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"Tesis ini membahas tentang bagaimana karakteristik berita-berita di media massa terutama media online dalam memberitakan kasus pemerkosaan. Bahasa yang digunakan media cenderung mengutamakan nilai berita. Sehingga penggunaan bahasa dalam menampilkan berita pemerkosaan mengandung kekerasan simbolik. Habitus media massa ini terus dilakukan tanpa disadari oleh korban pemerkosaan, pembaca berita itu, mau pun media sebagai pelaku. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian dengan menggunakan teori Pierre Bourdieu yakni kekerasan simbolik dan habitus. Selain itu menggunakan Viktimologi sebagai kajian kriminologisnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis wacana kritis.

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This thesis discusses how the characteristics of the news media, especially online media in reporting cases of rape. The language used tends to give priority to the value of the news media. So the use of language in presenting news symbolic violent rape. Habitus media is being conducted by the unwitting victims of rape, the news reader, and even the media as the perpetrators. The theory used in the study using the theory of Pierre Bourdieu's habitus and symbolic violence. The method used is critical discourse analysis"

"Karya akhir ini disusun untuk menganalisis reproduksi kekerasan simbolik terhadap perempuan dalam pemberitaan kasus penyebaran video intim seksual non-konsensual GA dan MYD dibentuk melalui proses framing oleh Tribunnews.com. Penulisan ini menggunakan teknik analisis wacana kritis Sara Mills dengan data penulisan bersumber dari 10 berita yang terdapat dalam kanal Tribunnews.com. Dengan menggunakan konsep kekerasan simbolik dan teori feminisme radikal, penulisan membuktikan bahwa media Tribunnews digunakan sebagai medium untuk melakukan kekerasan simbolik terhadap perempuan (GA) karena adanya upaya untuk mendominasi wacana dalam berita dengan menggunakan simbol-simbol tertentu berupa bahasa dan visual melalui proses framing yang dikonstruksikan berdasarkan ideologi patriarki, yang pada akibatnya memunculkan berita yang bias gender, seksis, dan misoginis. Hal tersebut menimbulkan dan sekaligus melegitimasi misrecognition atau pemahaman yang salah akan citra perempuan dalam proses pembentukan kekerasan simbolik, dan pada akhirnya menghasilkan kekaburan realitas kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan yang sesungguhnya.

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This thesis discusses the analysis of the reproduction of symbolic violence against women in reporting cases of the spread of GA and MYD non-consensual sexual intimate videos formed through the framing process by Tribunnews.com. This thesis uses Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis technique and data were collected from 10 news stories in Tribunnews.com online site. By using the concept of symbolic violence and the theory of radical feminism, the research proves that Tribunnews media is used as a medium for carrying out symbolic violence against women (GA) because of an attempt to dominate the discourse in the news by using certain symbols in the form of language and visuals through a constructed framing process based on patriarchal ideology, which in turn produces news that are gender biased, sexist, and misogynistic. This creates and at the same time legitimizes misrecognition or a false understanding of the image of women in the process of forming symbolic violence, and ultimately results in the blurring of the reality of sexual violence against women that occurs."

"[ABSTRAKSetelah pemerintahan Orde Baru tumbang pemberitaan mengenai otonomi daerah mekarbermunculan, media massa yang pada zaman Orde Baru jarang memberitakan mengenai isuotonomi daerah berubah haluan menjadi gadrung memberitakan isu otonomi daerah, berbagaiberita bermunculan ada yang positif dan ada yang negatif, bermacam pertarungan wacanamewarnai isu otonomi daerah di media massa.Penelitian ini bermula dari rasa ingin tahu yang mendalam mengenai berbagai beritatentang isu otonomi daerah yang muncul di media massa dan bagaimana media massamelakukan konstruksi realitas terhadap isu otonomi daerah , selama ini penelitian mengenai isuotonomi daerah banyak dilakukan oleh para ilmuwan yang berlatar belakang ilmu politik, ilmupemerintahan, ilmu administrasi negara, dan ilmu hukum, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh parailmuwan di atas lebih banyak bicara mengenai penerapan kebijakan otonomi daerah. Penelitianmengenai isu otonomi daerah menggunakan perspektif ilmu komunikasi masih jarang bahkanbisa dibilang langka, padahal peran media massa menurut Severin-Tankard (2007:15), adalahmembentuk opini publik. Para penganut mazhab konstruksionisme seperti Tuchman (1978),Fisman (1980), dan Shoemaker (1996), melihat bahwa berita yang disiarkan oleh media massadapat membuat masyarakat mempunyai suatu sudut pandang dan mengkonstruksikan suaturealitas suatu isu dalam masyarakat tak terkecuali isu otonomi daerah.Penelitian dalam disertasi ini menggunakan perspektif interpretif. Perspektif ini dipilihkarena menurut Neuman (2006) teori konstruksi sosial merupakan ranah dalam perspektifinterpretif, untuk membedah teks dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisa teks framing,model yang digunakan adalah framing Robert N Entman. Framing model Entman dipilih karenadalam konsep Entman framing dapat dipakai untuk menggambarkan proses seleksi suatu isu,serta menonjolkan beberapa aspek tertentu dari suatu realitas oleh media. Empat elemenframing model Entman adalah pertama Define Problem merupakan bingkai utama atau masterframe, kedua Diagnose Causes dalam elemen kedua ini yang menjadi titik berat adalah siapaaktor utama dalam suatu kejadian atau peristiwa, ketiga Make Moral Judgement adalah elemenyang digunakan untuk melakukan pembenaran dengan memberikan berbagai argumentasi padapedefinisian masalah yang sudah dibuat, empat Treatment Recommendation adalah elemen yang digunakan untuk melihat apa yang sebenarnya dikehendaki oleh wartawan, bagaimana cara yangakan dipilih untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah.Dalam disertasi ini ada 3 media yang diteliti yaitu harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional,harian Kedaulatan Rakyat. Dipilihlah tiga surat kabar dengan orientasi yang berbeda, yaitupertama surat kabar Kompas sebagai surat kabar harian terkemuka nasional dengan tiras yangbesar, kedua surat kabar Jurnal Nasional sebagai surat kabar yang mempunyai kedekatan sejarahdengan Partai Demokrat, ketiga surat kabar Kedaulatan Rakyat sebagai surat kabar daerah yangmasih survive dan masih leading sampai saat ini.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan dalam level mikro yaitu ada perbedaan framepemberitaan harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mengenaiIsu Otonomi Daerah. Pada analisis pada level meso media terlihat faktor kepemilikan dan modalmasih cukup kuat dalam mempengaruhi frame media yang diteliti.Analisis level makro dapat dibagi menjadi dua. Pada harian Jurnal Nasional analisa yanglebih tepat adalah menggunakan pendekatan analisis instrumentalis atau strukturalis daripadastrukturasi karena pada harian Jurnal Nasional struktur organisasi media terlihat mengikat erathuman agent. Tidak terlalu cukup ruang bagi agen melakukan interplay terhadap struktur. Lainhalnya dengan harian Kompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat, yang dapat dibedah dengananalisis strukturasi.Dalam proses strukturasi dari tiga media yang diteliti, terlihat dua media yaitu harianKompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mampu merubah struktur dari sentralistik kedesentralistik untuk isu Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Langsung dan Keistimewaan Yogyakarta,meskipun harus diakui bahwa media bukan satu-satunya faktor yang diterminan dalamperubahan struktur tersebut. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa isi dari teks media dalam duaisu tersebut memberikan kontribusi kepada eskalasi tekanan atau adanya akumulasi-akumulasitekanan terhadap penguasa;

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ABSTRACTAfter the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority;After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority, After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority]"

"Selama kampanye Pemilu 1999 umumnya media massa Indonesia mengkonstruksikan partai politik ibarat grup musik; dan menjadikan para tokohnya sebagai selebritis. Pada masa itu, koran-koran nasional menggambarkan partai politik sebagai alat pengumpul massa. Sementara fungsi parpol sebagai perantara (broker) dalam suatu bursa ide-ide (clearing house of ideas) dalam kehidupan berdemokrasi tidak terlihat dalam pengkonstruksian tersebut. Menariknya, hal itu terjadi dalam kondisi dimana setiap media memiliki motivasi yang berbeda-beda, entah itu ideologis, idealis, politis, ataupun ekonomis, dalam membuat berita politik.

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During the 1999-campaign period generally the mass media in Indonesia constructed political parties like a music group; and present the politicians acts as celebrities. At that time, national newspapers describe political parties as the instrument to harvested masses. Meanwhile the political party functions, as broker within the clearinghouse of ideas in the democratic lives didn?t appear within the political party?s discourse. In spite of the media have different interests one each other in news making the political parties, such as ideological, idealism, political, and economic or market factors."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan "Pembentukan Persepsi Mengenai Realitas Sosial oleh Media Massa" Asumsi dasar dari pendekatan ini ialah bahwa media massa memiliki peranan yang sangat besar dalam mempengaruhi khalayaknya. Namun demikian pembentukan persepsi itu tidak semata mata disebabkan oleh terpaan media massa Pengalaman seseorang dengan suatu realitas sosial, serta aktivitas komunikasi interpersonal tentang realitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, bisa membentuk persepsi pada realitas tersebut. Bertitik tolak dari kondisi di atas, dalam penelitian ini ketiga variabel di atas akan dianalisis dalam kaitan dengan pembentukan persepsi pada realitas sosial. Variabel penggunaan media dikembangkan denngan memasukkan beberapa indikator seperti eksposur berita kriminalitas surat kabar non Pos Kota, eksposur berita kriminalitas Pos Kota, eksposur berita kriminalitas televisi dan majalah. Adapun 'realitas sosial" yang menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian ini ialah "realitas kriminalitas" dengan indikatornya yaitu pencurian, pencopetan, perampokan/pornografi, dan pembunuhan. Pembentukan persepsi diukur dengan menggunakan dua indikator yaitu rawan dan tidak rawan. Sedangkan lokasi penelitian dipilih dua kelurahan di wilayah Jakarta Pusat yang memiliki tingkat kriminalitas tinggi dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan persepsi itu dipengaruhi oleh eksposur terhadap berita kriminalitas pada surat kabar yang memiliki isi spesifik tentang kriminalitas seperti Pos Kota dan daerah tempat tinggal khalayak. Hal mi terlihat pada khalayak yang membaca berita kriminal Pos Kota dan tinggal di wilayah yang tingkat kriminalitasnya rendah, pembentukan persepsi mereka berhubungan dengan membaca Pos Kota tersebut. Sedangkan bagi khalayak yang tinggal di wilayah tingkat kriminalitas tinggi, pembentukan persepsi mereka tidak berhubungan dengan media tersebut, meskipun khalayak ini iuga membaca berita kriminalitas dari surat kabar Pos Kota."

"ABSTRAKArtikel ini membahas mengenai framing yang dilakukan media online Kompas.com terhadap kasus kekerasan seksual pada murid Jakarta International School pada tahun 2014-2016. Penulis, dengan metode analisis framing yang menggunakan empat indikator yaitu sintaksis, skrip, tematik, dan retoris, membuktikan bahwa Kompas.com melakukan framing. Terdapat kecenderungan berita yang dilansir Kompas.com mengarahkan opini pembaca untuk menggolongkan tersangka kasus JIS dengan melakukan konstruksi media terhadap realitas. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap tujuh belas berita, penulis menilai bahwa secara tersirat Kompas.com konsisten lebih memberatkan kasus pada lima tersangka yang berstatus sebagai cleaning service dibandingkan dengan dua tersangka lain yang berprofesi sebagai guru.

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ABSTRACTThis article discusses about Kompas.com as an online media that perform framing to the case of sexual abuse against students of Jakarta International School. Using framing analysis method that consist of indicators such as, syntax, script, thematic, and rhetorical, the author attest Kompas.com rsquo s framing. There rsquo s a tendency that the news reported by Kompas.com leads reader to classify the suspects of the case by conducting media construction of reality. Based on analysis of seventeen news, the authors assess that consistently Kompas.com more damning the case on five suspect who work as cleaning service compared to the other two who are teachers.Keywords Framing, Media Construction, Online Media, Kompas.com"

"Tesis ini membahas kontruksi realitas sosial penutupan lokalisasi Dolly dan Jarak di Surabaya, melalui program talk show Primetime News di Metro TV, serta peran media massa sebagai ruang publik ideal pada realitas sosial berpotensi konflik tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma kritis, yang menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis milik Norman Fairclough. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media membentuk representasi, relasi, dan identitas pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam wacana. Selain itu, pekerja media, rutinitas media, organisasi media, dan extra media menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi kontruksi realitas sosial. Temuan lain adalah adanya pengaruh keberadaan waktu prime time dalam industri televisi, serta munculnya dehumanisasi dalam peliputan terkait prostitusi. Program ini menjadi upaya Metro TV dalam menciptakan ruang publik sebagai media untuk diskursif inklusif, untuk mencegah terjadinya konflik. Meski demikian, faktor ekonomi menjadi penghalang untuk membentuk ruang publik dengan kondisi yang ideal.

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This thesis discusses construction of social reality, the closing of localozation "Dolly and Jarak" in Surabaya, through a talk show program "Primetime News" on Metro TV, as well as the role of mass media as an ideal public sphere related to that social reality potential conflict. This study is a qualitative research with a critical paradigm, which uses Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis method.

The results showed that the media shape representations, relationships, and the identity of the parties involved in the discourse. In addition, media workers, media routines, media organizations, and extra-media are the factors that affect the construction of social reality.

Other findings, there is the influence of the existence of a prime time in the television industry, and the emergence of dehumanization in prostitution-related reporting. This program is a Metro TV efforts in creating a public space as a medium for discursive inclusive, to prevent conflict. However, economic factors become a barrier to form a public space with ideal conditions."