arah dari FDI terhadap PDB, namun, ekspor dan investasi domestik tidak dapat diperlakukan sebagai chanel di mana FDI bisa menguntungkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Hasil penting lain menegaskan bahwa ada kausalitas dari PDB untuk FDI di Indonesia, di mana ekspor dan domestik dapat diperlakukan sebagai chanel yang menghubungkan antara PDB ke FDI. Hasil ini memiliki implikasi kebijakan yang penting bagi pemerintah Indonesia, seperti pemerintah harus fokus pada ekonomi domestik ketimbang promosi ekspor, mengelola stabilitas makroekonomi dan memberikan perhatian pada ekspor dan investasi dalam negeri untuk menarik FDI.

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This study investigates various channels through which FDI could benefit economic growth in Indonesia from manufacture sector, non-oil sector and all economic sectors in Indonesia by using Granger Causality approach. This test will be implemented within a cointegration framework and vector error correction model. The findings show that there is a unidirectional causality from FDI to GDP, however, export and domestic investment cannot be treated as the channel through which FDI could benefit economic growth in Indonesia. Another important result confirms that there is causality from GDP to FDI in Indonesia, thus export and domestic investment can be treated as the passage. These findings have important policy implications such as the Indonesia government should focus in domestic economy rather than exports promotion; manage the macroeconomic stability and give attention in exports and domestic investment to attract FDI."

"Sebagai negara berkembang yang minim modal, Indonesia sangat membutuhkan aliran modal asing untuk menjaga momentum pertumbuhan. Akan tetapi, aliran dana asing tidak hanya membawa manfaat, namun juga membawa guncangan negatif seperti krisis. Untuk menjaga dan menstabilkan pengaruh negatif tersebut, pemerintah menggunakan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan Capital Flow Management Measures (CFMs). Penelitian ini mencoba melihat apakah CFMs berhasil memengaruhi aliran modal asing atau malah memperlambat pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian time series dengan menggunakan data dari tahun 1995 – 2017. Dengan menggunakan strategi Vectorautoregression (VAR) dan Impulse Response Function (IRF), ditemukan bahwa CFMs outflow berhasil memengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi, walau hanya dalam jangka pendek. Selanjutnya, CFMs outflow juga berhasil memengaruhi komponen utang obligasi dalam jangka pendek - panjang. Dengan pertumbuhan utang obligasi yang cukup tinggi, CFMs outflow berhasil menjadi buffer dalam menjaga stabilitas ekonomi.

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As a developing country that lacks capital, Indonesia urgently needs a flow of foreign capital to maintain growth momentum. However, the flow of foreign funds not only brings benefits, but also brings negative shocks such as crisis. To maintain and stabilize these negative influences, the government uses various methods, one of which is with Capital Flow Management Measures (CFMs). This research tries to see whether CFMs have succeeded in influencing the flow of foreign capital or slowing economic growth. This research is a time series study using data from 1995 - 2017. By using the Vectorautoregression (VAR) and Impulse Response Function (IRF) strategy, it was found that CFMs outflow succeeded in influencing economic growth, even if only in the short term. Furthermore, outflow CFMs have also succeeded in affecting the bond debt component in the short - long term. With a relatively high bond debt growth, CFMs outflow managed to become a buffer in maintaining economic stability."