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"Media sosial berpeluang menjadi medium terjadinya Kekerasan Siber Berbasis Gender (KSBG), seperti revenge porn yang tidak terlepas dari objektifikasi dan komodifikasi seksual serta dominasi dan kontrol laki-laki atas perempuan dan tubuhnya sesuai dengan perspektif feminis radikal. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode analisis konten kualitatif untuk menilai reaksi yang ditimbulkan para pengguna Twitter terhadap uraian kasus revenge porn yang dialami oleh korban melalui bot Anonymous Chat di Telegram. Sebanyak 41.6% warganet memberikan dukungan pada korban, sementara 58.4% warganet memberikan opini yang mengarah pada viktimisasi sekunder dan akan dikategorikan ke dalam lima skala viktimisasi sekunder, yakni minimization of the victim’s suffering, avoidance of the victim, blaming the victim, attractiveness of the victim, dan derogation of the victim.

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Social media has the opportunity to become a medium for Gender-Based Cyber Violence (GBCV), such as revenge porn which cannot be separated from sexual objectification and commodification, as well as men’s domination and control over women and their bodies by a radical feminist perspective. This article uses a qualitative content analysis method to assess the reactions caused by Twitter users to the description of the revenge porn case experienced by the victim via the Anonymous Chat bot on Telegram. As many as 41.6% of netizens provide support for victims. In comparison, 58.4% of netizens who provide opinions that lead to secondary victimization will be categorized into five scales of secondary victimization, namely minimization of the victim’s suffering, avoidance of the victim, blaming the victim, the attractiveness of the victim, and derogation of the victim."

"Sextortion adalah pemerasan yang dilakukan melalui jaringan komputer dan melibatkan beberapa ancaman untuk melepaskan gambar korban yang eksplisit secara seksual. Kejahatan ini merupakan kejahatan teknologi berbasis gender baru yang masih kurang diteliti di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran relasi gender dalam viktimisasi sextortion terhadap perempuan melalui pengalaman empat narasumber, yaitu AY, AP, I, dan WNS dengan menggunakan feminist radical theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendengar pengalaman para narasumber secara mendalam. Berdasarkan pengalaman para narasumber, diketahui bahwa relasi gender sangat berpengaruh dalam pembangunan nilai-nilai maskulinitas agresif dan budaya patriarkis. Hal ini dengan melihat aspek kontrol dan kekuasaan, perilaku seksisme, dan objektifikasi tubuh perempuan, dari pengalaman para narasumber. Penelitian ini juga melihat pengaruh online misogini terhadap kekerasan terhadap perempuan, serta melihat kontinum kekerasan seksual yang meliputi perilaku sextortion.

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Sextortion is a type of extortion carried out through a computer network and involves threats to release sexually explicit images of the victim. This crime is a new gender-based technology crime that is still under-researched in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to look at the role of gender relations in the victimization of sextortion against women through the experiences of four informants, namely AY, AP, I, and WNS using a feminist radical theory. This study uses qualitative methods to know more about the experiences of the informants deeply. Based on the experiences of the informants, it is known that gender relations are very influential in the development of aggressive masculinity values and patriarchal culture. This is done by looking at the aspects of control and power, sexist behavior, and the objectification of women's bodies, from the experiences of the informants. This research also looks at the influence of online misogyny on violence against women, and looks at the continuum of sexual violence which includes sextortion behavior."

"Di Indonesia, Perempuan Pembela Hak Asasi Manusia (PPHAM) memainkan peran penting dalam mendukung hak asasi dan keadilan gender. Namun, mereka sering dihadapkan pada berbagai jenis kekerasan berbasis gender, yang membahayakan keselamatan dan kesejahteraan mereka. Keadaan ini diperparah oleh kurangnya perlindungan resmi negara; akibatnya, PPHAM harus bergantung pada mekanisme perlindungan informal dari keluarga, teman, dan komunitas. Studi ini menyelidiki pengalaman PPHAM dalam menghadapi kekerasan berbasis gender, serta upaya mereka untuk memperoleh perlindungan informal melalui aksi kolektif dan solidaritas feminis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode observasi partisipasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis didasarkan pada teori burnout dan self-care oleh Gorski (2015) dan dinamika perlindungan informal dipahami melalui teori aksi kolektif dan solidaritas feminis Sweetman (2015). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPHAM menghadapi kekerasan fisik, psikis, finansial, dan digital yang mengancam keselamatan mereka selain kekerasan fisik dan psikologis. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya perlindungan yang komprehensif dan inklusif bagi PPHAM serta pentingnya memperkuat mekanisme perlindungan informal berbasis solidaritas komunitas. Perlindungan informal yang diberikan oleh keluarga, teman, dan komunitas terbukti sangat penting dalam mendukung pemulihan PPHAM.

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In Indonesia, Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) play an important role in supporting human rights and gender justice. However, they are often exposed to various types of gender-based violence, which endangers their safety and well-being. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of official state protection; As a result, WHRDs must rely on informal protection mechanisms from family, friends and communities. This study investigates WHRDs’ experiences in facing gender-based violence, as well as their efforts to obtain informal protection through collective action and feminist solidarity. This research is qualitative research that uses participant observation and in-depth interviews. The analysis is based on burnout and self-care theory by Gorski (2015) and the dynamics of informal protection are understood through Sweetman's theory of collective action and feminist solidarity (2015). The research results show that PPHAM faces physical, psychological, financial and digital violence that threatens their safety in addition to physical and psychological violence. This research highlights the importance of comprehensive and inclusive protection for WHRDs as well as the importance of strengthening informal protection mechanisms based on community solidarity. Informal protection provided by family, friends and community has proven to be crucial in supporting WHRDs’ recovery."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kekerasan berbasis gender (KBG) sangat mungkin terjadi di dunia maya dan terus merajalela semenjak dunia dilanda pandemi COVID-19. Dalam menelisik peran hukum sebagai tameng pelindung atas korban kekerasan berbasis gender online (KBGO), penelitian ini menggunakan kasus GA yang ditetapkan sebagai tersangka atas konten pornografi sebagai entry point analisis. Penelitian ini juga ingin menunjukkan bahwa praktik KBGO seringkali menyasar perempuan yang digambarkan dengan posisi GA selaku figur publik dan menjadi sasaran ‘empuk’ dari praktik KBGO yang diperkeruh dengan penghakiman masyarakat. Analisis ini ingin menunjukkan terdapat korelasi dari kentalnya budaya patriarkis dan ketidakpahaman masyarakat Indonesia mengenai konsep persetujuan senantiasa melahirkan posisi timpang pada perempuan dan akan terus melanggenggkan budaya victim-blaming pada korban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menelaah serangkaian instrumen hukum, penerapannya oleh aparat penegak hukum lewat hasil putusan pengadilan, reaksi masyarakat lewat pemberitaan media massa terkait kasus, dan juga wawancara langsung kepada KBGO yang melapor lewat LBH APIK serta pendampingnya. Peneliti juga menggunakan feminist legal method demi menjawab permasalahan berdasarkan pengalaman perempuan sebagai korban untuk mendorong penyusunan payung hukum dan sistem hukum yang lebih berperspektif korban, sehingga nantinya, tidak adalagi perempuan korban yang disalahkan seperti apa yang dialami GA dalam kasusnya.

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This study aims to explain how gender-based violence (GBV) is very likely to occur in cyberspace and continues to run rampant since the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. In examining the role of the law as a protective shield for victims of gender-based violence online (GBVO), this study uses the case of GA who is designated as a suspect for pornographic content as an entry point for analysis. This study also wants to show that GBVO practices often target women who are described as GA's position as a woman public figure and become 'easy' target of GBVO practices that are clouded by community judgment. This analysis shows that there is a correlation between the strong patriarchal culture and the Indonesian people's lack of understanding regarding the approval of the birth of an unequal position in women and will continue to perpetuate the victim-blaming culture of victims. This research was conducted by examining legal instruments, their application by law enforcement officers through court results, public reactions through mass media reports related to cases, and also direct interviews with the victims of GBVO who reported to LBH APIK. The researcher also uses the feminist legal method to answer questions based on the experience of women as victims to encourage the formulation of a legal basis and legal system that is more victim-oriented, so that in the future, there will be no more female victims who are blamed as experienced by GA in her case."

"Kekerasan berbasis gender telah diakui sebagai penyalahgunaan hak asasi manusia, dengan perempuan dan anak perempuan sering menjadi korban. Menggabungkan teori agensi Kabeer dan konsep resistensi Crann dan Barata, penelitian ini mengkaji tentang agencyperempuan dan strategi mereka melawan kekerasan dalam konteks film Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Melalui analisis tekstual dari narasi, adegan, karakter, dan dialog dalam percakapan dengan konsep agency perempuan dan perlawanan, penelitian ini berusaha untuk menantang pemahaman konvensional tentang perempuan yang mengalami kekerasan berbasis gender yang seringkali dipandang sebagai korban pasif. Penulis berpendapat bahwa agensi perempuan dalam kedua film tersebut sangat penting dalam mengembangkan strategi untuk memerangi penindasan. agency mereka mencakup pasif seperti polos dan mematuhi pelaku dan respon aktif, seperti memutuskan pendekatan terbaik untuk keadaan tertentu sebagai strategi mereka. Selain itu, analisis menemukan bahwa agency bisa mengubah perempuan dari korban menjadi penyintas dengan mengaktifkan dan melatihnya untuk memerangi kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada studi tentang kesetaraan gender dalam film.

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Gender-based violence has been recognized as an abuse of fundamental human rights, with women and girls frequently being the victims. Incorporating Kabeer's theory of agency and Crann and Barata's resistance concept, this research examines female agency and their strategies for fighting violence in the context of the movies, namely Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Through a textual analysis of the narratives, scenes, characters, and dialogue in conversation with the concept of female agency and resistance, this study seeks to challenge the conventional understanding of women and girls who encounter gender-based violence that are often viewed as passive victims. The author argues that the female agency in both films is crucial in developing the strategy to combat oppression. Their agency encompasses both passive as innocent and obeying perpetrators and active response, such as deciding on the best approach for particular circumstances as their strategies. In addition, the analysis found that female agency can transform women from victims to survivors by activating and exercising it to combat violence against women. This research contributes to the study of gender equality in movies."

"This book presents new research on gender-based violence in Southeast Asia, bringing together varied scholarly work in law, policy, and practice. It enables a greater understanding of violence against women as an international concern, highlighting particular issues that arise in the region. Against a background of international obligations to ensure women's rights through laws and policies that are geared at ending violence against women and girls, this research documents the state failures, individual shame and fear, and societal culture that collectively affects the reporting, investigation, prosecution of perpetrators, and protection of victims. The research explores differing legal mechanisms both internationally, and within nation states, relating to cases of physical and sexual violence. It recognizes the need for functioning mechanisms to ensure women can report their cases safely and be provided with protective and therapeutic services in a way that is systematic, effective, and measurable. Laws and court decisions are analyzed, crisis and safety centers are examined, and in-depth interviews are conducted with actors and NGOs with relevant roles and functions in the mechanism of cases of violence against women. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the incalculable harm it does within Southeast Asian society, and the obstacles it presents for law enforcement. The chapters uncover mechanisms with unique characteristics across Southeast Asia, providing a nuanced understanding of the cultural and social backgrounds, as well as the religious structures, that can both help and hinder suitable frameworks. It is relevant to scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in law, criminology, and gender sociology.“This is a valuable contribution towards empowering the women of South East Asia out of victimhood to valued equality, involvement in governance and leadership through the elimination of violence and discrimination and an excellent resource not just for those working in this field but for those involved in law making, the media and the people of South East Asia.”- Professor Felicity Gerry QC, Barrister at Crockett Chambers Melbourne and Libertas Chambers, London, and Professor of Legal Practice at Deakin University and Honorary Professor at Salford University."

"Aplikasi Bumble sebagai aplikasi kencan feminis dilengkapi dengan beberapa fitur perlindungan, namun normalisasi KBGO, manipulasi identitas, dan perbedaan motivasi pengguna masih menyuburkan KBGO pada perempuan. Studi-studi sebelumnya hanya memberikan pembahasan sampai pada topik mengenai bentuk- bentuk tindakan kekerasan yang mungkin terjadi di aplikasi kencan, namun penelitian ini turut membahas agensi perempuan dalam meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Peneliti berargumen bahwa subjektivitas agensi, diwujudkan dalam tindakan- tindakan yang dilakukan perempuan sebagai bentuk meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan observasi digital. Informan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 6 orang perempuan yang sedang dan/atau pernah menggunakan aplikasi Bumble; berusia 22 hingga 27 tahun; dan pernah mengalami KBGO yang terjadi di Bumble maupun aplikasi lain yang difasilitasi oleh Bumble. Temuan dalam penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa perempuan menunjukkan agensi dalam berbagai tindakan untuk merespon KBGO yang terjadi, baik yang dilakukan secara publik maupun privat. Sherry Ortner mengungkap bahwa agensi perempuan didasari oleh subjektivitas yang berada dalam konteks formasi sosial dan budaya. Agensi perempuan tidak hanya berfokus pada perlawanan yang dilakukan, namun juga tentang bagaimana perempuan membuat dan mencari makna. Tentang apa yang dirasakan, dipikirkan, dan bagaimana perempuan meresponi kondisi KBGO yang menimpanya.

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The Bumble application as a feminist dating application is equipped with several protective features, but the normalization of KBGO, identity manipulation, and differences in user motivation still feed KBGO among women. Previous studies only provide discussion on the topic of forms of violent acts that may occur on dating applications, but this research also discusses women's agency in responding to the KBGO they experience. Researchers argue that agency subjectivity is manifested in the actions carried out by women as a form of responding to the KBGO they experience. Data collection was carried out using an in-depth interview process and direct observation on the Bumble application. The informants in this study were 6 women who currently and/or have used the Bumble application; aged 22 to 27 years; and have experienced KBGO that occurs on Bumble or other applications facilitated by Bumble. The findings in the research show that women show agency in various actions to respond to KBGO that occurs, whether carried out publicly or privately. Sherry Ortner reveals that women's agency is based on subjectivity which is in the context of social and cultural formations. Women's agency does not only focus on the resistance carried out, but also on how women make and search for meaning. About what women feel, think, and how they respond to the KBGO conditions that befall them."

"Perempuan rentan mengalami kekerasan, baik di dunia nyata maupun dalam ruang siber (cyber space). Bahkan kekerasan yang terjadi di ruang fisik diungkapkan dalam ruang siber melalui media sosial, seperti disebarkannya video yang memperlihatkan peristiwa kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana reaksi sosial nonformal berupa komentar yang ditulis oleh pengguna media sosial pada video kekerasan terhadap perempuan di Cinere kota Depok. Komentar-komentar yang ditujukan pada video kekerasan terhadap perempuan dikaji dengan menggunakan konsep patriarki, kekerasan terhadap perempuan, viktimisasi serta juga memanfaatkan teori symbolic reality dan pemikiran feminis mengenai maskulinitas. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa, berbagai komentar baik yang mendukung atau yang tidak mendukung korban merepresentasikan realitas sosial yang diyakini oleh pengguna media sosial. Banyak pula komentar yang berpihak pada korban, baik perempuan yang mendapatkan kekerasan maupun anak yang ada di samping korban. Selain itu, komentar yang menyalahkan korban (victim blaming) juga ditemukan. Perempuan yang menjadi korban kekerasan di dunia nyata masih mendapatkan kekerasan lagi di ruang siber melalui komentar yang diberikan oleh pengguna media sosial. Dapat disimpulkan dari total 399 komentar yang dianalisis, terdapat komentar yang mendukung dan yang tidak mendukung perempuan sebagai korban kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki. Perbedaan komentar yang terlihat pada unggahan video kekerasan tersebut didasarkan pada realitas simbolik yang diyakini berbagai macam.

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Women are vulnerable to violence, both in the real world and in cyberspace. Even violence that occurs in the real world also emerges in cyberspace through social media, such as the dissemination of videos showing incidents of violence against women. This research is to see nonformal social reactions in the form of comments written by social media users on videos of violence against women in Cinere, Depok City. The comments expressed on videos of violence against women are studied using the concepts of patriarchy, violence against women, and victimization, and also utilizing the theory of symbolic reality and feminist thought about masculinity. The result obtained is that the various comments given by social media users on videos of violence against women represent the social reality believed by social media users. Many commenters sided with the victim, either the woman who was assaulted or the child who was next to the victim. Furthermore, comments blaming the victim are also still found on these violent video posts. Women who are victims of violence in the real world still get more violence in the virtual world through comments given by social media users. The different comments on the violent videos are based on the symbolic realities they believe. In conclusion, from the 399 comments that have been analyzed, there are comments that support and comments that do not support women as victims of violence. The different comments on the violent video are based on the symbolic reality they believe in."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang multiple victimization perempuan korban KDRT yang menjalani proses hukum (pidana dan perceraian). Penelitian dilakukan dengan melihat bagaimana viktimisasi terjadi di tiga ranah kehidupan perempuan, yaitu viktimisasi ranah domestik, ranah hukum, dan ranah sosial masyarakat (pasca keseluruhan proses hukum) dengan menggunakan teori feminis hukum yang menjelaskan bahwa gender berpengaruh terhadap ketidakadilan hukum yang dialami perempuan, dan feminis radikal yang menjelaskan bahwa opresi terhadap perempuan terjadi di hampir keseluruhan hidup perempuan. Dua orang perempuan korban KDRT yang menjalani proses hukum menjadi subjek penelitian yang pengalamannya digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana multiple victimization pada perempuan korban KDRT yang menjalani proses hukum adalah sebuah bentuk opresi terhadap perempuan.

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This thesis studying about multiple victimization on women who become a victim on domestic violence who through on law process (criminal law and divorce). Research conducted by looking how victimization occurred in three domain of women life, domestic sphere, the legal sphere, and social aspect of the community (after the whole process of law). Using the feminist legal theories that explain about how gender affect the legal injustices experienced by women, and radical feminists where explain that the oppression of women occurs almost the entire life of women. Two women as a victim of domestic violence who undergo the legal process is the subject of research whose experiences are used to analyze this research. Critical approach is used to see how multiple victimization of women victim of domestic violence who through the legal process is a form of oppression of women."

"Artikel ini membahas mengenai peran keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan dalam perilaku kekerasan remaja. Terdapat dua kelompok studi sebelumnya yang telah membahas ini. Kelompok studi pertama melihat faktor utama remaja menjadi pelaku kekerasan dikarenakan struktur dan fungsi keluarga yang tidak berjalan dengan baik. Sedangkan, pada kelompok studi kedua memandang bahwa kelompok pertemanan menjadi faktor utama remaja sebagai pelaku. Kelemahan dari kedua kelompok studi sebelumnya adalah studi tersebut hanya menjelaskan pada satu aspek saja dan tidak melihat bahwa terdapat relasi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Berdasarkan pendekatan ekologi, argumen pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat relasi keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan dalam perilaku kekerasan remaja. Studi ini dilakukan di Rumah Perlindungan Sosial Anak dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah pelaku kekerasan berusia 10-18 tahun dan tinggal di RPSA. Selain itu, peneliti juga menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa relasi sendiri terlihat dengan adanya pandangan nilai kekerasan yang sama dari keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan yang mendorong remaja melakukan kekerasan. Selain itu, relasi keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan juga dilanggengkan dengan kondisi lingkungan tempat tinggal, hubungan keluarga dengan lingkungan sekitarnya dan pekerjaan orangtua. Budaya kekerasan di tempat tinggal dan kebijakan pemerintah juga mempunyai implikasi pada perilaku kekerasan remaja.

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This article discusses about role of family and peer groups in adolescent as perpetrators of violence. There are two previous study groups that discussed adolescents as perpetrators of violence. The first group discussed that the main factor of adolescent become perpetrators of violence is because the instability stucture and family didn't do function of the family well. Meanwhile, the second group found that deviant peer is the main reason of adolescent become perpetrators of violence. The weakness from both previous studies are they're only explains from one point of view and didn't see that the two factors are essentially related.

Based on ecological approach, the argument in this study that there is a relations between family and peer groups in adolescents as perpetrators of violence. The study was conducted at the Rumah Perlindungan Sosial Anak and used a qualitative approach. The informants are adolescent between 10 18 years old who lives in RPSA. This research also used secondary data from previous studies.

This research found that the relation is seen from both family and peer groups point of view of violence that ecourage adolescent become prepetrator of violence. Neighborhood community context, family social networks, and parent's occupation context also effect adolescent as perpetrators of violence. Neighborhood's culture of violence and overnment policy also have contribution in adolescent as prepatrators of violence."