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"Latar Belakang: Pengisian dengan kon gutaperca berlapis resin (GBR) dan siler resin metakrilat menciptakansuatu sistem monoblok tersier. Tujuan: menganalisis perbandingan kerapatan antara pengisian GBR dan gutaperca konvensional (GK) dengan siler resin metakrilat di daerah sepertiga apeks.Metode:Tiga puluh dua gigi insisif bawah, dibagi dua kelompok sama besar, yaitu kelompok GBR dan GK dengan masing-masing kelompok menggunakan siler resin metakrilat. Setelah pengisian saluran akar dengan tekniksingle-cone, sampel diinkubasi (370C, 24 jam), kemudian dibelah dua secara vertikal. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kerapatan sepertiga apeks berdasarkan celah mikro yang ada pada daerah 5mm dari apeks menggunakan SEM dan diberi skor. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil: Skor 0 terbanyak pada GBR 43.8%,skor 1 terbanyak pada GK 81,3%% (165), skor 2 0% dan skor 3 terbanyak pada GBR 12.5%.Kesimpulan: Kerapatan hasil pengisian dengan kon gutaperca berlapis dibanding gutaperca konvensional dengan masing-masing kelompok menggunakan siler resin metakrilat pada sepertiga apeks tidak ada perbedaan bermakna walaupun secara subtansi jumlah celah mikro pada kelompok gutaperca berlapis lebih sedikit didaerah sepertiga apeks

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Background:Resin-coatedguttapercha as aroot canal obturation material is the system of tertiary monoblock. Purpose: to compare sealability of obturation using methacrylate resin-based root canal sealer between GBR dan GK group. Methods: Thirty two human lower insisive was used as specimen.All specimen was prepared using REVO-S and divided randomly into two groups. First group, GBK was obturated with resin-coated guttapercha andmethacrylate resin-based root canal sealer; while GK group was obturated with conventional guttapercha with the same sealer.Afterobturation, the specimens were incubated (370C, 24 h), then the speciments was cut verticaly. The gap existance was measured using SEM and given score 0-3. Theresults were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Results:Thelargest proportion distribution in GBR group was score 0 (43.8%), whilst the largestproportion distribution in GK group was score 1 (81.3%), both these groups has no score 2, and the largest proportion distribution in GBR was score 3(12.5%) Conclusion: Resin-coated guttapercha as an obturation material hadinsignificancy diffrence statisticaly than conventional guttapercha of sealing ability, despite resin-coated guttapercha showed better sealing ability substantially.

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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu sifat ideal suatu siler saluran akar adalah memiliki kemampuan penutupan yang baik terutama pada sepertiga apeks. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi perbandingan kebocoran antara pengisian saluran akar dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan SP dan siler bioceramic SB . Metode: Tiga puluh enam gigi premolar rahang bawah, dibagi dua kelompok dan diisi dengan teknik kon tunggal menggunakan siler polidimetilsiloksan pada kelompok pertama, dan siler bioceramic pada kelompok ke-dua. Selanjutnya gigi diinkubasi 37?C, selama 24 jam , kemudian dilapisi dengan dua lapis cat kuku kecuali pada 2 mm dari apeks, dan direndam dalam tinta india 7 X 24 jam . Sampel didekalsifikasi, didehidrasi dan dibuat transparan sesuai dengan metode Robertson. Kedalaman penetrasi zat tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Skor 0 untuk tidak bocor, skor 1 untuk penetrasi zat tinta le; 0,5 mm, skor 2 untuk penetrasi 0,51 ndash; 1 mm, dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi > 1 mm. Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar pada kelompok SP terdapat pada skor 2 44.4 , sedangkan pada kelompok SB terdapat pada skor 1 55.6 . Kesimpulan: Tingkat kebocoran pengisian saluran akar dengan siler bioceramic tidak berbeda dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan.

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ABSTRACTBackground One of the ideal properties of a root canal sealer is to have a good sealing ability, especially at the apical third of the root. Objective To evaluate the comparison of the apical leakage between obturation using bioceramic sealer SB and polydimethylsiloxane sealer SP . Methods Thirty six mandibular premolars were equally divided into two groups and was obturated with single cone technique. The sealer used for Group I and Group II were SP and SB respectively. After obturation, the samples were incubated 37 C, 24 h , sealed with two coats of nail polish except for 2 mm from the apex, immersed in the Indian ink for 7 days, decalcified, dehydrated and made transparent according to Robertson technique. Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope. Samples with no dye penetration were given score 0, le 0,5 mm dye penetration were given score 1, 0,051 ndash 1 mm were given score 2, and 1 mm were given score 3. Result The largest proportion distribution in SP group was at the score 2 44.4 , and in group SB was at the score 1 55.6 . Conclusion Bioceramic sealer showed similar apical leakage to polydimethylsiloxane sealer."

"Instrumentasi saluran akar masih meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi. Insrumen osilasi diklaim dapat membersihkan dinding saluran akar secara optimal.Tujuan: Membandingkan luas dinding sepertiga apeks saluran akar yang tidak terpreparasi antara instrumen osilasi Reciproc® dan WaveOne®.Metode: Tiga puluh dua saluran akar premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok berjumlah sama (n=16): Reciproc® dan WaveOne®. Luas dinding yang tertutup tinta cina dianalisis dengan Adobe Photoshop CS5.Hasil: Kelompok II mempreparasi lebih banyak dinding tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok I (p=0,265).Kesimpulan: Reciproc® dan WaveOne® tetap meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi di sepertiga apeks saluran akar.

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Thirty five percents area of root canal wall was left uninstrumented after instrumentation. Oscillation instrument was claimed able to clean whole area of root canal walls.Objective: to compare uninstrumented area of root canal at the apical third after instrumented by oscillation instrument.Methods: Thirty two human mandibular premolar root canals were dyed with china ink and were divided equally into Reciproc® and WaveOne® group. The area was analyzed using Adobe Photoshop CS5.Results: WaveOne® showed a better result than Reciproc®, but not statistically significant (p=0,265).Conclusion: The Reciproc® and WaveOne® showed no difference in cleaning the root canal."

"Smear layer dapat menghambat sterilisasi saluran akar dan adaptasi bahan pengisi di sepertiga apeks. Untuk menghilangkannya, selain menggunakan bahan irigasi juga diperlukan teknik irigasi yang yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai hasil pembersihan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks yang diirigasi menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik dan tehnik irigasi manual-dinamik. Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar tetap dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik. Kelompok 2 menggunakan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kebersihan dinding saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan menggunakan SEM pada semua kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kelompok 1 dan 2 (p=0,256). Kesimpulan: Kedua jenis teknik irigasi baik sonik maupun manual-dinamik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik. Namun secara deskriptif, teknik irigasi sonik memberikan hasil kebersihan sepertiga apeks yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik.

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Smear layer can inhibite sterilization of root canal and adaptation of root canal filling material on apical third of root canal wall. To eliminate it, besides using irrigation materials are also needed proper irrigation techniques. The purpose of this study was to obtain more information of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall irrigated using sonic and manual-dynamic irrigation techniques.

Materials and Method: thirty two whole-extracted premolars were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 were irigated sonicly, Group 2 were irrigated with manual-dynamic. The cleanliness of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall from both groups then inspected using SEM. The data obtained were analyzed using Kolmogorov-smirnov test.

Results: There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0,256)

Conclusion: Both types of irrigation techniques does not show statistically significant difference. But descriptively, sonic irrigation technique provided better result of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall than manual-dynamic irrigation technique."

"Latar Belakang: Siler yang baik adalah yang memiliki tingkat kebocoran mikro yang rendah Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis siler golongan resin SRE dan polidimetilsiloksan generasi baru SPGB Metode: Tiga puluh dua gigi premolar bawah dibagi dua kelompok sama besar yaitu kelompok SRE dan SPGB Setelah pengisian saluran akar dengan teknik kondensasi lateral sampel diinkubasi 370C 24 jam mahkota dipotong menyisakan bagian akar 15 mm dilapis cat kuku kecuali 1 mm dari apeks lalu direndam dalam tinta India selama 7 X 24 jam Lalu sampel didekalsifikasi dengan asam nitrat 5 didehidrasi berturut turut dengan alkohol 80 90 dan 100 dan dibuat transparan dengan metil salisilat 100 Kedalaman penetrasi tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo Skor 1 untuk penetrasi tinta 0 0 5 mm skor 2 untuk penetrasi tinta 0 51 1 mm dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi tinta 1 mm Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SRE terdapat pada skor 2 yaitu sebesar 56 3 Sedangkan distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SPGB terdapat pada skor 1 yaitu sebesar 68 8 Dengan tes Kolmogorov Smirnov terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok SRE dan SPGB Kesimpulan: Kebocoran mikro pengisiansaluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan generasi baru lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan siler resin epoksi

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Background: An ideal root canal sealer should have good sealing ability The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of obturation using epoxy resin based SRE and new generation polydimethylsiloxane based SPGB as root canal sealer

Methods: Thirty two mandibular first premolars were equally divided into two groups and obturated with lateral condensation technique The sealer used for Group I and Group II were SRE and SPGB respectively After obturation the specimens were incubated 370C 24 h decoronated sealed with nail polish except 1mm from apex immersed in Indian ink for 7 days decalcified with 5 nitric acid solution dehydrated with 80 90 and 100 alcohol consecutively and made transparent by immersing them in 100 methyl salicylate Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope and givenscore 1 3 Specimen with 0 0 5 mm dye penetration was given score 1 while 0 51 1 mm penetration was given score 2 and 1 mm was given score 3 The results were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test

Results: The largest proportion distribution in SR group was score 2 56 3 whilst the largest proportion distribution in SPGB group was score 1 68 8 There was a significant difference between the microleakage of epoxy resin based and new generation polydimethylsiloxane based sealer observed from the one third apical leakage

Conclusion: The microleakage of new generation polydimethylsiloxanebasedsealer is lower than epoxy resin based sealer"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Smear layer dapat menghambat sterilisasi saluran akar dan adaptasi bahan pengisi di sepertiga apeks. Untuk menghilangkannya, selain menggunakan bahan irigasi juga diperlukan teknik irigasi yang yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai hasil pembersihan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks yang diirigasi menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik dan tehnik irigasi manual-dinamik Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar tetap dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik. Kelompok 2 menggunakan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kebersihan dinding saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan menggunakan SEM pada semua kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kelompok 1 dan 2 (p=0,256) Kesimpulan: Kedua jenis teknik irigasi baik sonik maupun manual-dinamik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik. Namun secara deskriptif, teknik irigasi sonik memberikan hasil kebersihan sepertiga apeks yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Smear layer can inhibite sterilization of root canal and adaptation of root canal filling material on apical third of root canal wall. To eliminate it, besides using irrigation materials are also needed proper irrigation techniques. The purpose of this study was to obtain more information of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall irrigated using sonic and manual-dynamic irrigation techniques. Materials and Method: thirty two whole-extracted premolars were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 were irigated sonicly, Group 2 were irrigated with manual-dynamic. The cleanliness of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall from both groups then inspected using SEM. The data obtained were analyzed using Kolmogorov-smirnov test. Results: There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0,256) Conclusion: Both types of irrigation techniques does not show statistically significant difference. But descriptively, sonic irrigation technique provided better result of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall than manual-dynamic irrigation technique."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 46-50The necrosis tooth wilh incomplete formed roots and wide root canal should be treated by apexification. Gutta-percha combined with root canal sealer is widely used as an obturation material. The aim of this case report is to figure out that the use of customized gutta-percha in wide root canal to produce compact and hermetic filling."

"Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar gigi menghasilkan smear layer saat bersentuhan dengan dinding saluran akar yang berpotensi menyebabkan kegagalan perawatan. Bentuk penampang file mempengaruhi pembentukan smear layer. Penelitian ini membandingkan kuantitas smear layer pada dinding saluran akar sepertiga apikal yang dipreparasi menggunakan file berpenampang melintang segitiga dan segi empat. Metode: 32 sampel gigi premolar rahang bawah dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan yang dipreparasi dengan file berpenampang segitiga (One Curve®, n = 16) dan segi empat (Hyflex EDM®, n = 16). Setelah preparasi, saluran akar diirigasi menggunakan kombinasi larutan NaOCl 2,5% dan EDTA 17%. Smear layer pada dinding saluran akar sepertiga apikal diamati menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan dikuantifikasi menurut sistem skoring Foschi. Hasil: Uji Mann- Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara preparasi saluran akar menggunakan kedua instrumen dengan skor smear layer. Kelompok yang dipreparasi dengan file berpenampang segitiga menghasilkan skor smear layer lebih rendah dibanding kelompok yang dipreparasi dengan file berpenampang segi empat. Kesimpulan: Preparasi saluran akar menggunakan file berpenampang segitiga dan segi empat dengan irigasi kombinasi NaOCl 2,5% dan EDTA 17% tetap menghasilkan smear layer pada daerah sepertiga apikal, namun preparasi dengan file berpenampang segitiga menunjukkan kuantitas smear layer yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan file berpenampang segi empat.

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Background: Root canal preparation produces smear layer when in contact with its wall, which potentially causing treatment failures. Cross-section shape of file influences smear layer production. This experiment compares smear layer quantity at apical third of root canal walls prepared using files with triangular and rectangular cross-section.

Methods: Thirty-two premolar samples taken from mandibles were divided into two groups whose root canals were prepared using file with triangular (One Curve®, n = 16) and rectangular (Hyflex EDM®, n = 16) cross-section. After preparation, root canals were irrigated with combination of NaOCl 2,5% and EDTA 17% solutions. Smear layer in apical third of root canal walls were then observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan quantified according to Foschi scoring system.

Results: Mann- Whitney test shows significant difference between root canal preparation using both instruments and produced smear layer score. Group prepared with triangular file produced lower smear layer score compared to those which prepared with rectangular file.

Conclusions: Root canal preparation using files with triangular and rectangular cross-section, followed by combined NaOCl 2,5% and EDTA 17% irrigation still produces smear layer in apical third area. However, preparation with triangular file shows less smear layer quantity compared to rectangular file."

"Latar Belakang: Kebocoran mikro dipengaruhi oleh jenis semen saluran akar. Tujuan: menganalisis tingkat kebocoran mikro pengisian saluran akar menggunakan semen resin epoksi (SRE) dan Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (SMTA). Metode: Tiga puluh dua gigi premolar bawah, dibagi dua kelompok sama besar, yaitu kelompok SRE dan SMTA. Setelah pengisian saluran akar, sampel diinkubasi (370C, 24 jam), kemudian direndam dalam tinta India selama 7 X 24 jam. Sampel didekalsifikasi sampai dengan transparan. Kedalaman penetrasi tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Skor 1 untuk penetrasi tinta 0-0,5 mm, skor 2 untuk penetrasi tinta 0,51-1 mm, dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi tinta >1 mm. Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SRE terdapat pada skor 1, yaitu sebesar 37,5%. Sedangkan distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SMTA terdapat pada skor 1, yaitu sebesar 21,9%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok SRE dan SMTA. Kesimpulan: Semen resin epoksi dan semen MTA memiliki tingkat kebocoran yang sama.

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Background: The microleakage affected by type of root canal sealer.

Purpose: to analyze the microleakage of obturation using epoxy resin-based (SRE) and mineral trioxide aggregate-based (SMTA) as root canal sealer.

Methods: Thirty two mandibular first premolars were equally divided into two groups. They were SRE group and SMTA group. After obturation, the specimens were incubated (370C, 24 h), immersed in Indian ink for 7 days, decalcified, dehydrated, and made transparent. Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope and given score 1-3. Specimen with 0-0,5 mm dye penetration was given score 1, while 0,51-1 mm penetration was given score 2, and > 1 mm was given score 3. The results were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test.

Results: The largest proportion distribution in SMTA group was score 1 (37,5%), whilst the largest proportion distribution in SMTA group was score 1 (21,9%). There was no significant difference between the microleakage of epoxy resin-based and mineral trioxide aggregate-based sealer, observed from the one-third apical leakage.

Conclusion: The microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate based sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer was relatively similar."

"Residu Ca(OH)2 dapat mengganggu hermetisitas obturasi saluran akar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tiga metode pembersihan residu Ca(OH)2. Metode. Tigapuluh premolar bawah dipeparasi dengan ProTaper sampai F3, kemudian diberi medikamen Ca(OH)2 dan disimpan selama 7 hari. Setelah itu, sampel dibagi tiga sama banyak. Residu Ca(OH)2 di Kelompok I dibersihkan dengan irigan gabungan NaOCl-EDTA, kelompok II dengan CanalBrush, dan Kelompok III dengan file NiTi. Sampel kemudian dibelah arah buko-lingual dan residu diperiksa dengan mikroskopstereo dan program Axiocam. Hasil. Pembersihan paling baik adalah pada kelompok II, disusul oleh kelompok III, dan kelompok I, walaupun secara statistik tidak berbeda signifikan (p <0,05). Kesimpulan. Ketiga metode menghasilkan efek pembersihan residu Ca(OH)2 yang tidak berbeda.

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The residu of Ca(OH)2 will hamper the hermeticity of root canal obturation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the methods of its removal. Methods. Root canal preparation was performed on 30 lower premolar using Proaper system. The Ca(OH)2 paste was put on the root canal for 7 days. The samples were then divided equally into three groups. The residu of Ca(OH)2 in group I, II, and III were removed by combined irrigant of NaOCl-EDTA, Canal Brush, and NiTi file respectively. After bisected bucco-lingually, the residu was assessed under stereomicroscope (12x magnification) and AxioCam. Results. Substantially, the most effective method was group II, followed by group III and I, but statistically no significance difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The canal brush is the best methods in removing Ca(OH)2 residu, although the difference is statistically not significant."